Table Of Contentl i b r a r y o f n e w t e s t a m e n t s t u d i e s
The CurSed
ChriST
Mediterranean expulsion rituals and
Pauline Soteriology
B. Hudson M Lean
c
JOURNAL FOR THE STUDY OF THE NEW TESTAMENT
SUPPLEMENT SERIES
126
Executive Editor
Stanley E. Porter
Editorial Board
Richard Bauckham, David Catchpole, R. Alan Culpepper,
Margaret Davies, James D.G. Dunn, Craig A. Evans, Stephen Fowl,
Robert Fowler, Robert Jewett, Elizabeth Struthers Malbon
Sheffield Academic Press
The Cursed Christ
Mediterranean Expulsion Rituals
and Pauline Soteriology
B. Hudson McLean
Journal for the Study of the New Testament
Supplement Series 126
To Bill
Copyright © 1996 Sheffield Academic Press
Published by Sheffield Academic Press Ltd
Mansion House
19KingfieldRoad
Sheffield SI 19AS
England
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available
from the British Library
EISBN 9781850755890
CONTENTS
Preface 7
Abbreviations 8
Introduction 13
Parti
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PAUL'S CONCEPT OF ATONEMENT
Chapter 1
PAUL AND SACRIFICE 22
The Problem of Sources 24
The Practice and Purpose of Jewish Sacrifice 27
Paul and Jewish Sacrifice 41
Paul and Greek Sacrifice 52
Chapter 2
MEDITERRANEAN APOTROPAEIC RITUALS 65
'Scapegoat Rituals': The Theories of Frazer and Girard 66
Apotropaeic Rituals 70
The Levitical Scapegoat Ritual 76
Other Apotropaeic Rituals with Animals as Victims 84
Apotropaeic Rituals with Humans as Victims 88
Apotropaeic Rituals in the Hebrew Bible and New Testament 101
Conclusion 103
Chapter 3
PAUL's CONCEPT OF THE CURSED AND SINFUL CHRIST 105
The Sinful Christ: 2 Corinthians 5.21 108
The Cursed Christ: Galatians 3.13 113
The Sinful Christ: Romans 8.3 140
Paul's Apotropaeic Christology 143
The Cursed Christ
Part II
A DEVELOPMENTAL STUDY OF PAUL'S SOTERIOLOGY
Chapter 4
THE CHRONOLOGY OF PAUL'S LETTERS AND THE
DEVELOPMENT OF HIS THOUGHT 148
The Use of Acts in Pauline Studies 149
The Chronological Sequence of Paul's Letters 154
Letters versus Epistles 162
Chapter 5
THE DEVELOPMENT OF PAUL'S SOTERIOLOGY IN HIS EARLY
CAREER: 2THESSALONIANS, l THESSALONIANS,
l CORINTHIANS 166
Jesus the Warrior: 2 Thessalonians 166
Jesus the Rapturer: 1 Thessalonians 169
The Resurrected Christ: 1 Corinthians 170
Chapter 6
THE DEVELOPMENT OF PAUL'S SOTERIOLOGY IN HIS LATER
CAREER: 2 CORINTHIANS AND GALATIANS 185
Paul's 'Affliction in Asia' 185
The Sinful Christ: 2 Corinthians 1-9 190
The Cursed Christ: Galatians 197
The Function of Paul's Participatory Language 201
Conclusion 206
Greek and Latin Expulsion Texts 208
Appendix 1
MAPPING PAUL'S EARLY THOUGHT ON THE TERRITORY OF
EARLY CHRISTIANITY 216
Appendix 2
PHELIPPIANS 2.5-11 223
Bibliography 225
Index of References 248
Index of Authors 259
PREFACE
This book began as a doctoral dissertation under the direction of Heinz
O. Guenther of Emmanuel College, University of Toronto. It was
presented to the Toronto School of Theology and successfully defended
in 1989. This present work is a revised, expanded and rewritten version
of the original thesis. It incorporates studies in a broad range of Pauline
thought and attempts to situate this thought in the broader canvas of
first-century Christianity.
It is my pleasant duty to give sincere thanks to those who have helped
to make this work possible. Heinz Guenther, my thesis director, pro-
vided much helpful criticism during the preparation of the dissertation. I
am also tremendously greatful to John Hurd who served as my
mystagogue, initiating me into the intricacies of Pauline method. I would
like to express my appreciation to my friend and colleague, Terence
Donaldson, for his helpful comments, criticisms and suggestions. Finally,
I should like to express my gratitude to staff of the Sheffield Academic
Press for their careful preparation of the final manuscript.
