Table Of ContentG Current Research in
Current Research in
l
o
Embryology Embryology
b
i
g
Embryology is the study of embryos. It is the branch of biological science that deals with the
formation and early development of an individual organism, from fertilization of the egg (ovum) to
birth. This collection includes articles on some of the most important topics in embryology today,
such as cryopreservation of human embryos, in vitro generation of neurons from embryonic stem
cells, embryonic transfer, transcriptional profiling, and more.
About the Editor
Professor Sabine Globig received her BA in 1972 at the American University School of
International Service and her MS in horticulture and plant physiology in 1988 at Rutgers
University, the State University of New Jersey. Presently, she is Professor of Biology at Hazard
Community & Technical College in the Appalachian Mountains of eastern Kentucky, where she
specializes in human anatomy and physiology and plant sciences. She has also worked as an
Adjunct Instructor of Biology at Union County College in New Jersey and at Rutgers University, as E
well as a certified high school biology teacher. While at Rutgers, she worked as a plant physiology
m
researcher at their AgBiotech Center and held the same position for DNA Plant Technologies C
Corporation. She has given presentations at XXII International Conference on Horticultural u
r
Science, UC Davis, California, 1987; and 1997 International Society for Horticultural Science's b r
e
International Symposium on Artificial Lighting in Horticulture, Noordwijkerhout, Netherlands. She
n
has also been included in several Who's Who entries. r t
y R
e
o s
Related Titles of Interest
e
a
• Genetic Engineering: Recent Developments in Applications l
r
• Recent Advances in Microbiology o c
h
g i
n
y
ISBN 978-1-926692-81-4 Sabine Globig
00000
Apple Editor
Apple Academic Press
Academic
www.appleacademicpress.com 9781926692814 Press
Current Research in
Embryology
TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk
Current Research in
Embryology
Sabine Globig
Associate Professor of Biology, Hazard Community
and Technical College, Kentucky, U.S.A.
Apple Academic Press
CRC Press Apple Academic Press, Inc
Taylor & Francis Group 3333 Mistwell Crescent
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Oakville, ON L6L 0A2
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 Canada
© 2011 by Apple Academic Press, Inc.
Exclusive worldwide distribution by CRC Press an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa
business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Version Date: 20120813
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4665-5990-5 (eBook - PDF)
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable
efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot
assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and
publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication
and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any
copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any
future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced,
transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or
hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information stor-
age or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copy-
right.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222
Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that pro-
vides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a pho-
tocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are
used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
For information about Apple Academic Press product
http://www.appleacademicpress.com
ContEnts
Introduction 9
1. What Makes us Human? A Biased View from the Perspective 13
of Comparative Embryology and Mouse Genetics
André M. Goffinet
2. Maternal Diabetes Alters Transcriptional Programs in the 26
Developing Embryo
Gabriela Pavlinkova, J. Michael Salbaum and Claudia Kappen
3. Increased Expression of Heat Shock Protein 105 in Rat Uterus 47
of Early Pregnancy and Its Significance in Embryo Implantation
Jin-Xiang Yuan, Li-Juan Xiao, Cui-Ling Lu, Xue-Sen Zhang,
Tao Liu, Min Chen, Zhao-Yuan Hu, Fei Gao and Yi-Xun Liu
4. Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome and Prophylactic 66
Human Embryo Cryopreservation: Analysis of Reproductive
Outcome Following Thawed Embryo Transfer
Eric Scott Sills, Laura J. McLoughlin, Marc G. Genton,
