Table Of ContentDAIRY IN HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASE
ACROSS THE LIFESPAN
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DAIRY IN HUMAN
HEALTH AND
DISEASE ACROSS
THE LIFESPAN
Edited by
Ronald Ross Watson
University of Arizona, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, and School of Medicine,
Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, AZ, United States
Robert J. Collier
William Packer Agricultural Research Complex, Tucson, AZ, United States
Victor R. Preedy
Department of Dietetics, King’s College, London, United Kingdom
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Contents
List of Contributors ...................................................................................................................................xiii
Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................................xv
I MILK AND ITS COMPONENTS IN INFANT AND CHILDHOOD
NUTRITION FOR IMPROVED HEALTH
1. Health Benefits of Bovine Colostrum in Children and Adults
HARPAL S. BUTTAR, SIDDHI M. BAGWE, SUKHWINDER K. BHULLAR AND GINPREET KAUR
Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................................................3
Historical Perspectives Regarding the Purported Indications of Colostrum ...................................................................................................4
Ayurvedic Therapies Reported About Colostrum ...........................................................................................................................................5
Integral Components of Colostrum ..................................................................................................................................................................5
Quantity of Immunoglobulins Present in BC ..................................................................................................................................................6
Quantity of Fat-Soluble Vitamins Present in BC ............................................................................................................................................6
Comparative Amounts of Natural Ingredients Present in Human, Cow, Buffalo, and Goat Milks ..............................................................6
Therapeutic Applications of Colostrum ...........................................................................................................................................................6
Benefits of Tryptophan in Children and Adults ..............................................................................................................................................6
Immunity-Related Disorders and Allergy .......................................................................................................................................................10
Cardiovascular Disorders .................................................................................................................................................................................10
Cerebral Ischemia ...........................................................................................................................................................................................10
Antiinflammatory Effect .................................................................................................................................................................................11
Microbial Infections ........................................................................................................................................................................................11
Suppression of HIV Infection .........................................................................................................................................................................12
Weight Loss and Fitness Programs .................................................................................................................................................................12
Diabetes and Wound Healing .........................................................................................................................................................................13
Leaky Gut Syndrome ......................................................................................................................................................................................13
Bovine Colostrum for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease .........................................................................................................14
Cancer Therapy Applications of Molecules and Compounds Isolated From Bovine Colostrum and Milk ................................................14
Polyamines-Induced Cellular Differentiation and Growth ...........................................................................................................................15
Collection of Bovine Colostrum ....................................................................................................................................................................15
Manufacturing of Colostrum and Its Industrial Application .........................................................................................................................15
Conclusions .....................................................................................................................................................................................................16
References ........................................................................................................................................................................................................16
Further Reading ...............................................................................................................................................................................................20
2. Role of MFG-E8 in Neonatal Inflammation
MONOWAR AZIZ, LAURA W. HANSEN, JOSE M. PRINCE AND PING WANG
Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................................................21
MFG-E8: A Brief Synopsis .............................................................................................................................................................................22
Role of MFG-E8 in Intestinal Immune Cell Development ..........................................................................................................................23
Neonatal Inflammatory Diseases: Role of MFG-E8 .......................................................................................................................................24
Concluding Remarks .......................................................................................................................................................................................27
Acknowledgments ...........................................................................................................................................................................................28
References ........................................................................................................................................................................................................28
Further Reading ...............................................................................................................................................................................................30
v
vi CONTENTS
3. Impact of Bovine Milk Whey Proteins and Peptides on Gastrointestinal,
Immune, and Other Systems
VALDEMIRO C. SGARBIERI
Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................................................31
Milk Whey Proteins and Peptides—General Physicochemical Properties ...................................................................................................33
Bioactivities and Functional Properties: Implications in Health and Diseases ............................................................................................34
Final Considerations and Future Perspective .................................................................................................................................................49
Acknowledgment ............................................................................................................................................................................................50
References ........................................................................................................................................................................................................50
4. The Role of Fats in Milk and Dairy Products in Nutrition and Health from
Infancy to Adulthood
CLAUDIO GALLI AND PATRIZIA RISÉ
Milk .................................................................................................................................................................................................................57
Dairy Products .................................................................................................................................................................................................63
Functional Effects of Milk and Its Derivatives ..............................................................................................................................................65
References ........................................................................................................................................................................................................70
Further Reading ...............................................................................................................................................................................................72
5. Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Health Promotion Through the Gut Microbiome
PAMELA THOMSON AND DANIEL GARRIDO
Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................................................73
Structural Diversity of HMO ..........................................................................................................................................................................74
Infant Gut Microbiome Assembly ..................................................................................................................................................................75
Prebiotic Effect of HMO on the Gut Microbiome ........................................................................................................................................75
Molecular Strategies for HMO Utilization ....................................................................................................................................................76
Other Physiological Effects of HMO ..............................................................................................................................................................80
Prebiotic Role of Other Milk Glycoconjugates .............................................................................................................................................81
Dairy Infant Formula to Replicate the Biological Effect of Breast Milk ......................................................................................................82
