Cytokines of the Lung

661 Pages·1993·137.122 MB·English

by  Jason Kelley

CYTOKINES OF
THE LUNG
LUNG BIOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
Executive Editor
Claude Lenfant
Director, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, Maryland
1. Immunologic and Infectious Reactions in the Lung, edited by Charles H.
Kirkpatrick and Herbert Y. Reynolds
2. The Biochemical Basis of Pulmonary Function, edited by Ronald G.
Crystal
3. Bioengineering Aspects of the Lung, edited by John B. West
4. Metabolic Functions of the Lung, edited by Y. S. Bakhle and John R.
Vane
5. Respiratory Defense Mechanisms (in two parts), edited by Joseph D.
Brain, Donald F. Proctor, and Lynne M. Reid
6. Development of the Lung, edited by W. Alan Hodson
7. Lung Water and Solute Exchange, edited by Norman C. Staub
8. Extrapulmonary Manifestations of Respiratory Disease, edited by
Eugene Debs Robin
9. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, edited by Thomas L. Petty
10. Pathogenesis and Therapy of Lung Cancer, edited by Curtis C. Harris
11 . Genetic Determinants of Pulmonary Disease, edited by Stephen D.
Litwin
12. The Lung in the Transition Between Health and Disease, edited by Peter
T. Macklem and So/bert Permutt
13. Evolution of Respiratory Processes: A Comparative Approach, edited
by Stephen C. Wood and Claude Lenfant
14. Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, edited by Kenneth M. Moser
15. Physiology and Pharmacology of the Airways, edited by Jay A. Nadel
16. Diagnostic Techniques in Pulmonary Disease (in two parts), edited by
Marvin A. Sackner
17. Regulation of Breathing (in two parts), edited by Thomas F. Hornbein
18. Occupational Lung Diseases: Research Approaches and Methods,
edited by Hans Weill and Margaret Turner-Warwick
19. lmmunopharmacology of the Lung, edited by Harold H. Newball
20. Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Diseases of the Lung, edited by
Barry L. Fanburg
21. Sleep and Breathing, edited by Nicholas A. Saunders and Colin E.
Sullivan
22. Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treat
ment, edited by Lowell S. Young
23. Pulmonary Nuclear Medicine: Techniques in Diagnosis of Lung Disease,
edited by Harold L. Atkins
24. Acute Respiratory Failure, edited by Warren M. Zapol and Konrad J.
Falke
25. Gas Mixing and Distribution in the Lung, edited by Ludwig A. Engel and
Manuel Paiva
26. High-Frequency Ventilation in Intensive Care and During Surgery, edited
by Graziano Carlon and WilliamS. Howland
27. Pulmonary Development: Transition from Intrauterine to Extrauterine
Life, edited by George H. Nelson
28. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Second Edition, Revised and
Expanded, edited by Thomas L. Petty
29. The Thorax (in two parts), edited by Charis Roussos and Peter T.
Macklem
30. The Pleura in Health and Disease, edited by Jacques Chretien, Jean
Bignon, and Albert Hirsch
31. Drug Therapy for Asthma: Research and Clinical Practice, edited by
John W. Jenne and Shirley Murphy
32. Pulmonary Endothelium in Health and Disease, edited by Una S. Ryan
33. The Airways: Neural Control in Health and Disease, edited by Michael
A. Kaliner and Peter J. Barnes
34. Pathophysiology and Treatment of Inhalation Injuries, edited by Jacob
Loke
35. Respiratory Function of the Upper Airway, edited by Oommen P.
Mathew and Giuseppe Sant'Ambrogio
36. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Behavioral Perspective,
edited by A. John McSweeny and Igor Grant
37. Biology of Lung Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment, edited by Steven T.
Rosen, James L. Mulshine, Frank Cuttitta, and Paul G. Abrams
38. Pulmonary Vascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, edited by E. Ken
neth Weir and John T. Reeves
39. Comparative Pulmonary Physiology: Current Concepts, edited by Ste
phen C. Wood
40. Respiratory Physiology: An Analytical Approach, edited by H. K. Chang
and Manuel Paiva
41 . Lung Cell Biology, edited by Donald Massaro
42. Heart-Lung Interactions in Health and Disease, edited by Steven M.
Scharf and Sharon S. Cassidy
43. Clinical Epidemiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, edited
by Michael J. Hensley and Nicholas A. Saunders
44. Surgical Pathology of Lung Neoplasms, edited by Alberto M. Mar
chevsky
45. The Lung in Rheumatic Diseases, edited by Grant W. Cannon and Guy
A. Zimmerman
46. Diagnostic Imaging of the Lung, edited by Charles E. Putman
4 7. Models of Lung Disease: Microscopy and Structural Methods, edited
by Joan Gil
48. Electron Microscopy of the Lung, edited by Dean E. Schraufnagel
49. Asthma: Its Pathology and Treatment, edited by Michael A. Kaliner,
Peter J. Barnes, and Carl G. A. Persson
50. Acute Respiratory Failure: Second Edition, edited by Warren M. Zapol
and Francois Lemaire
51 . Lung Disease in the Tropics, edited by Om P. Sharma
52. Exercise: Pulmonary Physiology and Pathophysiology, edited by Brian
J. Whipp and Karlman Wasserman
53. Developmental Neurobiology of Breathing, edited by Gabriel G. Haddad
and Jay P. Farber
54. Mediators of Pulmonary Inflammation, edited by Michael A. Bray and
Wayne H. Anderson
55. The Airway Epithelium, edited by Stephen G. Farmer and Douglas Hay
56. Physiological Adaptations in Vertebrates: Respiration, Circulation, and
Metabolism, edited by Stephen C. Wood, Roy E. Weber, Alan R.
Hargens, and Ronald W. Millard
57. The Bronchial Circulation, edited by John Butler
58. Lung Cancer Differentiation: Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment,
