Cyclic Polymers

803 Pages·2002·21.672 MB·English

by  J. Anthony Semlyen (auth.), J. Anthony Semlyen (eds.)

CYCLIC POLYMERS
CYCLIC POLYMERS
(Second edition)
Edited by
J. ANTHONY SEMLYEN
University of York, U.K.
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
NEW YORK, BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW
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CONTENTS
Preface vii
Contributors ix
Contributors Biographies xiii
1 Introduction: Cyclic Polymers-thefirst40years
by J Anthony Semlyen, University of York, UK 1
2 Circular DNA
by AlexanderV Vologodskii,New York University, USA 47
3 Cyclic Peptides
byJohn S Davies, University of Wales, Swansea, UK 85
4 Cyclic Oligosaccharides and Polysaccharides
by Shinichi Kitamura,Kyoto Prefectural University, Japan 125
5 Cyclic Polysiloxanes
by Stephen J Clarson, University of Cincinnati, USA 161
6 Cyclic Oligomers of Polycarbonates and Polyesters
by Daniel J Brunelle, GE Corporate Research and Development,
Schenectady,NY,USA 185
7 Large Crown Ethers, Cyclic Polyethers and Cyclic Block Copolyethers
by Colin Booth and Colin Price, University of Manchester, UK 229
8 Large Cyclic Esters and Ether-Esters
by Barry R Wood and S Caroline Hamilton, University of York, UK 271
9 Cyclomer Technology for High Performance Polymers
by Yong Ding and Allan S Hay,McGill University, Canada 307
10 Organic Cyclic Polymers
by Jacques Roovers,National Research Council, Canada 347
11 Neutron Scattering and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Investigations of
Cyclic Polymers
by Peter C Griffiths, Cardiff University, UK 385
v
vi
12 Rotaxanes
by Harry W Gibson and Eric J Mahan, Virginia Polytechnic Institute
and State University, USA 415
13 Oligomeric and Polymeric Catenanes
by David A Leigh and Richard A Smith, University of Warwick, UK 561
14 Cyclic Inorganic Oligomers and Polymers
by Ionel Haiduc, Universitatea “Babes-Bolyai”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania 601
15 Cyclisation and the Formation, Structure and Properties of Polymer
Networks
by Robert F T Stepto and David J R Taylor, Manchester Materials
Science Centre, UK 699
16 Theoretical Aspects of Cyclic Polymers: Effects of Excluded Volume
Interactions
by Mustapha Benmouna, Institut de Physique et Chimie, Tlemcen,
Algeria and Ulrich Maschke, Université des Sciences et Technologies
de Lille, France 741
PREFACE
The first edition of “Cyclic Polymers” was published by Elsevier Applied
Science Publishers in 1986. It consisted oftenchapters reviewing the advances
that had been made in a new area of Polymer Science, where macromolecules
are based on large ring molecules rather than long chain molecules. There have
been important developments in the subject since then and this second edition of
“Cyclic Polymers” describes many of them in sixteen chapters dealing with
both synthetic and biological cyclic polymers.
In this second edition, some of the developments in cyclic polymer chemistry
over the past forty years are outlined in Chapter 1 and fundamental differences
between the properties of large ring molecules and long chain molecules are
discussed. In the following three chapters, the importance of cyclic structures in
biological macromolecular science is strikingly demonstrated by detailed
reviews of circular DNA, cyclic peptides and cyclic oligosaccharides and
polysaccharides. The preparation and properties of synthetic cyclic polymers
are covered in a series of chapters on cyclic polysiloxanes, large cyclic ethers
and ether-esters and other organic cyclic polymers. The importance of ring-
opening polymerization reactions to produce commercially valuable linear
polymers is emphasised in chapters on cyclic polycarbonates and cyclic
polyesters and on cyclic oligomers used to prepare high performance polymers.
Cyclic inorganic oligomers and polymers are described in a separate chapter. A
fundamental difference between large ring and long chain molecules is the
ability of the rings to form catenanes and rotaxanes and advances in both these
are described in separate chapters in this book. Two techniques that have been
found to be particularly useful for investigating synthetic cyclic polymers are
neutron scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and a chapter is
