Cyclic Inelastic Behavior of Concrete Filled Sandwich Panel Walls Subjected to In-Plane Flexure

436 Pages·2015·17.3 MB·English

ISSN 1520-295X
Cyclic Inelastic Behavior of Concrete Filled
Sandwich Panel Walls Subjected
to In-Plane Flexure
by
Yasser Alzeni and Michel Bruneau
Technical Report MCEER-14-0009
December 19, 2014
This research was conducted at the University of Buff alo, State University of New York, and was supported
primarily by the American Institute of Steel Construction.
NOTICE
This report was prepared by the University at Buffalo, State University of New
York, as a result of research sponsored by the American Institute of Steel Con-
struction. Neither MCEER, associates of MCEER, its sponsors, the University
at Buffalo, State University of New York, nor any person acting on their behalf:
a. makes any warranty, express or implied, with respect to the use of any
information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report or that
such use may not infringe upon privately owned rights; or
b. assumes any liabilities of whatsoever kind with respect to the use of, or the
damage resulting from the use of, any information, apparatus, method, or
process disclosed in this report.
Any opinions, fi ndings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this
publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily refl ect the views
of MCEER or other sponsors.
Cyclic Inelastic Behavior of Concrete Filled Sandwich
Panel Walls Subjected to In-Plane Flexure
by
Yasser Alzeni1 and Michel Bruneau2
Publication Date: December 12, 2014
Submittal Date: August 27, 2014
Technical Report MCEER-14-0009
This research was sponsored by the American Institute of Steel Construction.
1 Graduate Student, Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering,
University at Buffalo, State University of New York
2 Professor, Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Univer-
sity at Buffalo, State University of New York
MCEER
University at Buffalo, State University of New York
212 Ketter Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260
E-mail: [email protected]; Website: http: //mceer.buffalo.edu

Preface
MCEER is a national center of excellence dedicated to the discovery and development of new knowl-
edge, tools and technologies that equip communities to become more disaster resilient in the face of
earthquakes and other extreme events. MCEER accomplishes this through a system of multidisciplinary,
multi-hazard research, in tandem with complimentary education and outreach initiatives.
Headquartered at the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, MCEER was originally
established by the National Science Foundation in 1986, as the fi rst National Center for Earthquake
Engineering Research (NCEER). In 1998, it became known as the Multidisciplinary Center for Earth-
quake Engineering Research (MCEER), from which the current name, MCEER, evolved.
Comprising a consortium of researchers and industry partners from numerous disciplines and institutions
throughout the United States, MCEER’s mission has expanded from its original focus on earthquake
engineering to one which addresses the technical and socio-economic impacts of a variety of hazards,
both natural and man-made, on critical infrastructure, facilities, and society.
The Center derives support from several Federal agencies, including the National Science Foundation,
Federal Highway Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Department of
Homeland Security/Federal Emergency Management Agency, and the State of New York, other state
governments, academic institutions, foreign governments and private industry.
This report presents the results of an experimental and analytical study on the in-plane fl exural inelastic behavior of
concrete fi lled sandwich steel panel walls. Four large scale walls were tested under cyclic loading; the tested walls included
specimens with and without boundary elements, two different spacing of the tie bars, and effectiveness of tie bar connec-
tion details. The tested walls had an aspect ratio larger than two. Ductile performance was achieved by development of
the plastic moment capacity of the cross section. All tested specimens showed stable ductile performance. Finite element
analysis was used to establish models simulating the behavior of the tested specimens and to conduct limited parametric
studies. Based on the experimental and analytical fi ndings, seismic design recommendations were formulated.
iii
iv
ABSTRACT

Research was conducted on concrete filled steel sandwich panel walls (CFSSP-Walls) in order to
investigate the ductility and seismic performance of this structural system under in-plane flexure. The
research focused on walls which have an aspect ratio (height to cross section depth), h/W, over 2, such
that the ductile behavior of the wall is induced by developing the plastic moment capacity of the cross
section, M . Accordingly, an experimental program was executed at the Structural Engineering and
p
Earthquake Simulation Laboratory (SEESL) at the University at Buffalo, followed by analytical
investigation that involved plastic analysis, fiber analysis, and finite element analysis. The experimental
and analytical results were used to develop seismic design recommendations for the CFSSP-Walls.
Previous studies on composite shear walls focused on walls that developed ductile behavior through shear
yielding, with relatively little work available on walls that developed flexural yielding, as reflected in
existing design recommendations in AISC 341-10.
In the experimental program, four CFSSP-Wall specimens were tested under quasi-static cyclic loading
(following the ATC-24 protocols) and had a height to width ratio of 2.5 and 2.72, respectively. These
walls were divided into two groups, namely: Group NB and B. Group NB consisted of walls with no
boundary elements, where the end flanges of the specimens consisted of half round Hollow Steel Sections
(HSS) in order to avoid stress concentration at the corner welds.
Group B specimens had full round HSS at their ends, which served as boundary elements, and again the
two tested walls were different in their S/t ratio, which was taken to be equal to 25.6 in specimen CFSSP-
B1 and 38.4 in specimen CFSSP-B2. Other differences from group B include the fact that specimen
CFSSP-B2 tie bars were fillet welded to the web skin plates (instead of plug welded), and that fiber
concrete was used in that specimen in an attempt to reduce the tension cracks in the concrete at ultimate
behavior.
The four tested specimens were able to attain/exceed the expected plastic moment capacity and were able
to sustain their load capacity up to a drift exceeding 3%, which emphasized the ductile behavior of these
CFSSP-Walls.
The finite element method using ABAQUS 6.10EF2 explicit solver was then used to establish models to
simulate the behavior of the tested walls, and the calibrated models were further used to conduct a limited
v
parametric study to investigate design parameters that were not covered in the experimental program.
This included cases with S/t ratios of 50, D/t equal to 0.076 (E/F ), and finally the use of thicker concrete
y
(taken to be equal to 0.35b instead of 0.2b, where b is the length of the steel web of the CFSSP-Wall).
Finally, the experimental and analytical results were used to develop design recommendations for
CFSSP-B and CFSSP-NB walls, including expressions to limit the S/t and D/t ratios, and an expression to
calculate the required diameter of the tie bars (based on the plastic deformation of the steel skin plate
during local buckling). Simple plastic theory was used to derive expressions to calculate the plastic
moment capacity of CFSSP-NB and CFSSP-B walls.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors thank the staff of the Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory (SEESL)
at the University at Buffalo, and more specifically Mark Pitman, the late Duane Kozlowski, Robert
Staniszewski, and Scott Weinreber, for their valuable contribution to execution of this project.
Sincere thanks also to Mr. Rafael Sabelli (Walter P. Moore Inc.) and Bob Hazelton (Herricks Co.) for
their feedback and technical advice as part of a project advisory panel, as well as to Mr. Tom Schlafly,
AISC Director of Research.
This research project was funded, in part, by the American Institute for Steel Construction (AISC) and by
Egyptian Ministry of Higher Education. This support is sincerely appreciated. However, the opinions
expressed in this report are those of the writers and do not reflect the views of the aforementioned
sponsors.
vii
viii