Davis’s drug guide for nurses

1489 Pages·2015·15.602 MB·English

by  Vallerand, April Hazard, Sanoski, Cynthia A., Deglin, Judith Hopfer;

Invest in the Best
The resources you’ll turn to every day,
now and throughout your career.
Taber’s®
To thrive in the ever-changing world
of health care, you need a respected, Order your
trusted, and cutting-edge cyclopedic PERFECT PACKAGE TODAY!
resource. Taber’s brings meanings to life.
1. Available in your health
Davis’s Drug Guide for Nurses® science bookstore.
Count on the drug guide that always 2. Call 800.323.3555 (US)
puts safety first…with all of the guidance 800.665.1148 (CAN)
you need to administer medications
3. Visit www.FADavis.com.
competently and safely across the lifespan.
Davis’s Comprehensive
Handbook of Laboratory
and Diagnostic Tests with
Nursing Implications
The premier mobile and web solution
Here’s the information you need to
for nursing reference and study with:
understand how laboratory and diagnostic
tests work, accurately interpret the test • Davis’s Drug Guide
• Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary
results, and provide quality care for
• Davis’s Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests
patients—pre-, intra-, and post-test.
• Diseases and Disorders
• Unbound MEDLINE
• Grasp™ study system
Visit www.ubmed.com/nursing
DDG14E_House Ad_2014.indd 1 3/13/14 10:07 AM
Name /bks_53148_deglins_dg/53148_fm_1 03/18/2014 08:33AM Plate # 0-Compositepg 3 # 1
Davis’s
DRUG GUIDE
FOR NURSES(cid:2)
FOURTEENTH EDITION
APRIL HAZARD VALLERAND, PhD, RN, FAAN
Professor of Nursing
Wayne State University
College of Nursing
Detroit, Michigan
CYNTHIA A. SANOSKI, BS, PharmD, FCCP, BCPS
Chair, Department of Pharmacy Practice
Thomas Jefferson University
Jefferson School of Pharmacy
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
JUDITH HOPFER DEGLIN, PharmD
Consultant Pharmacist
Hospice of Southeastern Connecticut
Norwich, Connecticut
With special contributions by:
HollyG.Mansell,BSP,PharmD
AssistantProfessorofPharmacy
CollegeofPharmacyandNutrition
UniversityofSaskatchewan
Saskatoon,SK,Canada
Name /bks_53148_deglins_dg/53148_fm_1 03/13/2014 08:56AM Plate # 0-Composite
F.A.DavisCompany
1915ArchStreet
Philadelphia,PA 19103
www.fadavis.com
Copyright(cid:2)2015byF.A.DavisCompany
Copyright(cid:2)1988,1991,1993,1995,1997,1999,2001,2003,2005,2007,2009,2011,2013byF.A.
DavisCompany.Allrightsreserved.Thisbookisprotectedbycopyright.Nopartofitmaybereproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmittedinanyform orbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,
photocopying,recording,orotherwise,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher.
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
Lastdigitindicatesprintnumber10987654321
Editor-in-Chief,Nursing:JeanRodenberger
DirectorofContentStrategy:DarleneD.Pedersen
Publisher,Nursing:RobertG.Martone
SeniorAcquisitionsEditor:ThomasA.Ciavarella
ProjectEditor:ChristinaL.Snyder
DirectorofProduction:MichaelW.Bailey
NOTE: As new scientific information becomes available through basic and clinical research,
recommendedtreatmentsanddrugtherapiesundergochanges.Theauthorsandpublisherhavedone
everythingpossibletomakethisbookaccurate,uptodate,andinaccordwithacceptedstandardsatthe
timeofpublication.However,thereaderisadvisedalwaystocheckproductinformation(package
inserts)forchangesandnewinformationregardingdoseandcontraindicationsbeforeadministering
anydrug.Cautionisespeciallyurgedwhenusingneworinfrequentlyordereddrugs.
Vallerand,AprilHazard,author.
Davis’sdrugguidefornurses/AprilHazardVallerand,CynthiaA.Sanoski,JudithHopferDeglin.
—Fourteenthedition.p.;cm.