Conclusions and Future Directions ................................................................................................................................................................83
Acknowledgments ...........................................................................................................................................................................................83
References ........................................................................................................................................................................................................83
6. Dairy Products and Obesity in Children and Adolescents
SANDRA ABREU
Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................................................87
Epidemiological Evidence of How Dairy Product Intake Affects Body Weight and Body Fat ....................................................................88
Proposed Mechanisms of Dairy Components on Body Weight and Body Fat Regulation...........................................................................99
Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................................................................................102
References ......................................................................................................................................................................................................102
7. World Milk Production and Socio-Economic Factors Effecting Its Consumption
ANA KAPAJ AND EDA DECI
World Milk Production, Facts and Numbers ...............................................................................................................................................107
Milk Processing .............................................................................................................................................................................................108
General Information About the Dairy Market ............................................................................................................................................110
Milk Consumption and Factors That Influence It .......................................................................................................................................112
References ......................................................................................................................................................................................................114
Further Reading .............................................................................................................................................................................................115
CONTENTS vii
8. The Benefits of Alpha-Lactalbumin in Early Childhood
WOLFRAM M. BRÜCK
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................117
The Activity of Bioactive Peptides of Alpha-Lactalbumin Origin .............................................................................................................119
The Nutritional and Physiologic Significance of Alpha-Lactalbumin–Enriched Infant Formula .............................................................120
Potential Roles of Alpha-Lactalbumin in the Infant Gastrointestinal Tract .............................................................................................122
Conclusions ...................................................................................................................................................................................................123
References ......................................................................................................................................................................................................123
9. Foodborne Pathogens in Milk and Dairy Products: Genetic Characterization
and Rapid Diagnostic Approach for Food Safety of Public Health Importance
IRSHAD M. SULAIMAN AND YING-HSIN HSIEH
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................127
Bacterial Pathogens and the Methods for Detection and Identification ....................................................................................................129
Fungi and Mold Contamination and Detection ..........................................................................................................................................135
Protozoan Parasite Contamination and Their Detection ............................................................................................................................136
Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................................................................................136
Disclaimer ......................................................................................................................................................................................................137
References ......................................................................................................................................................................................................137
10. Using Fortified Milk as a Vehicle for Nutrients: From Infancy to Senescence
BAHAREH NIKOOYEH AND TIRANG R. NEYESTANI
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................145
Fortification of Mother’s Milk ......................................................................................................................................................................145
Milk Fortification to Combat Micronutrient Deficiencies ..........................................................................................................................146
Milk Fortification for Health Promotion: Pre- and Probiotics ....................................................................................................................149
Biofortification of Milk .................................................................................................................................................................................150
Concluding Remarks .....................................................................................................................................................................................150
References ......................................................................................................................................................................................................151
11. Cow’s Milk Consumption and Child Growth
ANDREA S. WILEY
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................155
Studies of Milk Consumption and Growth in Height ................................................................................................................................155
Milk Consumption During Pregnancy and Prenatal Growth .....................................................................................................................156
Infants ............................................................................................................................................................................................................157
Preschool Age Children ................................................................................................................................................................................157
Prepubertal Children (5–11 Years) ...............................................................................................................................................................158
Adolescents (12–18 Years) ...........................................................................................................................................................................159
Age at Menarche ..........................................................................................................................................................................................160
Mechanisms Linking Cow’s Milk Consumption to Child Growth and Maturation ..................................................................................161
Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................................................................................163
References ......................................................................................................................................................................................................163
II MACRO COMPONENTS AND NUTRIENTS IN DAIRY AND THEIR
IMPLICATIONS FOR HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASE IN YOUNG ADULTS
12. The Relevance of Biogenic Amines in Dairy Products
LUANA M. PERIN AND LUÍS A. NERO
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................169
Biogenic Amines ...........................................................................................................................................................................................169
The Role of Milk and Dairy Products in Biogenic Amines Production .....................................................................................................172
viii CONTENTS
Impacts of Biogenic Amines in Consumers .................................................................................................................................................176
Control of Biogenic Amines Production in Milk and Dairy Products .......................................................................................................178
Final Remarks ................................................................................................................................................................................................180
Acknowledgments .........................................................................................................................................................................................180
References ......................................................................................................................................................................................................180
13. Benefits of Lactobacillus helveticus Fermented Milk in Sports and Health
MASAYO IWASA AND WATARU AOI
General Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................................183
Characteristics of Lactobacillus Fermented Milk ..........................................................................................................................................183
Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage ................................................................................................................................................................185
Impaired Insulin Sensitivity After Muscle-Damaging Exercise ...................................................................................................................186
Fermented Milk and Muscle Damage After Exercise ..................................................................................................................................188
Milk Casein Hydrolysate and Muscle Damage After Exercise ....................................................................................................................190
Perspectives ...................................................................................................................................................................................................191