devoted to outlining the applicability of both these methods. Another chapter
describes the role of cyclization in network formation. Finally, theoretical
aspects ofcyclicpolymerproperties arereviewedinthelast chapterof thebook.
Two aspects of the subject of large ring molecules and cyclic polymers are
especially noteworthy. The first is its multidisciplinary nature, so that cyclic
polymers may be based on organic, inorganic or biological macromolecules and
subjects such as chemistry, physics, biology, materials science, engineering and
computer science are all involved. The second aspect results from the unique
topology of large ring molecules, which has been exploited so effectively by
nature (for example with circular DNA, which supercoils, catenates and forms
permanent knots in different natural living systems).
vii
viii
A most encouraging feature of this new, rapidly developing subject of cyclic
polymers has been the world-wide cooperation it has engendered. The editor of
this book alone has had the privilege of working with over 150 coworkers and
coauthors drawn from five continents. The authors contributing to this book
come from Algeria, Canada, England, France, Japan, Roumania, the United
States of America and Wales. Scientific research is one activity where co-
operation rather than competition can result not only in greater material
achievement but also it can enhance international understanding.
The editor of this book would like to thank all the authors who have contributed
to it so effectively, as well as his coworkers at York, Dr Barry Wood and Dr
Caroline Hamilton, for their dedicated help in its final preparation.
With more and more large ring molecules and cyclic polymers being prepared,
characterised and investigated year by year in biological as well as synthetic
macromolecular systems, the future of the subject of cyclic polymers seems
well assured as we advance into the twentyfirst century.
J Anthony Semlyen
University of York 1999
CONTRIBUTORS
Chapter 1 Dr J A Semlyen
Department of Chemistry
University of York
YorkYO105DD
UK
Chapter 2 Professor Alexander Vologodskii
New York University
Department of Chemistry
New York
NY 10003
USA
Chapter 3 Dr John S Davies
University College Swansea
Department of Chemistry
Singleton Park
Swansea
W Glamorgan SA2 8PP
Wales
Chapter 4 Professor Shinichi Kitamara
Kyoto Prefectural University
Department of Agricultural Chemistry
606 Shimogamo
Kyoto
Japan
Chapter 5 Dr Stephen J Clarson
College of Engineering
644 Baldwin Hall
University of Cincinnati
OH 45221-0018
USA
ix
x
Chapter 6 Dr Daniel J Brunelle
GE Corporate Research & Development
General Electric Company
Bldg CEB, Room 130
PO Box 8
Schnectady
NY 12301
US
Chapter 7 Dr Colin Booth and Professor Colin Price
Department of Chemistry
University of Manchester
Oxford Road
Manchester
M13 9PL
UK
Chapter 8 Dr Barry R Wood and Dr S Caroline Hamilton
Department of Chemistry
University of York
York YO10 5DD
UK
Chapter 9 Professor Allan S Hay and Dr Yong Ding
Department of Chemistry
McGill University
801 Sherbrook St W
Montreal
PQ H3A 2K6
Canada
Chapter 10 Professor Jacques Roovers
Institute for Environmental Chemistry
National Research Council of Canada
Ottawa K1A 0R6
Canada
Chapter 11 Dr Peter C Griffiths
School of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry
University of Wales Cardiff
PO Box 912
Cardiff CF13TB
Wales
xi
Chapter 12 Professor Harry W Gibson and Dr Eric J Mahan
Department of Chemistry
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Blacksburg
VA 24061-0212
USA
Chapter 13 Dr David A Leigh and Mr Richard Smith
Department of Chemistry
University of Warwick
Coventry
CV4 7AL
UK
Chapter 14 Professor Ionel Haiduc
Facultatea de Chimie
Universitatea “Babes-Bolyai”
RO-3400
Cluj-Napoca
Roumania
Chapter 15 Professor R F T Stepto and Dr David J R Taylor
Manchester Materials Science Centre
University of Manchester & UMIST
Grosvenor Street
Manchester
M17HS
UK
Chapter 16 Professor Ulrich Maschke
Laboratoire de Chimie Macromoleculaire
UA-CNRS No 351
Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille
F-59655 Villeneuve d’ Ascq Cedex
France
Professor Mustapha Benmouna
University Aboubakr Belkaid
Institute of Physics
Bel Horizon BP119
13000 Tlemcen
Algeria