Drugguidefornurses
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-0-8036-3976-8(US)
ISBN978-0-8036-3977-5(Canadian)
I.Sanoski,CynthiaA.,author.II.Deglin,JudithHopfer,1950– author.III.Title.IV.Title:Drug
guidefornurses.
[DNLM:1.PharmaceuticalPreparations—administration&dosage—Handbooks.2.Pharmaceutical
Preparations—administration & dosage—Nurses’ Instruction. 3. Drug Therapy—nursing—
Handbooks. 4. Drug Therapy—nursing—Nurses’ Instruction. 5. Pharmacology, Clinical—
methods—Handbooks.6.Pharmacology,Clinical—methods—Nurses’Instruction.QV735]
RM301.12
615.1024613—dc23
2014005996
Authorizationtophotocopyitemsforinternalorpersonaluse,ofspecificclients,isgrantedbyF.A.Davis
Company for users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center(CCC)TransactionalReporting
Service,providedthatthefeeof$.25percopyispaiddirectlytoCCC,222RosewoodDrive,Danvers,MA
01923.ForthoseorganizationsthathavebeengrantedaphotocopylicensebyCCC,aseparatesystem
of payment has been arranged. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is
8036-3976/140(US)and8036-3977/140(Canadian)(cid:2)$.25.
Name /bks_53148_deglins_dg/53148_fm_1 02/18/2014 10:22AM Plate # 0-Composite
DEDICATION
Tomyson,Ben,whosesensitivityandsenseofhumormakeeventhetoughestdayeasier.
Tomydaughter,Katharine,whosededicationandpassioninseekinghergoalsIadmire.
Watchingyoubothgrowtobecomewonderfulyoungadultsgivesmesuchprideandjoy.Yoursupport
ofmyworkinspiresme.Thankyouforsharingsomuchofyourliveswithme.Iloveyou.
AHV
Tomywonderfulmother,Geraldine,whohasprovidedhercontinuallove,support,andwisdomasI
continuetopursueallofmypersonalandprofessionalgoals.
CAS
Inlovingmemoryofmyolderchildren,SamanthaAnnandRandyEli,bothstruckandkilledbya
drinkingdriveronJanuary9,1997.Theyremainforeverinourhearts.Thewonderandjoytheybrought
toourlivescontinuestoinspireus.
ToStu,forhiscontinuedsupportandlove.
TomydaughterHanna,whosehardwork,talent,andgraceneverceasetoamazeme.
TomysonReuben,whosesmilewarmsmyheartandwhoseenergyisboundless.
Tomyparents,whoalwaysinspiredme.
JHD
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Weofferourthankstothestudentsandnurseswhohaveusedourbookforover25years.Wehope
ourbookprovidesyouwiththecurrentknowledgeofpharmacotherapeuticsyouneedtocontinueto
givequalitycareinourrapidlychanginghealth-careenvironment.
April,Cindy,andJudi
Name /bks_53148_deglins_dg/53148_fm_1 02/18/2014 10:22AM Plate # 0-Composite
CONSULTANTS
MichelleFarkas,PMHNP-BC ThereseJamison,MSN,APRN-BC,ACNP
PrivatePractice AssociateProfessor
Dearborn,MI MadonnaUniversity
JamieCrawley,PhD,RN SchoolofNursing
AssistantProfessor Livonia,MI
UniversityofWindsor JaneenKidd,RN,BN
FacultyofNursing Instructor/SchoolPlacementProjectCoordinator
Windsor,ON,Canada UniversityofVictoria
LisaE.Davis,PharmD,FCCP,BCPS,BCOP SchoolofNursing
AssociateProfessorofClinicalPharmacy Victoria,BC,Canada
UniversityoftheSciencesinPhiladelphia NormaPerez,BSN,RN
PhiladelphiaCollegeofPharmacy NursingFaculty&ClinicalCoordinator
Philadelphia,PA IvyTechCommunityCollege
WandaEdwards,PMHCNS-BC,NP SchoolofNursing
Instructor(Clinical) Valparaiso,IN
WayneStateUniversity KimSubasic,MSN,RN
CollegeofNursing TheUniversityofScranton
Detroit,MI Scranton,PA
DeborahA.Ennis,RN,MSN,CCRN GladdiTomlinson,RN,MSN
HarrisburgAreaCommunityCollege ProfessorofNursing
Harrisburg,PA HarrisburgAreaCommunityCollege
LindaFelver,PhD,RN Harrisburg,PA
AssociateProfessor LindaS.Weglicki,PhD,RN,MSN
OregonHealth&ScienceUniversity ProgramDirector
SchoolofNursing NationalInstituteofNursingResearch
Portland,OR OfficeofExtramuralPrograms
CharleneC.Gyurko,PhD,RN,CNE Bethesda,MD
AssistantProfessor MarcellaWilliams,RN,MS,AOCN(cid:2)
PurdueUniversity,NorthCentral AdjunctFaculty
