Cultures in Contact: Scandinavian Settlement in England in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries

340 Pages·2000·29.388 MB·English

by  Dawn Hadley, Julian D. Richards

Cu ltu r es in C o ntact
Scandinavian Settlement in England
in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries
STUDIES IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES
EDITORIAL BOARD UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE
CENTRE FOR MEDIEVAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF YORK
Elizabeth M. Tyler (University of York)
Julian D. Richards (University of York)
Ross Balzaretti (University of Nottingham)
Volume 2
Cu ltu r es in C o ntac t
Scandinavian Settlement in England
in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries
Edited by
Dawn M. Hadley
&
Julian D. Richards
BREPOLS
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Cultures in contact : Scandinavian settlement in England in the ninth and tenth
centuries. - (Studies in the early middle ages ; voi. 2)
1.Vikings - England 2.Civilization, Viking 3.England - Civilization
I.Hadley, D. M. (Dawn M.), 1967- II.Richards, J. D. (Julian D.)
942’.01
ISBN 2503509789
© 2000, Brepols Publishers n.v., Tumhout, Belgium
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without the prior permission of the publisher.
D/2000/0095/123
ISBN: 2-503-50978-9
Tranferred to Digital Printing in 2009
Contents
Illustrations vii
Part 1. Problems and Perspectives
Introduction: Interdisciplinary 3
Approaches to the Scandinavian Settlement
DAWN M. HADLEY & JULIAN D. RICHARDS
Ethnicity, Migration Theory, and the Historiography 17
of the Scandinavian Settlement of England
SIMON TRAFFORD
Part 2. Lordship, Language, and Identity
The Alfred-Guthrum Treaty: Scripting 43
Accommodation and Interaction in Viking Age England
PAUL KERSHAW
Danelaw Identities: Ethnicity, 65
Regionalism, and Political Allegiance
MATTHEW INNES
Viking Age England as a Bilingual Society 89
MATTHEW TOWNEND
‘Hamlet and the Princes of Denmark’ : 107
Lordship in the Danelaw, c. 860-954
DAWNM. HADLEY
Part 3. The Scandinavian Settlement
and the Church
Conversion and Assimilation 135
LESLEY ABRAMS
Survival and Mutation: Ecclesiastical Institutions 155
in the Danelaw in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries
JULIA BARROW
Part 4. Material Culture and Identity
Monuments and Merchants: Irregularities 179
in the Distribution of Stone Sculpture in
Lincolnshire and Yorkshire in the Tenth Century
DAVID STOCKER
Viking Age Stone Monuments 213
and Social Identity in Derbyshire
PHIL SIDEBOTTOM
Anglo-Scandinavian Metalwork from the Danelaw: 237
Exploring Social and Cultural Interaction
GABOR THOMAS
Part 5. Settlement Archaeology
and the Scandinavian Settlement
The Viking Presence in England? 259
The Burial Evidence Reconsidered
GUY HALS ALL
All in the Genes? Evaluating the Biological 277
Evidence of Contact and Migration
MARTIN PAUL EVISON
Identifying Anglo-Scandinavian Settlements 295
JULIAN D. RICHARDS
Anglo-Scandinavian Attitudes: Archaeological 311
Ambiguities in Late Ninth- to Mid-Eleventh-Century York
R.A. HALL
Index 325
Illustrations
1. Distribution of Scandinavian place-names in England
2. Reconstruction of cross-shaft from Leeds (Yorks)
3. Cross-shaft from Kirklevington (Yorks)
4. Edmund penny from East Anglia
5. Map of eastern Danelaw to show locations of sites mentioned in the text
6. List of Anglo-Scandinavian monuments in Lincolnshire: table
7. Radar chart demonstrating sites with ‘exceptional’ numbers of Anglo-Scandinavian
monuments in Lincolnshire
8. Map showing distribution of sites with Anglo-Scandinavian sculpture in Lincoln
9. Maps to show topographical settings of sites with ‘exceptional’ numbers of mon­
umental sculptures in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire
10. List of Anglo-Scandinavian monuments in Yorkshire
11. Radar chart demonstrating sites with ‘exceptional’ numbers of Anglo-Scandinavian
monuments in Yorkshire
12. Map showing distribution of sites with Anglo-Scandinavian monuments in York
13. Approximate boundaries of territories referred to in Tribal Hidage
14. The distribution of groupings of sculpture based on design elements
15. Distribution of regional groups of monuments and approximate areas of diocesan
boundaries
16. Distribution of regional groups of monuments and approximate secular land
divisions
17. Distribution of ‘prime’ group of monuments
18. A selection of Borre-style and multi-headed strap-ends from Britain
19. Distribution of Borre-style strap-ends in Britain
Illustrations
20. Distribution of multi-headed strap-ends in Britain
21. A selection of double-sided and ribbed strap-ends with examples of related buckles
22. Distribution of double-sided strap-ends in Britain
23. Distribution of ribbed strap-ends in Britain
24. The traditional map of ‘Viking’ burials
25. The races of Britain
26. Genetic boundaries in Britain
27. Pictish vs Scandinavian building characteristics
28. Cottam, East Yorkshire. Anglo-Scandinavian settlement as revealed in magnet­
ometer plot
29. Cottam, East Yorkshire. Two Anglo-Scandinavian bells decorated with ring-and-dot
ornament
Part 1. Problems and Perspectives