Table Of ContentCurrent Topics in Astrofundamental Physics:
Primordial Cosmology
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Serles C: Mathematical and Physical Sclences - VoI. 511
Current Topics in
Astrofundamental Physics:
Primordial Cosmology
edited by
N. Sânchez
Observatoire de Paris Demirm,
Paris, France
and
A. Zichichi
CERN,
Geneva, Switzerland
..
Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V.
Proceedings of the NAT O Advanced Study Institute on
Current Topics in Astrofundamental Physics: Primordial Cosmology
Erice, Italy
4-15 September 1997
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-94-010-6119-3 ISBN 978-94-011-5046-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-5046-0
Printed an acid-tree paper
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© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1998
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1998
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE ix
DEDICATION OF THE 6TH COURSE TO ABDUS SALAM xix
I. THE EARLY UNIVERSE
Covariant Analysis of Dynamics and of CBR Anisotropy
G.F.R. ELLIS and P.K.S. DUNSBY 3
Recent Progress in String Cosmology
N. SANCHEZ 35
Reheating in Inflationary Cosmology
A LINDE 69
Out of Equilibrium Fields in Inflationary Dynamics. Density Fluctuations
D. BOYANOVSKY, D. CORMIER, H.J. DE VEGA, R. HOLMAN and
S.P. KUMAR 119
Kinetic Theory of Hot Gauge Theories: Overview, Details & Extensions
R.D. PISARSKI 195
Electroweak Phase Transition in the Early Universe?
B. BERGERHOFF and C. WETTERICH 211
Limits on Cosmological Magnetic Fields and Other Anisotropic Stresses
J.D. BARROW 241
Varying G and Other Constants
J.D. BARROW 269
II. COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND RADIATION
Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy Science
G.F. SMOOT 309
The Cosmic Microwave Background
AN. LASENBY and AW. JONES 325
VI
Spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background: Results and Prospects
A KOGUT 359
Large-Scale Anisotropy of the Cosmic Microwave Background
A KOGUT 377
Recent Developments in the Calculation of CMB Anisotropies
AD. CHALLINOR and AN. LASENBY 409
"Dark Ages" of the Universe
Y. PATRIJSKIJ, A KOPYLOV, N. SOBOLEVA, O. VERKHODANOV,
A TEMIROVA, O. ZHELENKOVA, P. TCIBULEV, A CHEPURNOV,
V. STOLYAROVand N. BURSOV 443
III. LARGE SCALE STRUCTURE, DARK MATTER
Status of Cosmological Parameters
J.R. PRIMACK 469
The Direct Detection of Dark Matter
B. SADOULET 517
Signatures of Quantum Gravity in the Large-Scale Universe
L.P. GRISHCHUK 539
Tidal Interaction of a Star with a Supermassive Black Hole
I.D. NOVIKOV 559
IV. FRACTALS AND SCALING LAWS IN ASTROPHYSICS
AND COSMOLOGY
Correlations Associated with Critical Phenomena
H.E. STANLEY 575
Fractality, Lacunarity, and the Near-Isotropic Distribution of Galaxies
B.B. MANDELBROT 583
Correlation Properties of the Large Scale Matter Distribution and Galaxy
Number Counts
L. PIETRONERO, F. SYLOS LABINI and M. MONTUORI 603
Fractal Dimensions and Scaling Laws in the Interstellar Medium and
Galaxy Distributions: A New Field Theory Approach
H.J. DE VEGA, N. SANCHEZ and F. COMBES 647
VII
v.
NEUTRINOS IN ASTROPHYSICS
Neutrino Cosmology
A.D. DOLGOV 685
Solar and Supernova Constraints of Cosmologically Interesting
Neutrinos
W.C. HAXTON 703
PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE INSTITUTE 729
AUTHOR INDEX 743
PREFACE
This NATO Advanced Study Institute course provided an updated understanding,
from a fundamental and deep point of view, of the progress and current problems
in the early universe, cosmic microwave background radiation, large-scale struc
ture, dark matter problem, and the interplay between them. Emphasis was placed
on the mutual impact of fundamental physics and cosmology, both at the theo
retical and experimental or observational levels, within a deep and well defined
programme, and a global unifying view, which, in addition, provides of careful
inter-disciplinarity.
In addition, each course of this series introduced and promoted topics or sub
jects which, although not of a purely astrophysical or cosmological nature, were
of relevant physical interest for astrophysics and cosmology.
