Table Of ContentCultural Memories of
Nonviolent Struggles
Powerful Times
Edited by
Anna Reading and Tamar Katriel
Palgrave Macmillan Memory Studies
Series Editors: Andrew Hoskins and John Sutton
International Advisory Board: Steven Brown, University of Leicester, UK,
Mary Carruthers, New York University, USA, Paul Connerton, University of
Cambridge, UK, Astrid Erll, University of Wuppertal, Germany, Robyn Fivush,
Emory University, USA, Tilmann Habermas, University of Frankfurt am Main,
Germany, Jeffrey Olick, University of Virginia, USA, Susannah Radstone,
University of East London, UK, Ann Rigney, Utrecht University, Netherlands.
The nascent field of Memory Studies emerges from contemporary trends that
include a shift from concern with historical knowledge of events to that of
memory, from ‘what we know’ to ‘how we remember it’; changes in generational
memory; the rapid advance of technologies of memory; panics over declining
powers of memory, which mirror our fascination with the possibilities of memory
enhancement; and the development of trauma narratives in reshaping the past.
These factors have contributed to an intensification of public discourses on our
past over the last thirty years. Technological, political, interpersonal, social and
cultural shifts affect what, how and why people and societies remember and
forget. This groundbreaking series tackles questions such as: What is ‘memory’
under these conditions? What are its prospects, and also the prospects for its
interdisciplinary and systematic study? What are the conceptual, theoretical and
methodological tools for its investigation and illumination?
Matthew Allen
THE LABOUR OF MEMORY
Memorial Culture and 7/7
Silke Arnold-de Simine
MEDIATING MEMORY IN THE MUSEUM
Empathy, Trauma, Nostalgia
Lucy Bond
FRAMES OF MEMORY AFTER 9/11
Culture, Criticism, Politics, and Law
Rebecca Bramall
THE CULTURAL POLITICS OF AUSTERITY
Past and Present in Austere Times
Irit Dekel
MEDIATION AT THE HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL IN BERLIN
Jane Goodall and Christopher Lee (editors)
TRAUMA AND PUBLIC MEMORY
Andrea Hajek
NEGOTIATING MEMORIES OF PROTEST IN WESTERN EUROPE
The Case of Italy
Inez Hedges
WORLD CINEMA AND CULTURAL MEMORY
Jason James
PRESERVATION AND NATIONAL BELONGING IN EASTERN GERMANY
Heritage Fetishism and Redeeming Germanness
Sara Jones
THE MEDIA OF TESTIMONY
Remembering the East German Stasi in the Berlin Republic
Emily Keightley and Michael Pickering
THE MNEMONIC IMAGINATION
Remembering as Creative Practice
Amanda Lagerkvist
MEDIA AND MEMORY IN NEW SHANGHAI
Western Performances of Futures Past
Oren Meyers, Eyal Zandberg and Motti Neiger
COMMUNICATING AWE
Media, Memory and Holocaust Commemoration
Anne Marie Monchamp
AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY IN AN ABORIGINAL AUSTRALIAN
COMMUNITY
Culture, Place and Narrative
Motti Neiger, Oren Meyers and Eyal Zandberg (editors)
ON MEDIA MEMORY
Collective Memory in a New Media Age
Katharina Niemeyer (editor)
MEDIA AND NOSTALGIA
Yearning for the Past, Present and Future
Anna Reading and Tamar Katriel
CULTURAL MEMORIES OF NONVIOLENT STRUGGLES
Powerful Times
Margarita Saona
MEMORY MATTERS IN TRANSITIONAL PERU
Anna Saunders and Debbie Pinfold (editors)
REMEMBERING AND RETHINKING THE GDR
Multiple Perspectives and Plural Authenticities
Estela Schindel and Pamela Colombo (editors)
SPACE AND THE MEMORIES OF VIOLENCE
Landscapes of Erasure, Disappearance and Exception
Marek Tamm (editor)
AFTERLIFE OF EVENTS
Perspectives of Mnemohistory
Bryoni Trezise
PERFORMING FEELING IN CULTURES OF MEMORY
Barbie Zelizer and Keren Tenenboim-Weinblatt (editors)
JOURNALISM AND MEMORY
Palgrave Macmillan Memory Studies
Series Standing Order ISBN 978–0–230–23851–0
(hardback) 978–0–230–23852–7 (paperback)
(outside North America only)
You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a
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Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills,
Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England
Cultural Memories of
Nonviolent Struggles
Powerful Times
Edited by
Anna Reading
King’s College, University of London, UK
and
Tamar Katriel
University of Haifa, Israel
Selection, introduction and editorial matter © Anna Reading and
Tamar Katriel 2015
Remaining chapters © Contributors 2015
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2015 978-1-137-03271-3
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this
publication may be made without written permission.
No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted
save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence
permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency,
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Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication
may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
The authors have asserted their rights to be identified
as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs
and Patents Act 1988.
First published 2015 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN
Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited,
registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke,
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Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC,
175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010.
Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies
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Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States,
the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries.
