Table Of ContentTHE ARTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Dance on the
Historically Black College
Campus
The Familiar and the Foreign
Wanda K. W. Ebright
The Arts in Higher Education
Series Editor
Nancy Kindelan
Department of Theatre
Northeastern University
Boston, MA, USA
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Wanda K. W. Ebright
Dance on the
Historically Black
College Campus
The Familiar and the Foreign
With Contributions by Gary C. Guffey
Wanda K. W. Ebright
College of Visual and Performing Arts
Winthrop University
Rock Hill, SC, USA
With Contributions by
Gary C. Guffey
Communication Arts
Johnson C. Smith University
Charlotte, NC, USA
The Arts in Higher Education
ISBN 978-3-030-32443-8 ISBN 978-3-030-32444-5 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32444-5
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For my parents, Edward C. and Lillian B. Werner, my brothers, Wendel,
Dereck, and Erik, and my children, Onastasia and Jazz,
thank you for your support.
A
cknowledgements
I would like to gratefully acknowledge the many individuals who have
contributed to this research. I would like to thank the late Dr. Linda
A. Caldwell for her quiet and patient guidance. I would like to thank
Dr. Gary C. Guffey, for his extensive assistance and mentoring regarding
the structure and formatting of the research, both in its original form as
a dissertation and in its subsequent development into a book.
I am also grateful to the current and former dance faculty at
University of Memphis, Florida State University, and Texas Woman’s
University, for their respective roles in my development as both artist and
scholar. I thank the members of my doctoral cohort at Texas Woman’s
University and my Texas family, Mike and Lana Cruse. Finally, I honor
here my South Carolina support system: Donna and Steve Guerra,
Patricia and Patrick Lynch, Shannon Lea Jones and Sean Crews, Karen
and Bill Gordon, Susan and Kyle Whitler, Mary and Mark Krekeler,
Cindy Marsh, Deci Ruiz, Tammy Terry and Brian Mayfield, Molly and
Mark Cybowski, Carilyn Booker and Greg Wieland, Melanie and David
Sills, and Catherine and Dave Foerster.
vii
c
ontents
1 Introduction: Starting from Scratch 1
The Researcher’s Voice 3
Research Organization 7
Works Cited 8
2 Method for Data Collection 9
School Selection 10
Data Gathering 11
Analysis of Data 14
Work Cited 16
3 History of Historically Black Colleges and Universities 17
The Beginnings of the HBCU 20
Leadership Challenges 24
The Rise of Agricultural and Engineering Schools: Land-Grant
Status 26
Jim Crow Laws 27
Differing Ideologies: Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois 29
Differing Ideologies Emerging in the Twentieth Century 33
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
(NAACP) 33
ix
x CONTENTS
United Negro College Fund (UNCF) 34
Debates Between UNCF and NAACP: Separate but Equal? 36
The Current Role of the HBCU 38
Works Cited 46
4 The Familiar and the Foreign 51
The Foreign: Connections to the African Diaspora 52
Works Cited 58
5 The Five Subject Schools 59
Johnson C. Smith University 61
Archival Data 61
Library Holdings 66
Social Media Presence 68
North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University 71
Archival Data 73
Library Holdings 76
Social Media Presence 78
Benedict College 80
Archival Data 84
Library Holdings 93
Social Media Presence 94
Savannah State University 96
Archival Data 96
Library Holdings 98
Social Media Presence 99
Spelman College 100
Archival Data 103
Library Holdings 104
Social Media Presence 104
General Similarities 107
Works Cited 113
6 Conclusion 117
The HBCU Dance Experience 118
Dance as Shared Presence 119
Applications from the Data 122
CONTENTS xi
Future Dance Curricula: Integrated African Values 122
Reintegrating Cultural Knowledge for Dance Students
of Color 124
Reconsidering Dance Curricula 124
Connecting to Heritage 125
A Mission-Centered Curriculum 126
Concluding Remarks 127
Works Cited 129
Index 131