Acknowledgments .........................................................................................................................................................................................191
References ......................................................................................................................................................................................................191
14. Whey Protein and Diabetes
LINDA E. WATSON, TONGZHI WU, MICHAEL HOROWITZ AND CHRISTOPHER K. RAYNER
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................197
Nature of Whey Protein ...............................................................................................................................................................................197
Whey and Appetite Regulation....................................................................................................................................................................198
Mechanisms by Which Whey Can Reduce Postprandial Glycemia ...........................................................................................................200
Issues to be Considered for Glycemic Control With Whey Protein ..........................................................................................................204
Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................................................................................205
Acknowledgments .........................................................................................................................................................................................205
Conflicts of Interest ......................................................................................................................................................................................206
References ......................................................................................................................................................................................................206
15. B Vitamins in Cow Milk: Their Relevance to Human Health
BENOÎT GRAULET AND CHRISTIANE L. GIRARD
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................211
B Vitamins .....................................................................................................................................................................................................211
Insufficient Intakes in Humans .....................................................................................................................................................................213
B Vitamins in Human Nutrition ..................................................................................................................................................................216
References ......................................................................................................................................................................................................222
16. Fermented Dairy Foods and Cardiovascular Risk
PAUL NESTEL
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................225
Dairy Foods and Cardiovascular Disease; Focus Includes Fermented Dairy ...............................................................................................226
Conclusions ...................................................................................................................................................................................................228
References ......................................................................................................................................................................................................228
III MILK AND ITS PRODUCTS IN HUMAN SENIOR HEALTH
AND DISEASE POST MENOPAUSE AND SENIORS
17. Bioactive Lipids in Dairy Fat
LARS I. HELLGREN AND PERNILLE NORDBY
Lipids in Milk ................................................................................................................................................................................................233
Acknowledgment ..........................................................................................................................................................................................236
References ......................................................................................................................................................................................................236
CONTENTS ix
18. Effect of Milk and Dairy Products on the Components of Metabolic Syndrome
BRUNA M. SCAVUZZI, LUCIA H. DA SILVA MIGLIORANZA, MARCELL A.B. LOVOZOY, ANDRÉA N.C. SIMÃO
AND ISAIAS DICHI
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................239
Metabolic Syndrome .....................................................................................................................................................................................240
Obesity ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................241
Glucose Homeostasis .....................................................................................................................................................................................242
Hypertension .................................................................................................................................................................................................243
Lipid Profile ...................................................................................................................................................................................................244
Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers ................................................................................................................................................245
Final Considerations .....................................................................................................................................................................................245
Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................................................................................245
References ......................................................................................................................................................................................................245
19. Recent Advances in Dairy Ingredients and Cardiovascular Diseases With Special
Reference to Milk Fat Components
JAVIER FONTECHA AND MANUELA JUÁREZ
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................251
Dairy Proteins and Cardiovascular Disease ..................................................................................................................................................252
Milk Minerals and Cardiovascular Disease ..................................................................................................................................................253
Milk Fat and Cardiovascular Disease ...........................................................................................................................................................254
Milk Fatty Acid Composition ......................................................................................................................................................................254
Milk Saturated Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease .............................................................................................................................254
Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Cardiovascular Disease ...............................................................................................................................255
Trans Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease .............................................................................................................................................255
Phospholipids and Cardiovascular Disease ...................................................................................................................................................256
Milk and Dairy Products and Cardiovascular Risk ......................................................................................................................................256
Final Considerations .....................................................................................................................................................................................259
References ......................................................................................................................................................................................................259
20. Does Dairy Food Have Effects on Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiometabolic Risk?
JOCELYNE R. BENATAR
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................263
Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................................................................................267
References ......................................................................................................................................................................................................268
21. Dairy Consumption and Age-Related Vascular Dysfunction
DANIEL R. MACHIN AND HIROFUMI TANAKA
Dairy Consumption and Cardiovascular Disease .........................................................................................................................................273
Hypotensive Effects of Dairy Products .........................................................................................................................................................273
Impact of Dairy Consumption on Central Arteries .....................................................................................................................................276
Impact of Dairy Consumption on Vascular Endothelial Function ..............................................................................................................280
Dairy Intake and Type 2 Diabetes ................................................................................................................................................................281
References ......................................................................................................................................................................................................283
22. Milk and Fermented Milk Products in Alleviation of Aging Pathophysiology
RAJEEV KAPILA, ROHIT SHARMA AND SUMAN KAPILA
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................287
Milk and Its Bioactive Components ............................................................................................................................................................288
Role of Milk Bioactive Components in Healthy Aging ..............................................................................................................................288
Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................................................................................291
References ......................................................................................................................................................................................................291