ISBN 978-1-349-44122-8 ISBN 978-1-137-03272-0 (eBook)
DOI10.1057/9781137032720
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Contents
List of Figures vii
Acknowledgements viii
Notes on Contributors x
1 Introduction 1
Anna Reading and Tamar Katriel
2 Gandhi’s Salt March: Paradoxes and Tensions in the Memory
of Nonviolent Struggle in India 32
Ornit Shani
3 ‘A Modest Reminder’: Performing Suffragette Memory in a
British Feminist Webzine 52
Red Chidgey
4 Krieg dem Kriege: The Anti-War Museum in Berlin as a
Multilayered Site of Memory 71
Irit Dekel and Tamar Katriel
5 Film as Cultural Memory: The Struggle for Repatriation and
Restitution of Cultural Property in Central Australia 91
Hart Cohen
6 Remember the Russell Tribunal? 111
David Torell
7 Peace and Unity: Imagining Europe in the Founding Fathers’
House Museums 128
Bernhard Forchtner and Christoffer Kølvraa
8 Singing for My Life: Memory, Nonviolence and the Songs of
Greenham Common Women’s Peace Camp 147
Anna Reading
9 Who Owns a Movement’s Memory? The Case of
Poland’s Solidarity 166
Susan C. Pearce
10 Documenting South Asian American Struggles against Racism:
Community Archives in a Post-9/11 World 188
Michelle Caswell
v
vi Contents
11 The Wall Must Fall: Memory Activism, Documentary
Filmmaking and the Second Intifada 205
Tamar Katriel and Yifat Gutman
12 Remembering to Play/Playing to Remember: Transmedial and
Intramedial Memory in Games of Nonviolent Struggle 226
Colin B. Harvey
Index 245
List of Figures
2.1 ‘Gyarah Murti’ 41
2.2 Gigi Scaria, ‘Who Deviated First?’ 42
3.1 Remediated images of the women’s suffrage movement on
The F Word, reproducing the dominant focus on Pankhurst
and the WSPU that exists in popular memory 56
4.1 Sculpture in the Ernst Friedrich Promenade rose garden 78
4.2 Front of the original Anti-War museum 80
4.3 Glass cabinet in the contemporary Anti-War museum 81
7.1 C onstantly networking 134
7.2 The room of a martyr 137
7.3 More than a politician – presenting the bocce player
in Adenauer 142
9.1 Fragments of Berlin Wall and Gdansk Shipyard Wall 172
9.2 Poster for 4 June 1989 Polish Elections, in Berlin
Train Station 179
11.1 Protest in Bil’in, West Bank, commemorative garden 217
vii
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank a number of people and institutions who have
been important in the production of this volume. First of all we would
like to acknowledge the support of our respective institutions, King’s
College London and the University of Haifa, for our research. Anna
Reading would also like to acknowledge the support of the School of
Arts and Humanities at the University of Western Sydney where she was
employed in the initial stages of editing this collection.
Anna Reading has benefited greatly from many conversations over
the years with ethical colleagues in academia and those she has worked
and conversed with in various international and local activist move-
ments over three decades, including the Greenham Common Women’s
Peace Camp, the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, Third World
First, York Rape Crisis, the Parramatta Female Factory Precinct Memory
Project and Save Lewisham Hospital. Many people have contributed to
her thinking and approach to the subject. She is especially indebted to
the inspirational support of friends Charlotte Jones, Sarah Kent, Vincent
O’Connell, Verity Williams and the late Jill Dimmock, as well as her
Friends at Forest Hill Quaker Meeting, London and at the Quakers of
the Blue Mountains, Sydney. She could not have produced this volume
without the love, political insights and support of her partner, Colin
B. Harvey and the piercing sense of justice of her two children, Zak
Harvey-Reading and Aphra Harvey-Reading.
Tamar Katriel would like to acknowledge the invaluable insights and
inspiration she has received over the years from colleagues and politi-
cal friends in various activist groups that persist in their work for peace
and justice in Israel/Palestine against all odds, including Women in
Black, Ta’ayush, The Women’s Coalition for Just Peace, the Olive Tree
Coalition, Breaking the Silence and the Haifa feminist centre Isha l’Isha.
She is indebted to the faculty and student network Forum Smol at her
University, whose engagements insert a politics of hope into campus
life, and to the students who contributed their insights to her seminar
on Communication and Activism in which the legacy of nonviolent
struggle was explored. The Rachel Corey Foundation stands out as an
impressive example of a commemorative project designed to uphold
that legacy. As she joins them in remembering Rachel, she is grateful to
Cindy and Craig Corey for their generosity of spirit, their tenacity and
viii
Acknowledgements ix
their friendship. Finally, her special thanks go to Jacob, Guy and Irit
Katriel, for their unfailing support and long-time, unsettling activism.
Our heartfelt thanks go to all of the contributors to this book for
their patience and endurance of what has been a long project to bring
together. Their contributions have been thought-provoking and stimu-
lating. Finally, we are grateful to Felicity Plester, Sneha Kamat Bhavnani
and staff at Palgrave Macmillan for facilitating the production of this
book.
