Table Of ContentDao Companions to Chinese Philosophy 12
Yiu-ming Fung Editor
Dao
Companion
to Chinese
Philosophy of
Logic
Dao Companions to Chinese Philosophy
Volume 12
Series Editor
Yong Huang
Department of Philosophy
The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
E-mail: [email protected]
While “philosophy” is a Western term, philosophy is not something exclusively
Western. In this increasingly globalized world, the importance of non-Western
philosophy is becoming more and more obvious. Among all the non-Western
traditions, Chinese philosophy is certainly one of the richest. In a history of more
than 2500 years, many extremely important classics, philosophers, and schools have
emerged. As China is becoming an economic power today, it is only natural that
more and more people are interested in learning about the cultural traditions,
including the philosophical tradition, of China.
The Dao Companions to Chinese Philosophy series aims to provide the most
comprehensive and most up-to-date introduction to various aspects of Chinese
philosophy as well as philosophical traditions heavily influenced by it. Each volume
in this series focuses on an individual school, text, or person.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8596
Yiu-ming Fung
Editor
Dao Companion to Chinese
Philosophy of Logic
Editor
Yiu-ming Fung
Department of Philosophy
Tunghai University
Taichung, Taiwan
ISSN 2211-0275 ISSN 2542-8780 (electronic)
Dao Companions to Chinese Philosophy
ISBN 978-3-030-29031-3 ISBN 978-3-030-29033-7 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29033-7
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Editor’s Acknowledgments
It may be agreed by most scholars in the field of Chinese philosophy that the main
concern of traditional Chinese philosophy (hereafter, TCP) is about the problems of
moral, social, and political philosophy. Traditional Chinese thinkers are not inter-
ested in making arguments and philosophical analysis. Instead, they usually use
metaphors, analogies, fables, or anecdotes to express their ideas. Some even think
that there are no logical and analytical methods in TCP, except figurative expressions.
I think this kind of opinion on TCP is inaccurate or, at least, not totally correct.
Although it is right to say that the trend of philosophical investigation in TCP is not
about problems of philosophy of language and logic, we still find some interesting
and significant ideas in terms of logico-philosophy in ancient China. In this volume,
we are going to provide an introduction to philosophy of logic in TCP which covers
topics including the thought in the School of Names and Later Mohism. I think this
volume may be helpful for students and scholars who are interested in knowing
some basic ideas of philosophical logic in Chinese tradition which are not similar to
those in the Western tradition, though, I think, they are not incomparable to
each other.
To promote the idea of this book project and to make the project into reality, I
have benefited from many people, especially the contributors of this volume. Here,
I would like to express my gratitude to Professor Yong Huang, the editor of Dao: A
Journal of Comparative Philosophy and of the present book series. Without his sup-
port, the project cannot be materialized. In addition, I am grateful to the editorial
team of Springer for their outstanding and professional work for the volume. Finally,
I would like to thank my wife, Shun Chee 順志, and my children, Ka Yan 家茵 and
Ka King 家敬, for their constant help and inspiration.
v
Contents
1 Introduction: Chinese Philosophy of Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Yiu-ming Fung
Part I C oncepts in Chinese Philosophy of Logic
2 What Is Ming 名? “Name” Not “Word” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Jane Geaney
3 Naming, Reference and Truth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Bo Mou
4 Sentences (Ci 辭, Ju 句) and Propositional Attitudes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Yiu-ming Fung
5 Counterfactual Conditionals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Yiu-ming Fung
6 Truth in Pre-Han Thought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Chris Fraser
7 Contradiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Xinyan Jiang
8 Analogy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Alexei K. Volkov
9 Reasoning (Pi 譬, Mou 侔, Yuan 援, Tui 推) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Wujin Yang
10 Argumentation (Bian 辯) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Lisa Indraccolo
11 Reason (Gu 故) and Principle (Li 理) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Yiu-ming Fung
vii
viii Contents
12 Classes (Lei 類) and Individuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Wujin Yang and Wanqiang Zhang
13 Sameness (Tong 同) and Difference (Yi 異) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Yiu-ming Fung
14 Definitions in Pre-Qin Texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Thierry Lucas
Part II I ssues and Theories in Chinese Philosophy of Logic
15 Logical Thought in Mohism and Later Mohism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Thierry Lucas
16 Paradoxes in the School of Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Chris Fraser
17 Logical Thinking in the Gongsun Longzi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Yiu-ming Fung
18 Correcting Names in Early Confucianism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Hui Chieh Loy
19 Analogical and Metaphorical Thinking in the Mencius, Xunzi and
Zhuangzi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
Kim-chong Chong
20 Problems of Language and Logic in Daoism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
Eske J. Møllgaard
21 Paradoxical Language in Chan Buddhism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
Chien-hsing Ho
Part III Logical Thought Transplanted from India and the West
22 Yin Ming 因明 in Chinese Buddhism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
Mingjun Tang
23 Proper Relations of Association (Zheng 正) vs. Logical Validity of
Syllogism: A Case Study of Shared Practices of Matteo Ricci, S. J and
Chinese Mathematicians in Seventeenth Century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
Jinmei Yuan
24 Logic in China and Chinese Logic: The Arrival and (Re-)Discovery of
Logic in China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
Rafael Suter
Part IV L ogic Studies in Chinese Communities
25 Logic Studies in Mainland China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511
Guoping Du and Hongguang Wang
Contents ix
26 Logic Studies in Taiwan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525
Zeqiang Wu and Wen-fang Wang
Chinese-English Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541
Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549
Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553
Contributors
Kim-chong Chong Division of Humanities (Philosophy), Hong Kong University
of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
Guoping Du Institute of Philosophy, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,
Beijing, China
Chris Fraser Department of Philosophy, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam,
Hong Kong
Yiu-ming Fung Department of Philosophy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
Jane Geaney Department of Religious Studies, University of Richmond,
Richmond, VA, USA
Chien-hsing Ho Institute of Chinese Literature and Philosophy, Academia Sinica,
Taipei, Taiwan
Lisa Indraccolo Institute of Asian and Oriental Studies, University of Zurich,
Zürich, Switzerland
Xinyan Jiang Department of Philosophy, University of Redlands, CA, USA
Hui Chieh Loy Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences,
National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
Thierry Lucas Institut supérieur de philosophie, Université Catholique de Louvain
(Louvain-la-Neuve), Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Eske Møllgaard Department of Philosophy, University of Rhode Island,
Kingston, RI, USA
Bo Mou Department of Philosophy, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, USA
Rafael Suter Chinese Studies, Institute of Asian and Oriental Studies, University
of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Mingjun Tang School of Philosophy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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