I have dedicated this book to my dear friend William F. Blissett,
Professor Emeritus of English at the University of Toronto. He not only
taught me by example the true vocation of the scholar, but also inspired
this research by his grasp of the true inwardness of the Levitical
scapegoat ritual.
B. Hudson McLean
June 30 1995
St John's College
University of Manitoba
ABBREVIATIONS
AAWM Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Mainz
AB Anchor Bible Series
ANRW Aufstieg und Niedergang der rbmischen Welt
ARW Archivfur Religionswissenschaft
BAGD W. Bauer, W.F. Arndt, F.W. Gingrich and F.W. Danker,
Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament
BDB F. Brown, S.R. Driver and C A. Briggs, Hebrew and English
Lexicon of the Old Testament
BE Bulletin Epigraphique, in Revue des Etudes Grecques
BEvT Beitrage zur evangelischen Theologie
BFCT Beitrage zur Forderung christlicher Theologie
BHT Beitrage zur historischen Theologie
Bib Biblica
BJRL Bulletin of the John Ry lands University Library of Manchester
BZ Biblische Zeitschrift
BZNW Beihefte zur ZNW
CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly
CD Damascus Rule
CECNT Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the NT
CIG Corpus inscriptionum graecarum
CJT Canadian Journal of Theology
CNT Commentaire du Nouveau Testament
CTH Catalogue des Textes Hittites, Emmanuel Laroche
CTM Concordia Theological Monthly
CIQ Classical Quarterly
EGT Expositor's Greek Testament
EKKNT Evangelisch-Katholischer Kommentar zum Neuen Testament
EncJud. Encyclopedia Judaica
EncRel. Encylopedia of Religion
EvT Evangelische Theologie
ExpTim Expository Times
F. Delphes Fouilles de Delphes
FFNT Foundations and Facets: New Testament
F.Gr.Hist. Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker, F. Jacoby
FRLANT Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen
Testaments
Abbreviations
GIBM Ancient Greek Inscriptions in the British Museum
GRBS Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies
Greg Gregorianum
GTA Gottinger Theologische Arbeiten
GThT Gereformeerd Theologisch Tijdschrift
HJP Schurer, History of the Jewish People
HKNT Handkommentar zum Neuen Testament
HNT Handbuch zum Neuen Testament
HR History of Religions
HSCP Harvard Studies in Classical Philology
HSNT Die Heilige Schrift Neuen Testaments
HTR Harvard Theological Review
HUCA Hebrew Union College Anuual
IB Interpreter's Bible
ICC International Critical Commentary
IDB G.A. Buttrick (ed.), Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible
IDBSup IDB, Supplementary Volume
IEJ Israel Exploration Journal
I. Eph. Die Inscriften von Ephesos, hrsg. von H. Wankel, R.
Merkelbach et alii, Band I-VII (Bonn 1979-81)
IG Inscriptions Graecae (Berlin 1873-1972)
IGR Inscriptions Graecae ad res Romanas pertinentes (Paris 1911—
27)
I. Perg. M. Fraenkel, Die Inschriften von Pergamon (2 vols.; Berlin
1890-95)
JAAR Journal of the American Academy of Religion
JAOS Journal of the American Oriental Society
JBL Journal of Biblical Literature
JDAI Jahrbuch des Deutschen archaologischen Instituts
JHOAI Jahreshefte des Osterreichischen Archaologischen Instituts
JHS Journal of Hellenic Studies
JJS Journal of Jewish Studies
JQR Jewish Quarterly Review
JR Journal of Religion
JSNTSup Journal for the Study of the New Testament, Supplement Series
JSOT Journal for the Study of the Old Testament
JSS Journal of Semitic Studies
JTS Journal of Theological Studies
KAT Kommentar zum Alten Testament
KBo Keilschrifttexte aus Bogahazkoi
KNT Kommentar zum Neuen Testament
KUB Keilschrifturkunden aus Boghazhoi
LCL Loeb Classical Library
LGS I. von Pratt and L. Ziehen, Leges Graecorum sacrae e titulis
collectae (Leipzig 1896-1906)
