Table Of ContentCurrent Developments
in Biotechnology
and Bioengineering
Series Editor:
Professor Ashok Pandey
Centrefor Innovation and Translational Research
CSIR-IndianInstitute ofToxicology Research
Lucknow,India
&
Sustainability Cluster
School of Engineering
University ofPetroleum and Energy Studies
Dehradun, India
Current Developments
in Biotechnology
and Bioengineering
Filamentous Fungi Biorefinery
Edited by
Mohammad J. Taherzadeh
Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Bora˚s, Bora˚s, Sweden
Jorge A. Ferreira
Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Bora˚s, Bora˚s, Sweden
Ashok Pandey
Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and
Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
Elsevier
Radarweg29,POBox211,1000AEAmsterdam,Netherlands
TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UnitedKingdom
50HampshireStreet,5thFloor,Cambridge,MA02139,UnitedStates
Copyright©2023ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved.
Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicor
mechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,oranyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,without
permissioninwritingfromthepublisher.Detailsonhowtoseekpermission,furtherinformationaboutthe
Publisher’spermissionspoliciesandourarrangementswithorganizationssuchastheCopyrightClearance
CenterandtheCopyrightLicensingAgency,canbefoundatourwebsite:www.elsevier.com/permissions.
ThisbookandtheindividualcontributionscontainedinitareprotectedundercopyrightbythePublisher
(otherthanasmaybenotedherein).
Notices
Knowledgeandbestpracticeinthisfieldareconstantlychanging.Asnewresearchandexperiencebroadenour
understanding,changesinresearchmethods,professionalpractices,ormedicaltreatmentmaybecome
necessary.
Practitionersandresearchersmustalwaysrelyontheirownexperienceandknowledgeinevaluatingandusing
anyinformation,methods,compounds,orexperimentsdescribedherein.Inusingsuchinformationormethods
theyshouldbemindfuloftheirownsafetyandthesafetyofothers,includingpartiesforwhomtheyhavea
professionalresponsibility.
Tothefullestextentofthelaw,neitherthePublishernortheauthors,contributors,oreditors,assumeanyliability
foranyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasamatterofproductsliability,negligenceorotherwise,or
fromanyuseoroperationofanymethods,products,instructions,orideascontainedinthematerialherein.
ISBN:978-0-323-91872-5
ForinformationonallElsevierpublications
visitourwebsiteathttps://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals
Publisher:SusanDennis
EditorialProjectManager:HelenaBeauchamp
ProductionProjectManager:KiruthikaGovindaraju
CoverDesigner:MatthewLimbert
TypesetbySTRAIVE,India
Contributors
Ruchi Agrawal The Energy and Resources Institute, TERI Gram, Gwal Pahari, Haryana,
India
Hamid Amiri Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and
Technology; EnvironmentalResearch Institute, University ofIsfahan,Isfahan,Iran
K. Amulya Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences, Department of Energy and
Environmental Engineering, CSIR-IndianInstitute of Chemical Technology,Hyderabad,
India
Elisabet Aranda Institute of Water Research; Department of Microbiology, University of
Granada,Granada, Spain
Mohammadtaghi Asadollahzadeh Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of
Bora˚s,Bora˚s,Sweden
AparnaBanerjeeCentro de investigacio´n en Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM),
Vicerrector´ıa de Investigacio´n Y Posgrado, Universidad Cato´lica del Maule, Talca,
Chile
Parameswaran Binod Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National
Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST),
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala,India
KamalpreetKaurBrarDepartmentofCivilEngineering,LassondeSchoolofEngineering,
YorkUniversity,Toronto,ON;IndustrialWasteTechnologyCenter,AbitibiTemiscamingue,
QC, Canada
Gu€lru Bulkan Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Bora˚s, Bora˚s,
Sweden
GustavoCabrera-BarjasUniversidaddeConcepcio´n,UnidaddeDesarrolloTecnolo´gico
(UDT), Coronel, Chile
Marta Cebria´n AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA),
Parque Tecnolo´gico de Bizkaia, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
Chiu-WenChenDepartmentofMarineEnvironmentalEngineering,NationalKaohsiung