Deep understanding, clarification, synthesis, and careful interdisciplinarity within
a fundamental physics framework, were the main goals of the course.
Lectures ranged from a motivation and pedagogical introduction for students and
participants not directly working in the field to the latest developments and most
recent results.
All lectures were plenary, had the same duration, and were followed by a discus
sion.
The course brought together experimentalists and theoreticans physicists, astro
physicists and astronomers from a wide variety of backgrounds, including young
scientists at the post-doctoral level, senior scientists and advanced graduate stu
dents as well.
By the nature of the domain itself, there were different aspects, approaches and
points of view (sometimes complementary to each other, sometimes in contra
diction), to same topic or subject. Special care was taken to provide the students
with the grounds for the different lines of research in competition (and not just via
one approach). Participants had an excellent opportunity to learn about the real
state of the discipline, and to learn about it in a critical way.
All lectures took place at the up AM. Dirac" Lecture Hall at the San Domenico
Institute. There were three lectures in the morning and three in the afternoon. Each
lecture was followed by a 15-minutes discussion. The discussion sessions were
as important as the lectures themselves. A special visit to the PAM. Dirac
Museum and to the Daniel Chalonge Museum took place during the Closing ses
sion of the course.
ix
x
The 6th course on "Current Topics in Astrofundamental Physics" was dedicated
to Professor Abdus SALAM (29.1.1926-21.x1.1996). A section below this volume
is devoted to this event.
This course was also placed within the framework of the International
Celebrations of the "Centenary of the Discovery of Radioactivity (1896-1898 /
1996-1998). Henri Becquerel, Pierre and Marie Curie". A special Exhibition was
displayed at the Chalonge Museum on this subject, including material and pictu
a
res from the Haut Comite National Fran9ais, the Commissariat l'Energie
Atomique and the Musee Curie at Paris.
Also, a special postmark has been produced by the Italian Postoffice for the
Chalonge School on this occasion. Letters and postcards were stamped with this
celebration postmark at the temporary Post Office installed at the San Domenico
Institute, and afterwards at the Erice and Trapani Post Offices.
We wish to express our gratitude to the Scientific Affairs Division of NATO and to
Dr. Luis Veiga da Cunha, for their generous and efficient support and we specially
thank the Training and Mobility Programme-Euroconferences- of the Commission
of European Communities and Mr. Edward Whitehead also for their generous and
efficient support.
Our grateful thanks are expressed to all the lectures who did so much to make
this course succesful, and to participants and lecturers for contributing so much
to the outstanding discussions and for creating such a stimulating atmosphere
during the course.
We specially thank the reception secretaries, Mrs Nicole Letourneur, Jean Pierre
Michel, Nathalie Grabar, and the scientific secretaries of the course, Inigo
Egusquiza, Maria Cristina Falvella, Maria Pilar Infante, Arne Larsen and Juan
Ramon Pardo, for their efficient assistance throughout the course.
We also extend our appreciation to Kluwer Academic Publishers, Science and
Technology Division, for their cooperation and efficiency in publishing these pro
ceedings.
N. Sanchez
Director of the Course
Observatoire de Paris-Demirm, 61 Av. de l'Observatoire, F-75014 Paris
Tel: 33 1 4051 2221. Telefax: 33 1 4051 2002
[email protected]://www.obspm.fr/chalonge
Ettore Majorana Centre, Via Guarnotta 26, 91016 Erice, Italy
Tel: 39-923-8691 33. Telefax: 39-923-86 92 26.
[email protected]://ccsem.infn.it
GAll LEO GALILEI FOUNDATION
WORLD FEDERATION OF SCIENTISTS
ETTORE MAJORANA FOUNDATION AND CENTRE
FOR SCIENTIFIC CULTURE
GAL/LEO GAL/LEI CELEBRATIONS
Four Centuries Since the Birth of MODERN SCIENCE
INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF
ASTROPHYSICS "D.CHALONGE"
6th Course: CURRENT TOPICS IN
ASTROFUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS
A NATO ADVANCED STUDY
INSTITUTE
EUROSCHOOL
ERICE-SICILV: 4-15 SEPTEMBER 1997
Sponsored by the: • Commission of the European Communities
• French Ministry of Foreign Affairs • French Ministry of
National Education and Scientific Research • Italian Ministry of
Education • Italian Ministry of University and Scientific
Research • Sicilian Regional Government