SchoolofNursing LansingCommunityHospital
Westville,IN StaffNurse,SparrowHealthSystem
AltheaDuBoseHayes,RD Lansing,MI
RenalDietitian
GreenfieldHealthSystem,
adivisionofHenryFordHealthSystem
Southfield,MI
vi
Name /bks_53148_deglins_dg/53148_fm_1 02/18/2014 10:22AM Plate # 0-Composite
F. A. DAVIS PHARMACOLOGIC
PUBLICATIONS ADVISORY BOARD
ShamimTejani, EmilyKarwacki-Sheff,
PharmD MS,CMSRN,FNP-BC
PharmacyClinicalManager LecturerandClinicalInstructor
St.Joseph’sHospital&MedicalCenter MassachusettsGeneralHospital
Phoenix,AZ InstituteofHealthProfessions
Charlestown,MA
DebraAbraham,
MSN,RN ClinicalInstructor
Lecturer
BostonCollege
UniversityofPennsylvania
ChestnutHill,MA
SchoolofNursing
LauraG.Leahy,
Philadelphia,PA MSN,PMH-CNS/FNP,BC
PsychiatricAdvancedPracticeNurseClinical
AngelaAnnBoggs,PharmD AssociateFaculty/Lecturer
ClinicalPharmacist UniversityofPennsylvania
UniversityofMarylandBaltimore SchoolofNursing
SpringfieldHospitalCenter Philadelphia,PA
Sykesville,MD StuartLevine,
PharmD
InformaticsSpecialist
DouglasLeeBoggs,
PharmD,MS,BCPP
InstituteforSafeMedicationPractices
ResearchAssociate
HuntingdonValley,PA
MarylandPsychiatricResearchCenter
UniversityofMarylandSchoolofMedicine GinetteA.Pepper,PhD,RN,FAAN
Baltimore,MD HelenLoweBambergerColbyPresidential
EndowedChairinGerontologicalNursing
HedyCohen,RN,BSN,MS AssociateDeanforResearch&PhDPrograms
ClinicalConsultingNurse SaltLakeCity,UT
InstituteforSafeMediationPractices Director
HuntingdonValley,PA UniversityofUtahHartfordCenterofGeriatric
NursingExcellence
JaneVincentCorbett,
RN,Ed.D SaltLakeCity,UT
ProfessorEmerita
RosemaryC.Polomano,
UniversityofSanFrancisco PhD,RN,FAAN
SchoolofNursing AssociateProfessorofPainPractice
SanFrancisco,CA UniversityofPennsylvania
SchoolofNursing
MargaretFalahee,APRN-BC Philadelphia,PA
ClinicalAssistantProfessor
DebbieRichmond,
NP-C,ACRN
WayneStateUniversity
WayneStateUniversity
CollegeofNursing
Detroit,MI
Detroit,MI
DorieSchwertz,
PhD,RN,FAAN,FAHA
SusanM.Hasenau,PhD,MSN,BSN AssociateProfessor
Professor UniversityofIllinois-ChicagoCollegeofNursing
MadonnaUniversity DepartmentofMedicalSurgicalNursingand
SchoolofNursing AdjunctProfessorofPharmacology
Livonia,MI Chicago,IL
vii
Name /bks_53148_deglins_dg/53148_fm_1 02/18/2014 10:22AM Plate # 0-Composite
F.A. DAVIS CANADIAN ADVISORY BOARD
AndreaM.Brandt, ArohaPage,
BScN,MS RN,BA,BScN,Grad.DipHealthSci,M.Phil(N),
PharmacologyInstructor,LeadFaculty,Nursing PhD(UCSF)FRCNA
GeorgianCollege AssociateProfessor,SchoolofNursing
Barrie,Ontario NipissingUniversity
MelanieDeveau, FacultyofApplied&ProfessionalStudies
MN-ANP,RN,NP
NursePractitioner,CardiovascularProgram NorthBay,Ontario
AdjunctLecturer VincentSalyers,Ed.D,MSN,BA
DalhousieUniversity-YarmouthSite AssociateDean,FacultyofHealth&Community
Yarmouth,NovaScotia Studies
LisaKeeping-Burke, MountRoyalUniversity
RN,PhD.(McGill)
AssistantProfessor,DepartmentofNursingand Calgary,Alberta
HealthSciences,UNB MichaelScarcello,RN,HBScN,MA
AdjunctAssistantProfessor,SchoolofNursing, ClinicalNurseSpecialistProgramCoordinator,
Queen’sUniversity PracticalNursingProgram
SaintJohn,NewBrunswick ConfederationCollege
Duncan(Stewart)MacLennan, ThunderBay,Ontario
MN,NP
FacultyLecturer,FacultyofNursing JeffTaylor,BSP,MSc,PhD
UniversityofAlberta ProfessorofPharmacy
Edmonton,Alberta UniversityofSaskatchewan
CraigMiller Saskatoon,SK
Instructor-PN JimWohlgemuth,RN,MN,CTN-B
AssiniboineCommunityCollege Instructor,NursingEducation&HealthStudies
Brandon,Manitoba GrandePrairieRegionalCollege
WendyNeander, GrandePrairie,Alberta
PhD(c),MN,BScN,BScv
AssistantTeachingProfessor,SchoolofNursing
UniversityofVictoria
Nanaimo,BritishColumbia
viii
