Damaging Effects of Weapons and Ammunition

352 Pages·2022·26.492 MB·English

by  Igor A. Balagansky

DamagingEffectsofWeapons
and Ammunition

Damaging Effects of Weapons
and Ammunition
Igor A. Balagansky
Novosibirsk State Technical University
Russia
Thiseditionfirstpublished2022
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Balagansky,I.A.(IgorAndreevich),1952–author.
Title:Damagingeffectsofweaponsandammunition/IgorA.Balagansky.
Description:Hoboken,NJ:Wiley,[2022]|Includesbibliographical
referencesandindex.
Identifiers:LCCN2022001002(print)|LCCN2022001003(ebook)|ISBN
9781119779537(cloth)|ISBN9781119779544(adobepdf)|ISBN
9781119779551(epub)
Subjects:LCSH:Ammunition–Evaluation.|Explosives,Military–Evaluation.
|Ballistics.
Classification:LCCUF700.B352022 (print)|LCCUF700 (ebook)|DDC
623.4–dc23/eng/20220214
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Dedicated
to
MyTeachers

vii
Contents
Preface xv
I Introduction 1
I.1 AmmunitionTypesandCharacteristicsofTheirDamagingEffect 1
I.1.1 BasicConceptsandDefinitions 1
I.1.2 TypesofAmmunitionandTheirDamagingEffects 2
I.2 GeneralizedCharacteristicsoftheDamagingEffect 3
I.2.1 DegreesofDamage 3
I.2.2 ContactandRemoteAmmunition 4
I.2.3 GeneralizedCharacteristicsofContactAmmunition 4
I.2.4 TheAccumulationofDamage 5
I.2.5 GeneralizedCharacteristicsoftheDamagingEffectofRemote
Ammunition 6
I.2.6 SpecifiedZoneofTargetDamage 8
I.3 EvaluationoftheEffectivenessofShooting 9
I.3.1 TheConceptsofCombatEffectivenessofWeapons 9
I.3.2 ClassificationofTargets,TypicalEfficiencyIndicators 9
I.3.3 DispersionDuringShooting 10
I.3.4 SchemeofTwoGroupsofErrors 12
I.3.5 ProbabilityofDamagingaSingleTarget 14
I.3.5.1 DamagingtheTargetwithaSingleShot 14
I.3.5.2 DamagingtheTargetwithMultipleShots 16
I.3.6 EvaluationoftheEffectivenessofFiringonaGroupTarget 18
I.3.7 EvaluationoftheEffectivenessofFiringatAreaTarget 21
I.3.7.1 FractionofDamageUwithOneShot 22
I.3.7.2 DeterminingtheAverageDamageFractionatMultipleShots 29
I.4 Self-assessmentQuestions 29
References 30
viii Contents
1 FragmentationAmmunitions 31
1.1 BasicConceptsandDefinitions.GeneralInformation 31
1.1.1 ClassificationofFragmentationAmmunition 31
1.1.2 High-explosiveFragmentationProjectilesofFieldArtillery 32
1.1.3 BriefDescriptionofOtherClassesofFragmentationAmmunition 35
1.2 TheMechanicsofHigh-speedDeformationandDestructionofShells
UndertheActionofanExplosion 38
1.3 ModelingtheProcessesofExplosiveFragmentationofShellsUsing
StandardSamples 46
1.3.1 TheBasicTheoremoftheDimensionalTheory 46
1.3.2 DimensionalAnalysisforFragmentationProcesses 47
1.3.2.1 ChemicalComposition 47
1.3.2.2 GrainSize 47
1.3.3 RatiosfortheTotalNumberofFragments 49
1.3.4 StandardFragmentationCylinders 50
1.3.5 TheMainGradesofFragmentationSteels 53
1.3.5.1 GroupofCarbonSteels 53
1.3.5.2 SiliceousSteels 54
1.3.5.3 СhromicSteels 54
1.3.5.4 Silicon–ManganeseSteels 54
1.3.6 ProspectsofUsingManganeseAusteniticSteelstoImprove
FragmentationQuality 54
1.4 StatisticalModelsoftheFragmentFieldsandtheFragment
Spectra 57
1.4.1 FieldsofFragmentDispersion,MethodsofControllingtheFieldsof
Dispersion 57
1.4.2 LawsofFragmentDistributionbyMass 63
1.4.2.1 NumericalDistributions 63
1.4.2.2 MassDistributions 65
1.4.3 AnalyticalRepresentationofFragmentDistributionLaws 66
1.4.3.1 WeibullDistribution 66
1.4.3.2 TheMottLaw 67
1.4.4 DistributionofFragmentsbyShape 67
1.5 ExternalBallisticsofFragments 68
1.6 KindsoftheDamagingEffectofFragments 71
1.6.1 IgnitionEffectofFragments 72
1.6.2 InitiatingActionofFragments 73
1.6.3 EffectsofaDenseFlowofFragments 73
1.7 LawsofTargetDamagewithFragments 73
1.8 SpecifiedZoneofTargetDamagewithFragmentationMunitions 77
1.8.1 TheAreaoftheSpecifiedZone 77