David J. Walsh, Graham D. Coull and Anthony P. H. Walsh
5. Neural Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells In Vitro: 76
A Road Map to Neurogenesis in the Embryo
Elsa Abranches, Margarida Silva, Laurent Pradier, Herbert Schulz,
Oliver Hummel, Domingos Henrique and Evguenia Bekman
6 Current Research in Embryology
6. Defining Human Embryo Phenotypes by Cohort-Specific 105
Prognostic Factors
Sunny H. Jun, Bokyung Choi, Lora Shahine, Lynn M. Westphal,
Barry Behr, Renee A. Reijo Pera, Wing H. Wong and Mylene W. M. Yao
7. Search for the Genes Involved in Oocyte Maturation and 121
Early Embryo Development in the Hen
Sebastien Elis, Florence Batellier, Isabelle Couty, Sandrine Balzergue,
Marie-Laure Martin-Magniette, Philippe Monget, Elisabeth Blesbois and
Marina S. Govoroun
8. Ectopic Pregnancy Rates with Day 3 Versus Day 5 Embryo 152
Transfer: A Retrospective Analysis
Amin A. Milki and Sunny H. Jun
9. Transcriptome Analysis of Mouse Stem Cells and Early Embryos 160
Alexei A. Sharov, Yulan Piao, Ryo Matoba, Dawood B. Dudekula,
Yong Qian, Vincent VanBuren, Geppino Falco, Patrick R. Martin,
Carole A. Stagg, Uwem C. Bassey, Yuxia Wang, Mark G. Carter,
Toshio Hamatani, Kazuhiro Aiba, Hidenori Akutsu, Lioudmila Sharova,
Tetsuya S. Tanaka, Wendy L. Kimber, Toshiyuki Yoshikawa,
Saied A. Jaradat, Serafino Pantano, Ramaiah Nagaraja,
Kenneth R. Boheler, Dennis Taub, Richard J. Hodes, Dan L. Longo,
David Schlessinger, Jonathan Keller, Emily Klotz, Garnett Kelsoe,
Akihiro Umezawa, Angelo L. Vescovi, Janet Rossant, Tilo Kunath,
Brigid L. M. Hogan, Anna Curci, Michele D'Urso, Janet Kelso,
Winston Hide and Minoru S. H. Ko
10. Transcriptional Profiling Reveals Barcode-Like Toxicogenomic 181
Responses in the Zebrafish Embryo
Lixin Yang, Jules R. Kemadjou, Christian Zinsmeister,
Matthias Bauer, Jessica Legradi, Ferenc Müller, Michael Pankratz,
Jens Jäkel and Uwe Strähle
11. Release of sICAM-1 in Oocytes and In Vitro Fertilized 207
Human Embryos
Monica Borgatti, Roberta Rizzo, Maria Beatrice Dal Canto,
Daniela Fumagalli, Mario Mignini Renzini, Rubens Fadini,
Marina Stignani, Olavio Roberto Baricordi and Roberto Gambari
12. Three-Dimensional Analysis of Vascular Development in the 222
Mouse Embryo
Johnathon R. Walls, Leigh Coultas, Janet Rossant and
R. Mark Henkelman
Contents 7
13. Nucleologenesis and Embryonic Genome Activation are 254
Defective in Interspecies Cloned Embryos Between Bovine
Ooplasm and Rhesus Monkey Somatic Cells
Bong-Seok Song, Sang-Hee Lee, Sun-Uk Kim, Ji-Su Kim,
Jung Sun Park, Cheol-Hee Kim, Kyu-Tae Chang, Yong-Mahn Han,
Kyung-Kwang Lee, Dong-Seok Lee and Deog-Bon Koo
14. Expression of Transmembrane Carbonic Anhydrases, CAIX 278
and CAXII, in Human Development
Shu-Yuan Liao, Michael I. Lerman and Eric J. Stanbridge
Index 305
TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk
IntroDUCtIon
Embryology (literally, the study of embryos) is the branch of biological science
that deals with the formation and early development of an individual organism,
from fertilization of the egg (ovum) to birth. There are generally considered to
be four types of embryological study: descriptive embryology, comparative and
evolutionary embryology, experimental embryology, and teratology. Descriptive
embryology is a branch of microscopic anatomy dealing with the structure of em-
bryos and fetuses. Comparative embryology compares the development of embry-
os of two or more species. The observed similarities and differences may be used
in taxonomic and phylogenic studies. Experimental embryology tests hypotheses
about development using genetic and embryo manipulations, and addresses ques-
tions about mechanisms underlying observed developmental changes, including
whether these changes are autonomous or due to environmental conditions. Tera-
tology is an interdisciplinary field of embryology and pathology that focuses on
abnormal development and congenital malformations.
Embryology also includes the study of the necessary accessory tissues; in mam-
mals, this usually includes the placenta, fetal membranes, and umbilicus. While
the field of human embryology generally includes fertilization, there is really no
consensus as to when fertilization occurs: some sources adhere to the traditional
idea that penetration of the ovum by the sperm comprises fertilization, while
others insist that it does not occur until fusion of the two nuclei has taken place.
Similarly, the definition of the term “embryo” has also proven to be an area of