Name /bks_53148_deglins_dg/53148_fm_1 02/18/2014 10:23AM Plate # 0-Composite
CONTENTS
HOWTOUSEDAVIS’SDRUGGUIDEFORNURSES............................ 1
EVIDENCE-BASEDPRACTICEANDPHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS:
ImplicationsforNurses....................................................... 6
PHARMACOGENOMICS......................................................... 9
MEDICATIONERRORS:ImprovingPracticesandPatientSafety............ 12
DETECTINGANDMANAGINGADVERSEDRUGREACTIONS................. 18
OVERVIEWOFRISKEVALUATIONANDMITIGATIONSYSTEMS(REMS)... 22
SPECIALDOSINGCONSIDERATIONS.......................................... 23
ThePediatricPatient......................................................... 23
TheGeriatricPatient......................................................... 23
ThePatientofReproductiveAge.............................................. 24
RenalDisease................................................................ 24
LiverDisease................................................................ 24
HeartFailure................................................................ 24
BodySize.................................................................... 24
DrugInteractions............................................................ 25
EDUCATINGPATIENTSABOUTSAFEMEDICATIONUSE..................... 26
CLASSIFICATIONS.............................................................. 29
Anti-Alzheimer’sagents...................................................... 29
Antianemics................................................................. 30
Antianginals................................................................. 31
Antianxietyagents............................................................ 32
Antiarrhythmics.............................................................. 33
Antiasthmatics............................................................... 34
Anticholinergics............................................................. 35
Anticoagulants............................................................... 36
Anticonvulsants.............................................................. 38
Antidepressants.............................................................. 39
Antidiabetics................................................................. 41
Antidiarrheals............................................................... 43
Antiemetics.................................................................. 44
Antifungals................................................................... 45
Antihistamines............................................................... 46
Antihypertensives............................................................ 47
Anti-infectives................................................................ 49
Antineoplastics............................................................... 50
Antiparkinsonagents......................................................... 52
Antiplateletagents........................................................... 53
Antipsychotics............................................................... 54
Antipyretics.................................................................. 56
Antiretrovirals............................................................... 57
Antirheumatics.............................................................. 58
Antituberculars.............................................................. 59
Antiulceragents.............................................................. 60
Antivirals.................................................................... 62
Betablockers................................................................ 63
ix