University of Scienceand Technology,Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
xiii
xiv Contributors
Eduardo Coelho CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga,
Portugal
Gabriela A´ngeles de Paz Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada,
Spain
(cid:2) (cid:2)
Cedric Delattre Universite Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut
Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand; Institut Universitairede France(IUF), Paris, France
Ratih Dewanti-Hariyadi Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University,
Bogor,Indonesia
Luc´ılia Domingues CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga,
Portugal
Cheng-DiDongDepartmentofMarineEnvironmentalEngineering,NationalKaohsiung
University ofScience and Technology, Kaohsiung City,Taiwan
(cid:2)
PascalDubessayUniversiteClermont Auvergne,ClermontAuvergneINP,CNRS,Institut
Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
(cid:2)
Laurent Dufosse Chemistry and Biotechnology of Natural Products (CHEMBIOPRO),
University ofReunion Island, ESIROI Food Science,Saint-Denis Cedex9, Reunion
Island,France
Jorge A. Ferreira Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Bora˚s, Bora˚s,
Sweden
Shakuntala Ghorai Department of Microbiology, RaidighiCollege, Raidighi, India
Daniel G. Gomes CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga,
Portugal
Sharareh Harirchi Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Bora˚s, Bora˚s,
Sweden; Department ofCelland MolecularBiology &Microbiology,Faculty of
Biological Science and Technology, University ofIsfahan,Isfahan,Iran
Jone Ibarruri AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA),
Parque Tecnolo´gico de Bizkaia,Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
SajjadKarimiSwedishCentreforResourceRecovery,UniversityofBora˚s,Bora˚s,Sweden
VinodKumarSchoolofWater,Energy,andEnvironment,CranfieldUniversity,Cranfield,
United Kingdom
Patrik Roland Lennartsson Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Bora˚s,
Bora˚s, Sweden
Hanifah Nuryani Lioe Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University,
Bogor,Indonesia
Contributors xv
Sara Magdouli Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York
University, Toronto,ON;Industrial Waste Technology Center, AbitibiTemiscamingue,
QC, Canada
Manikharda Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Universitas
GadjahMada,Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(cid:2)
PhilippeMichaudUniversiteClermontAuvergne,ClermontAuvergneINP,CNRS,Institut
Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
MarziehMohammadiSwedishCentreforResourceRecovery,UniversityofBora˚s,Bora˚s,
Sweden
Rafael Leo´n Morcillo Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada,
Spain
Soumya Mukherjee University of Toledo, Toledo,OH, United States
Vivek Narisetty School of Water, Energy, and Environment, Cranfield University,
Cranfield,United Kingdom
Seyyed Vahid Niknezhad Burn and Wound Healing Research Center; Pharmaceutical
SciencesResearch Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,Shiraz,Iran
Ashok Pandey Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute
ofToxicology Research, Lucknow; Sustainability Cluster,School ofEngineering,
University of Petroleum and Energy Studies,Dehradun,India
Mohsen Parchami Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Bora˚s, Bora˚s,
Sweden
AnilKumarPatelDepartmentofMarineEnvironmentalEngineering;InstituteofAquatic
Scienceand Technology,National Kaohsiung University of Scienceand Technology,
Kaohsiung City,Taiwan
(cid:2)
GuillaumePierreUniversiteClermontAuvergne,ClermontAuvergneINP,CNRS,Institut
Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
Endang Sutriswati Rahayu Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology,
UniversitasGadjahMada,Yogyakarta, Indonesia
G.RenukaDepartmentofMicrobiology,PingleGovernmentDegreeCollegeforWomen,
Warangal, India
SaddysRodriguez-LlamazaresCentrode Investigacio´n de Pol´ımeros Avanzados(CIPA),
EdificioLaboratorio CIPA,Concepcio´n, Chile
Neda Rousta Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Bora˚s, Bora˚s,
Sweden
xvi Contributors
TanerSarSwedish Centrefor ResourceRecovery, University of Bora˚s,Bora˚s,Sweden
