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Current Biography
Yearbook
1981
CURRENT BIOGRAPHY
YEARBOOK
1981
EDITOR
Charles Moritz
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
Evelyn Lohr
Henry Sioan
Kieran Dugan
Judith Graham
ASSISTANT EDITOR
Lore Croghan
THE H. W. WILSON COMPANY
NEW YORK
FORTY-SECOND ANNUAL CUMULATION-1981
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
International Standard Serial No. (0084-9499)
Library of Congress Catalog Card No. (40-27432)
Copyright © 1981, 1982 by The H. W. Wilson Company. All rights reserved. No
part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or b—y any means,
including but not restricted to graphic, electronic, and mechanical for—example,
photocopying, recording, taping, or information and retrieval systems without
the express written permission of the publisher, except that a reviewer may
quote and a magazine or newspaper may print brief passages as part of a review
written specifically for inclusion in that magazine or newspaper.
PREFACE
The aim of CURRENT BIOGRAPHY YEARBOOK 1981 like that of the
preceding volumes in this series of annual dictionaries of contemporary
biography, now in its fifth decade of publication, is to provide the
reference librarian, the student, or any researcher with brief, objective,
accurate, and well-documented biographical articles about living leaders
in all fields of human accomplishment the world over. Whenever feasible,
obituary notices appear for persons whose biographies have been published
in Current Biography.
CURRENT BIOGRAPHY YEARBOOK 1981 carries on the policy of in-
cluding new and updated biographical sketches that supersede earlier, out-
dated articles. Sketches have been made as accurate and objective as possible
through careful researching by CURRENT BIOGRAPHY writers in news-
papers, magazines, authoritative reference books, and news releases of both
government and private agencies. Immediately after they are publishedin the
eleven monthly issues, articles are submitted to biographees to give them
an opportunity to suggest corrections in time for CURRENT BIOGRAPHY
YEARBOOK. To take account ofmajor changes inthe careers ofbiographees,
sketches have also been revised before they are included in the yearbook.
With the exception of occasional interviews, the questionnaire filled out by
the biographee remains the main source of directinformation.
In the back of the volume under Organizations can be found the names
of those who head organizations. Some persons who are not profes-
sional authors but who have written books are included under Nonfiction
in addition to their vocational fields. The annual bestowal of Nobel Prizes
has added articles to the volume. The pages immediately following con-
tain: Explanations; Key to Reference Abbreviations; Key to Pronunciation;
and Key to Abbreviations. The indexes at the end of the volume are Biogra-
phical References; Periodicals and—Newspapers Consulted; Classification by
Profession; and Cumulated Index 1981. The 1940-1950 index can be found
in the 1950 yearbook; the 1951-1960 index, in the 1960 yearbook, the 1961-
1970 index in the 1970 yearbook, and the 1971-1980 index in the 1980 year-
book.
For their assistance in preparing CURRENT BIOGRAPHY YEARBOOK
1980, I should like to thank the associate and assistant editors.
Charles Moritz
W
F ODNS R
J
Explanations
Authorities for biographees' full names, with some exceptions, are the
bibliographical publications of The Wilson Company. When a biographee
prefers a certain name form, that is indicated in the heading of the article: for
example, Niemoller, (Friedrich Gustav Emil) Martin means that he is usually
referred to as Martin Niemoller. When a professional name is used in the
heading, as, for example, Anne Bancroft, the real name (in this case
Annemarie Italiano) appears in the article itself.
The heading of each article includes the pronunciation of the name if it
is unusual, date of birth (if obtainable), and occupation. The article is sup-
plemented by a list of references to sources of biographical information, in
two alphabets: (1) newspapers and periodicals and (2) books. (See the sec-
tion Biographical References, found in the rear of this volume.)
Key to Reference Abbreviations
References to some newspapers and periodicals are listed in abbrevi-
ated form; for example, "Sat Eve Post 217:14 S 30 '44 por" means Saturday
Evening Post, volume 217, page 14, September 30, 1944, with portrait. (For
full names, see the section Periodicals and Newspapers Consulted, found
in the rear of this volume.)
— —
January —Ja July—Jl— Journal —
February August Ag Magazine Mag
— — —
March Mr September Monthly Mo
— — —
April— Ap October — Portrait por
May My November Weekly—
— — —
June Je December Review
KEY TO PRONUNCIATION
a ale old u Pronounced approxi-
a care 6 orb mately as e, with
a add odd rounded lips: French
8 arm oi oil u. as in menu
00 ooze (ma-nti); German 0.
eve oo foot as in grun
end ou out
3 the schwa, an un-
g go stressed vowel rep-
resenting the sound
T Tee th then that is spelled
th thin a as in sofa
i ill
e as in fitted
K German ch as in i as in edible
ich (iK) u cube o as in melon
u urn; French eu, as in u as in circus
N Not pronounced, but jou (zhu). German
zh azure
indicates the nasal 6. oe, as in sch(5n
tone of the preced- (shun), Goethe t = main accent
ing vowel, as in the (gu'te)
French bon (boN). u tub " = secondary accent
