Table Of ContentCybersecurity and
High-Performance
Computing Environments
Cybersecurity and
High-Performance
Computing Environments
Integrated Innovations, Practices, and Applications
Edited by
Kuan-Ching Li
Nitin Sukhija
Elizabeth Bautista
Jean-Luc Gaudiot
FirstEditionpublished2022
byCRCPress
6000BrokenSoundParkwayNW,Suite300,BocaRaton,FL33487-2742
andbyCRCPress
4ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,Oxon,OX144RN
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
©2022selectionandeditorialmatter,Kuan-ChingLi,NitinSukhija,ElizabethBautista,
andJean-LucGaudiot;individualchapters,thecontributors
Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the
author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the
consequencesoftheiruse.Theauthorsandpublishershaveattemptedtotracethecopyright
holdersofallmaterialreproducedinthispublicationandapologizetocopyrightholdersif
permissiontopublishinthisformhasnotbeenobtained.Ifanycopyrightmaterialhasnot
beenacknowledgedpleasewriteandletusknowsowemayrectifyinanyfuturereprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted,
reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other
means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and
recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission
fromthepublishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, access
www.copyright.comorcontacttheCopyrightClearanceCenter,Inc.(CCC),222Rosewood
Drive,Danvers,MA01923,978-750-8400.ForworksthatarenotavailableonCCCplease
[email protected].
Trademarknotice:Productorcorporatenamesmaybetrademarksorregisteredtrademarks
andareusedonlyforidentificationandexplanationwithoutintenttoinfringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names:Li,Kuan-Ching,editor.|Sukhija,Nitin,editor.|
Bautista,Elizabeth(Computerscientist),editor.|Gaudiot,Jean-Luc,editor.
Title:Cybersecurityandhigh-performancecomputingenvironments:
integratedinnovations,practices,andapplications/editedby
Kuan-ChingLi,NitinSukhija,ElizabethBautista,Jean-LucGaudiot.
Description:Firstedition.|BocaRaton,FL:CRCPress,2022.|
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
Identifiers:LCCN2021049599|ISBN9780367711504(hbk)|
ISBN9780367740368(pbk)|ISBN9781003155799(ebk)
Subjects:LCSH:Highperformancecomputing.|Computersecurity–Data
processing.|Highperformancecomputing–Securitymeasures.
Classification:LCCQA76.88.C932022|DDC004.1/1–dc23/eng/20211213
LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2021049599
ISBN:978-0-367-71150-4(hbk)
ISBN:978-0-367-74036-8(pbk)
ISBN:978-1-003-15579-9(ebk)
DOI:10.1201/9781003155799
TypesetinMinion
bycodeMantra
Contents
PREFACE vii
EDITORS xiii
CONTRIBUTORS xvii
hapter
C 1■ CybersecurityandHigh-PerformanceComputing
Ecosystems: Opportunities and Challenges 1
NitinSukhija,ElizabethBautista,andKunjChampaneri
hapter
C 2■ ApproachestoWorkingwithLarge-ScaleGraphs
for Cybersecurity Applications 31
NoahL.Schrick,MingLi,JohnHale,andPeterJ.Hawrylak
hapter
C 3■ OMNI at the Edge 63
ElizabethBautista,NitinSukhija,MelissaRomanus,
ThomasDavis,andCaryWhitney
hapter
C 4■ OptimizedVoronoi-BasedAlgorithmsforParallel
Shortest Vector Computation 85
ArturMariano,FilipeCabeleira,Lu´ısPauloSantos,
andGabrielFalc˜ao
hapter
C 5■ Attribute-Based Secure Keyword Search for
Cloud Computing 123
HuiYin,YuZhang,FangminLi,andKeqinLi
hapter
C 6■ Understanding Cybersecurity Risk in FMI Using
HPC 151
GurdipKaur,ZibaHabibiLashkari,andArashHabibiLashkari
v
vi ■ Contents
hapter
C 7■ Live Migration in HPC 191
AnilKumarGupta,AmarjeetSharma,AditiPandey,KaustubhPatil,
andSanskarSharma
hapter
C 8■ Security-Aware Real-Time Transmission for
Automotive CAN-FD Networks 229
RuiqiLu,GuoqiXie,JunqiangJiang,RenfaLi,andKeqinLi
hapter
C 9■ OntoEnricher: A Deep Learning Approach for
Ontology Enrichment from Unstructured Text 261
LalitMohanSanagavarapu,VivekIyer,andY.RaghuReddy
hapter
C 10■ Intelligent Connected Vehicles 285
WufeiWu,RyoKurachi,GangZeng,YuhaoWang,
HiroakiTakada,andKeqinLi
hapter
C 11■ Toward Robust Deep Learning Systems against
Deepfake for Digital Forensics 309
HongmeiChiandMingmingPeng
hapter
C 12■ MonitoringHPCSystemsagainstCompromised
SSH 333
LevLafayette,NarendraChinnam,andTimothyRice
Index 355
Preface
In this fast-paced global economy, academia and industry must
innovate to evolve and succeed. Today’s researchers and industry
experts are seeking transformative technologies to meet the challenges
of tomorrow. The cutting-edge technological advances in cybersecurity
solutions aid in enabling the security of complex heterogeneous high-
performance computing environments. On the other hand, high-
performance computing power facilitates powerful and intelligent
innovative models for reducing time to response to identify and resolve
a multitude of potential, newly emerging cyberattacks.
This book provides a collection of the current and emergent
research innovations, practices, and applications focusing on the
interdependence of cybersecurity and high-performance computing
domains for discovering and resolving new emerging cyber-threats.