Behzad Satari Department of Food Technology, College of Aburaihan, University of
Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Ulises Conejo Saucedo Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada,
Spain
ZohresadatShahryariSwedishCentreforResourceRecovery,UniversityofBora˚s,Bora˚s,
Sweden; AvidzymeCompany, Shiraz,Iran
Pooja Sharma Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore;
Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II,Campusfor
Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore,Singapore
RuiSilva CEB—Centre ofBiological Engineering,University ofMinho,Braga, Portugal
Raveendran Sindhu Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National
Institute for Interdisciplinary Scienceand Technology (CSIR-NIIST),
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
Reeta Rani Singhania Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National
Kaohsiung University ofScience and Technology, Kaohsiung City,Taiwan
Mohammad J. Taherzadeh Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Bora˚s,
Bora˚s, Sweden
(cid:2)
Jose A. Teixeira CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga,
Portugal
Sunita Varjani Gujarat Pollution Control Board,Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
S. Venkata Mohan Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences, Department of Energy
and EnvironmentalEngineering,CSIR-IndianInstitute ofChemical Technology,
Hyderabad, India
Rachma Wikandari Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology,
Universitas GadjahMada,Yogyakarta, Indonesia
AkramZamaniSwedishCentreforResourceRecovery,UniversityofBora˚s,Bora˚s,Sweden
Preface
Advances in Filamentous Fungi Biorefinery is a book in the Elsevier series on Current
DevelopmentsinBiotechnologyandBioengineering(Editor-in-Chief:AshokPandey).This
book explores various fundamental and industrial aspects of filamentous fungi for the
manufactureof different products used in our society.
Fungi are part of the ecosystem, and the world would look totally different without
them. Most people know only mushrooms and their fruiting bodies as fungi. However,
themainfungalbiomassistheirfilaments,whichcanhavemanyapplications.Filamen-
tousfungicangrowonalargevariety ofmaterials thatcontaincarbohydrates,proteins,
fats,etc.,bydegradingthemacromoleculesandthenassimilatingthemonomerstogrow
andproducevariousenzymesandmetabolites.Thismeansthattherearealargenumber
ofsubstratesonwhichtogrowfungi,from agriculturalandforestresidualsto industrial
residualsandproducts,tohouseholdwastesandwastewaters.Dependingontheecosys-
temandtheenvironmentalorcultivationconditions,fungicangrowinvariousmorphol-
ogies,andmanyfungalstrainsaredimorphic,meaningthattheycangrowbothlikeyeast
and filaments. In addition, they can grow in various environmental conditions, such as
aerobicoranaerobic.Theyadapttheirenzymemachineryasrequiredtotheseconditions,
producing avarietyof metabolites that arenecessaryfor the fungito grow.
Asfungigrowonalargenumberofsubstrates,theycanproducevariousextracellular
enzymes such as hydrolytic enzymes to degrade biopolymers. Therefore, fungi are an
industrial sourceofenzymeproduction.
Ultimately,weshouldnotforgetthattheonlygoaloffungiistogrow.However,incer-
tain conditions they can produce, for example, enzymes and/or various metabolites,
whichcanbeusedasproducts.Bearinginmindthesinglegoaloffungi,oneoftheirmajor
productsisalwaysfungalbiomassormycelium.Thisbiomassnormallycontainsprotein,
fat,andotherbiopolymerssuchaschitosanorbeta-glucaninitscellwall,andavarietyof
bioactivecompounds.Asaresult,thebiomassofmanyfilamentousfungicanbeagood
source for food and feed. Some of these fungi, particularly among the zygomycetes and
ascomycetes,areedibleandcanbeusedfordifferentfoodpreparationssuchastempeh,
oncom,andkoji.However,thereisalsoaninterestnowadaysindevelopingnewfoodand
feedsuchasfishfeedfromfungiasanenvironmentallyfriendlyandhealthyalternativeto
meat, chicken, or even soy-based vegetarian products, for example. However, as some
fungiproducemycotoxins,thefungalstrainandtheprocessconditionsshouldbechosen
carefullyin orderto avoid any risks to humans oranimals.
Theaimofthisbookistoexplorecomprehensivelytheadvancesinusingfilamentous
fungi as the core of industrial biorefinery. The book provides a thorough overview and
xvii
