Cytology: Diagnostic Principles and Clinical Correlates

1537 Pages·2014·38.05 MB·English

by  Edmund S. Cibas MD

Cytology
Diagnostic Principles and Clinical
Correlates
FOURTH EDITION
Edmund S. Cibas, MD
Professor of Pathology, Harvard Medical School
Director of Cytopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Barbara S. Ducatman, MD
Professor and Chair, Department of Pathology
Director, West Virginia University National Center of Excellence for Women’s
Health
Associate Dean for Faculty Services, West Virginia University School of
Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
Table of Contents
Instructions for online access
Cover image
Title page
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1: Cervical and Vaginal Cytology
History of the Papanicolaou Test and Its Current Practice
Sampling and Preparation Methods
Automated Screening
Accuracy and Reproducibility
Diagnostic Terminology and Reporting Systems
The Bethesda System
The Normal Pap
Organisms and Infections
Benign and Reactive Changes
Vaginal Specimens in “DES Daughters”
Squamous Abnormalities
Glandular Abnormalities
Other Malignant Neoplasms
Endometrial Cells in Women Older than 40 Years of Age
Chapter 2: Respiratory Tract and Mediastinum
Normal Anatomy, Histology, and Cytology of the Respiratory Tract
Sampling Techniques, Preparation Methods, Reporting Terminology, and Accuracy
Molecular Testing of Lung Cancers
Benign Cellular Changes
Noncellular Elements and Specimen Contaminants
Infections
Nonneoplastic, Noninfectious Pulmonary Diseases
Benign Neoplasms of the Lung
Precursor Lesions of the Respiratory Epithelium
Lung Cancer
Uncommon Pulmonary Tumors
Metastatic Cancers to the Lung
Tumors of the Mediastinum
Chapter 3: Urine and Bladder Washings
Specimen Collection
Processing
Reporting Terminology and Adequacy Criteria
Accuracy
Normal Elements
Benign Lesions
Urothelial Neoplasms
Other Malignant Lesions
Diagnosing Difficult or Borderline Specimens: Common Patterns
Ancillary Techniques
Summary
Chapter 4: Pleural, Pericardial, and Peritoneal Fluids
Specimen Collection, Preparation, and Reporting Terminology
Accuracy
Benign Elements
NonNeoplastic Conditions
Eosinophilic Effusions
Malignant Effusions
Chapter 5: Peritoneal Washings
Specimen Collection, Preparation, and Reporting Terminology
Accuracy
The Normal Peritoneal Washing
Benign Conditions
Malignant Tumors
Monitoring Response to Treatment (‘Second-Look Procedures’)
Chapter 6: Cerebrospinal Fluid
Anatomy and Physiology
Obtaining and Preparing the Specimen
Reporting Terminology
Accuracy
Normal Elements
Abnormal Inflammatory Cells
NonNeoplastic Disorders
Neoplasms
Chapter 7: Gastrointestinal Tract
Clinical Indications
Sample Collection and Processing
Accuracy
Review of Morphologic Findings
Esophagus
Stomach
Duodenum
Colon
The Anal Pap Test
Chapter 8: Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Technique and Specimen Handling
Introduction
Materials and Supplies
Procedure for Performing a Fine-Needle Aspiration of a Palpable Mass
Preparing the Sample
Post-Procedure Information for the Patient
Variations on Biopsy Technique
Complications
Management of Adverse and Unexpected Events
Acknowledgements
Chapter 9: Breast
Specimen Types
Reporting Terminology
Evaluation of the Specimen
The Normal Breast
Benign Conditions
Papillary Neoplasms
Phyllodes Tumor
Breast Cancer
Uncommon Breast Tumors
Metastatic Tumors
Chapter 10: Thyroid
Aspiration Technique and Slide Preparation
Terminology for Reporting Results
Accuracy
Ancillary Molecular Testing
Evaluation of the Specimen
Benign Conditions
Suspicious for a Follicular Neoplasm
Suspicious for a Follicular Neoplasm, Hürthle Cell Type
Malignant Conditions
Atypia of Undetermined Significance (or Follicular Lesion of Undetermined Significance)
Parathyroid Tumors
Chapter 11: Salivary Gland
Rationale, Indications, and Technical Considerations
Diagnostic Overview
The Normal Aspirate
NonNeoplastic Conditions
Benign Neoplasms
Carcinomas of Salivary Gland Origin
Rare Malignant Neoplasms
Other Malignancies
Miscellaneous
Chapter 12: Lymph Nodes
Technical Aspects
Reporting Terminology and Accuracy
Ancillary Studies
NonNeoplastic Lesions
Neoplasms
Chapter 13: Liver
The Normal Liver
Infections
Benign Lesions
Malignant Tumors
Chapter 14: Pancreas and Biliary Tree
Indications
Sampling Techniques
Complications
Rapid On-Site Evaluation
Sample Preparation and Cyst Fluid Analysis
Accuracy and Limitations
Reporting Terminology
Normal Pancreas and Bile Duct
Pancreatitis and Reactive Changes
Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Variants of Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor
Acinar Cell Carcinoma
Solid-Pseudopapillary Neoplasm
Pancreatoblastoma
Pancreatic Cysts
Secondary Pancreatic Neoplasms and Ectopic Splenic Tissue
Chapter 15: Kidney and Adrenal Gland
The Kidney
The Adrenal Gland
Chapter 16: Ovary
Obtaining the Specimen
Preparing the Specimen and Reporting Results
Accuracy
Benign Tumorlike Lesions of the Ovary
Benign Surface Epithelial-Stromal Tumors
Malignant Surface Epithelial-Stromal Tumors
Germ Cell Tumors
Sex Cord–Stromal Tumors
Uncommon Primary Ovarian Tumors
Metastatic Tumors
Chapter 17: Soft Tissue
Specimen Collection and Preparation
Ancillary Studies
Reporting Terminology
Adipocytic and Lipogenic Neoplasms
Myxoid Neoplasms
Spindle Cell Neoplasms
So-Called Fibrohistiocytic Neoplasms
Round Cell Neoplasms
Epithelioid Neoplasms
Pleomorphic Neoplasms