In the following, we will describe the chapters contained in the
book.
Chapter 1, “Cybersecurity and High-Performance Computing
Ecosystems: Opportunities and Challenges,” by Sukhija et al., focuses
on efective cybersecurity solutions to protect current and emergent
high-performance computing (HPC) ecosystems comprising users,
data, infrastructure, and applications supporting scientifc research.
Although, as we move toward the exascale future and beyond, the
emerging superfacility frameworks are combining the experimental and
observational facilities with high-performance computing centers, the
new convergent computing platforms, along with a paradigm shift
in programming applications leveraging these platforms, increasingly
open the HPC ecosystems to a myriad of security risks. Intending to
reduce the downtime of HPC ecosystems in the presence of unpre-
dictable loads and malicious attacks, this chapter covers cybersecurity
challenges and solutions, which, when combined efectively, will aid in
proactively rearchitecting the current and emergent HPC ecosystems
comprising users, data, infrastructure, and applications to delay or
vii
viii ■ Preface
counteract the scale of malicious attacks and to reduce their impacts
and consequences.
Chapter 2, “Approaches to Working with Large-Scale Graphs for
CyberSecurity Applications,” by Hawrylak et al., covers the graph
techniques useful for compliance violation and cybersecurity attack
prediction in the lens of high-performance computing. Graphs are a
standard tool in cybersecurity evaluation and analytics. First, the au-
thors discuss the attack graphs and dependency graphs, which are two
common approaches in cybersecurity where the analysis of the attack
and dependency graphs describes the system’s security posture, includ-
ing the system’s attack surface. Next, the authors explain the potential
attack scenarios that can be extracted from attack graphs. This chapter
concludes with a survey of techniques useful for handling large-scale
graphs, methodologies, and strategies for increasing the performance
and ends with insights into future needs and directions in this area.
Chapter 3, “OMNI at the Edge,” by Bautista et al., discusses the
high-availability Operations Monitoring and Notifcation Infrastruc-
ture (OMNI) hosted at the Department of Energy’s (DOE) National
Energy Research Scientifc Computing Center (NERSC) and its use
of the state-of-the-art edge computing technologies for collecting,
analyzing, and securing extremely high-volume, continuous 24 × 7
data in near-real-time. The authors then detail how data security is
achieved not only from each staf who owns the data, but also through
various devices and networks. Then, the chapter highlights the internal
and external access policies and the plan to make these data available
to the public for crowdsourcing analysis. Furthermore, the authors
provide use cases that demonstrate how the availability of OMNI
data has benefted the overall NERSC data center from facilities &
machine perspective as well as from a cybersecurity standpoint. Finally,
an outline of ongoing and future work is given, including upgrades
being made to the data warehouse for the upcoming Perlmutter
supercomputer – a system that will be 3–4× the size of ours.
Chapter 4, “Optimized Voronoi-Based Algorithms for Parallel
Shortest Vector Computation,” by Gabriel Falc˜ao et al., addresses
Voronoi cell-based algorithms, solving the shortest vector problem,
a fundamental challenge in lattice-based cryptanalysis. First, the
chapter introduces several optimizations based on pruning to reduce
the original algorithm’s execution time. Then, the authors illustrate
the algorithm’s suitability for parallel execution on both CPUs and
GPUs, where speeds up to 69× are observed. The authors then
Preface ■ ix
demonstrate using a pre-process sorting step, which requires storing
the norm ordered target vectors and signifcantly more memory, where
speedup increases to 77×. Finally, the chapter concludes by optimizing
the algorithm that exhibits linear scalability on a CPU with up to
28 threads and keeps scaling, at a lower rate, with simultaneous
multithreading up to 56 threads.
Chapter 5, “Attribute-Based Secure Keyword Search for Cloud
Computing,” by Hui Yin et al., presents the attribute-based keyword
search (ABKS) that provides the feasibility to simultaneously achieve
data searching and fne-grained access control over encrypted data,
which is applied to the cloud computing environment characterized by
data storage and sharing. In this chapter, the authors frst introduce
the fundamental techniques for achieving the ABKS scheme, such as
the necessary components used in the attributed-based encryption.
Then, by several existing ABKS schemes, the authors describe how
to design a practical and efcient ABKS construction in the cloud
computing environment. Further, the authors show some interesting
experimental results to explain the key factors afecting the search
complexity in ABKS schemes and present some ideas to design an
efcient and high-performance ABKS scheme.
Chapter 6, “Understanding Cybersecurity Risk in FMI Using
HPC,” by Gurdip Kaur et al., examines the importance of the fnancial
market infrastructure and elaborates its essential components used to
handle fnancial transactions and their security. The chapter explores
high-performance computing (HPC) and its integration to FMIs to
transform the fnancial industry by speeding up fnancial activities
in the business and reducing fraudulent transactions. Moreover, the
authors provide a descriptive and visual mapping of fnancial risks with
identifed cybersecurity issues. The chapter concludes by detailing the
cybersecurity risks faced by FMIs with comprehensive details on risk
assessment, analysis, monitoring, reporting, and mitigation.
Chapter 7, “Live Migration in HPC,” by Anil Kumar Gupta
et al., presents the basics of live migration and its needs, applications,
security aspects, and role in HPC (high-performance computing) and
then proceeds with discussing two of the live migration approaches –
live virtual machine (VM) migration and live container migration.
Next, the authors discuss the challenges in this approach and then
review the security aspects. The authors detail the second approach,
live container migration, followed by understanding the performance
measures and issues and comparative analysis of the two methods.