edited by Samuel D. Bernal and Paul J. Hesketh
59. Pulmonary Complications of Systemic Disease, edited by John F.
Murray
60. Lung Vascular Injury: Molecular and Cellular Response, edited by
Arnold Johnson and Thomas J. Ferro
61. Cytokines of the Lung, edited by Jason Kelley
ADDITIONAL VOLUMES IN PREPARATION
The Mast Cell in Health and Disease, edited by Michael A. Kaliner and
Dean Metcalfe
Pulmonary Disease in the Elderly Patient, edited by Donald A. Mahler
CYTOKINES OF
THE LUNG
Edited by
Jason Kelley
University of Vermont
College of Medicine
Burlington, Vermont
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
First published 1993 by Marcel Dekker
Published 2021 by CRC Press
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© 1993 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
ISBN 13: 978-0-8247-8703-5 (hbk)
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Cytokines of the lung I edited by Jason Kelley. - 1st ed.
p. em. -- (Lung biology in health and disease; v. 61)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8247-8703-X (alk. paper)
1. Lungs--Molecular aspects. 2. Cytokines. I. Kelley, Jason.
II. Series.
[DNLM: 1. Cytokines-immunology. 2. Lung--immunology. W1 LU62
v. 61 I WF 600 C997]
QP12l.C97 1992
612.2-dc20
DNLM/DLC
for Library of Congress 92-49726
CIP
INTRODUCTION
"The basis of the body's ability to defend itself against a foreign invader lies in
its ability to recognize and mount an organized offensive"( I). The human body is
a very complex organization made up of thousands of types of cells with a variety
of functions.
Military experts have always known that neither defense nor offense could
happen or succeed without communication. In biology, communications and
interactions between cells are assured by mediators. It has been known for a long
time that lymphocytes and monocytes produce mediator~nce termed lympho
kines and monokines. Along the way, it was recognized that the functions of
these substances are many and that other cells in addition to lymphocytes and
monocytes produce mediators. It was this realization that led Cohen, Ward, and
Bigazzi to coin the word cytokines to describe in a generic fashion all the
mediator substances (2).
Since the term cytokines was first introduced in 1974, an enormous amount
of work has been done to identify and characterize the cytokines and to describe
their function and role in varied circumstances. Particularly conspicuous has
been the study of cytokines in cell-mediated immunity, especially in the lung
inflammatory response to a number of aggressors.
Dr. Jason Kelley has had a long interest in cytokines, focused particularly
iii
iv Introduction
on those produced, and playing a role, in the lung. This volume, Cytokines of the
Lung, presents the state of the art of this exciting and dynamic area of research.
The contributors are basic researchers as well as clinicians. Thus, the volume
serves as a bridge from basic research to clinical relevance. It covers aspects such
as inflammatory cytokines as well as mitogenic cytokines and cytokines that
intervene in lung remodeling. Much has been discovered in this field of cell
cooperation and cell-to-cell signaling; therefore this volume is very timely.
However, as Dr. Kelley recognizes in his preface, the field is progressing very
rapidly. Hence, researchers in the field and interested readers will see this
volume as a milepost along a path, the end of which is not yet known. As the
editor of the series Lung Biology in Health and Disease, I am indebted to Dr.
Kelley and to the contributors for having undertaken the task to tell us where we
are in the understanding of cytokines in the pulmonary processes.
Claude Lenfant, M.D.
Bethesda, Maryland
References
1. Wewers, M. D. and Gadek, J. E. (1991). Proinflammatory Polypeptides. In The
Lung: Scientific Foundations. Edited by R. G. Crystal et al. Raven Press.
2. Cohen, S., Ward, P. A., and Bigazzi, P. E. (1974). Cell Cooperation in Cell
Mediated Immunity. In Mechanisms of Cell Mediated Immunity. Edited by R. J.
McCluskey and S. Cohen. New York, J. Wiley & Sons.
PREFACE
The past decade lias seen remarkable advances in our understanding of cellular
signaling processes. These include the recognition of the molecules involved: the
secreted cytokine proteins, their cell surface receptors, the intracellular signaling
pathways, and the nuclear regulatory elements through which cellular phenotype
is ultimately perturbed.
Today, it seems amazing to consider that a mere decade ago we were still
aware of only a few of these amazing molecules. Consider that 10 years ago it
was still being warmly debated by different camps whether platelet-derived
growth factor (PDGF) and interleukin-1 (IL-l) were the same or distinct entities.
Scholars of mesenchymal cell biology claimed for PDGF a role as a unique
signaling molecule. On the other hand, those with a bent for immunological and
inflammatory processes saw PDGF as merely an aberrant form of IL-l.
The evolving complexity of signal molecule biology has already had
unalterable effects on the study of biology itself. Fortunately, our recognition
that there is a commonality of mechanisms involved in signal transduction has
dissolved barriers between disciplines in the biological sciences. Environmental
biologists, molecular immunologists, and phthisiologists now find themselves
talking the same language.
The formulation of quantum mechanics was said to explain all of chemistry
v