Cultural Integration of Immigrants in Europe

359 Pages·2012·1.852 MB·English

by  Alberto Bisin

Cultural Integration of Immigrants in Europe
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Studies of Policy Reform
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Thisseriesbringsnewandinnovativepolicyresearchtotheforefrontof
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Titlespublishedintheseries
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CulturalIntegrationofImmigrantsinEurope
EditedbyYannAlgan,AlbertoBisin,AlanManning,andThierryVerdier
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Cultural Integration of
Immigrants in Europe
Edited by
Yann Algan, Alberto Bisin, Alan Manning,
and Thierry Verdier
1
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Contents
ListofFigures vi
ListofTables viii
ListofContributors xiv
1. Introduction:PerspectivesonCulturalIntegration
ofImmigrants 1
YannAlgan,AlbertoBisin,andThierryVerdier
2. CulturalIntegrationinFrance 49
YannAlgan,CamilleLandais,andClaudiaSenik
3. CulturalIntegrationinGermany 69
AmelieConstant,OlgaNottmeyer,andKlausZimmermann
4. CulturalIntegrationinItaly 125
AlbertoBisinandEleonoraPatacchini
5. CulturalIntegrationinSpain 148
SaradelaRicaandFrancescOrtega
6. CulturalIntegrationinSweden 172
LenaNekby
7. CulturalIntegrationinSwitzerland 210
PierreKohler
8. CulturalIntegrationintheUnitedKingdom 260
AlanManningandAndreasGeorgiadis
9. CulturalIntegrationintheUnitedStates 285
JacobVigdor
10. Conclusion:CulturalIntegrationofImmigrantsinEurope 301
YannAlganandMariyaAleksynska
Index 333
v
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List of Figures
1.1 ImmigrationflowsinEuropeancountries 2
1.2 Two-dimensionalidentitymodel(Berry,1997) 13
1.3 Multi-dimensionalmodels:asynthesis 20
1.4 Intergenerationaldynamicsofculturalgapsbetween
migrants/natives 25
3.1 Individualgapineducationbetweenspouses—men 112
3.2 Individualgapineducationbetweenspouses—women 112
3.3 Marriageprobability—men 113
3.4 Marriageprobability—women 113
3.5 Intermarriageprobability—men 114
3.6 Intermarriageprobability—women 114
3.7 Probabilityofbeingfirstmarriedbefore25—men 115
3.8 Probabilityofbeingfirstmarriedbefore25—women 115
3.9 Agegapbetweenspouses—men 116
3.10 Agegapbetweenspouses—women 116
3.11 Numberofchildren 117
3.12 Ageatfirstchildbirth 117
3.13 Politicalinterest—men 118
3.14 Politicalinterest—women 118
3.15 Riskattitude—men 119
3.16 Riskattitude—women 119
3.17 Overalllifesatisfaction—men 120
3.18 Overalllifesatisfaction—women 120
3.19 Femalelabourforceparticipation 121
4.1 Immigrationflows1993–2007 128
6.1 Distributionofacculturationidentity(self-assessed),
byregionoforigin 204
7.1 Migrantpopulationandrightwingpopulistpartiesin
Switzerland(1850–2011) 213
vi
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ListofFigures
7.2 Educationalattainment 226
7.3 Femaleeducationalattainment 228
7.4 Maleeducationalattainment 228
7.5 Marriage 229
7.6 Mixedcouples 232
7.7 Womeninmixedcouples 233
7.8 Meninmixedcouples 234
7.9 Cohabitation 236
7.10 Agegapbetweenpartners 237
7.11 Educationgapbetweenpartners 239
7.12 Completedfertilityrate 240
7.13 Divorce 241
7.14 Femalelabourforceparticipation 244
7.15 Mainlanguage 246
7.16 FeelingstowardsSwitzerland 247
7.17 Genderattitudes 248
7.18 Religiousattitudes 251
7.19 Politicalattitudes 254
10.1 Gapsinspeakingthedestinationcountry’slanguageathome
amongfirstandsecond-generationimmigrants 311
10.2 Gapsintheprobabilityofspeakingthelanguage(firstand
secondgeneration) 311
10.3 Gapsinreligiosityamongfirstandsecond-generationimmigrants 313
10.4 Gapsincitizenshipamongfirstandsecond-generationimmigrants 317
10.5 Gapsingeneralizedtrustamongfirstand
second-generationimmigrants 318
10.6 Gapsintrustinthepoliceamongfirstand
second-generationimmigrants 318
10.7 Thedimensionsofdiscrimination 319
10.8 Whofeelsdiscriminated,andwhere? 320
10.9 Gapsinperceiveddiscriminationfirstand
second-generationimmigrants 321
10.10 Gapsinunemploymentamongfirstandsecond-generation
immigrants 322
10.11 Gapsinprobabilityofoccupyingalow-skilledjob 325
vii
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List of Tables
2.1 OriginsofimmigrantsintheFrenchLabourForceSurvey2005–2007 50
2.2 OLSestimatesofcompletedfertilityratesbycountryoforigin
andimmigrationgeneration 55
2.3 Estimatesoftheageofthemotheratfirstbirthbycountry
oforiginandgenerationofimmigration 56
2.4 Estimatesoftheprobabilityofbeingmarriedatage25by
countryoforiginandgenerationofimmigration 57
2.5 Estimatesoftheprobabilityofbeingorhavingbeen
divorcedbycountryoforiginandgenerationofimmigration 58
2.6 Inter-ethnicmarriages 59
2.7 OLSestimatesoftheagegapbetweenhusbandandwifeforall
individualsbyethnicityandplaceofbirth 60
2.8 Gendergapinageleftfull-timeeducation 61
2.9 Ageleftfull-timeeducation 62
2.10 OLSestimatesofthegendergapinageleftcontinuousfull-time
educationbycountryoforigin,waveofimmigrationand
birthcohort 63
2.11 Estimatesoftheprobabilityofbeingemployedforwomen 65
2.12 EstimatesofthefeelingofFrenchidentity 66
2.13 Estimatesoftheprobabilityofspeakinginone’sforeignmother
tonguewithspouse,children,familyorneighbours 67
3.1 Immigrantshareontotalpopulation 75
3.2 Immigrantgroups 76
3.3 Generationaldistribution 77
3.4 Ethnicdistributionbygeneration 78
3.5 Averageyearsofschooling 79
3.6 Educationalgapsbetweenspousesbysexandgeneration 80
3.7 Estimatededucationalgapsbetweenspousesbyethnicityandsex 81
3.8 Maritalbehaviour 83
3.9 Averageage 83
viii
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ListofTables
3.10 Marriageprobability 85
3.11 Intermarriagerates 86
3.12 Intermarriageprobability 88
3.13 Marriedbeforetheageof25 89
3.14 Probabilityofbeingfirstmarriedbeforeageof25 90
3.15 Averageagegapbetweenspouses 91
3.16 Agegapbetweenspouses 92
3.17 Averagenumberofchildrenperwoman 93
3.18 Numberofchildren 94
3.19 Ageatfirstchildbirth,ethnicorigincomparedwithfirst
andsecondgeneration 95
3.20 Ageatfirstchildbirth,ethnicoriginforwomenover40 96
3.21 Religiousaffiliation 97
3.22 Languageproficiency 98
3.23 Politicalinterest,ethnicoriginforwomenandmen,first
andsecondgeneration 100
3.24 Politicalinterest,ethnicoriginforwomenandmen 101
3.25 IdentificationwithGermany 102
3.26 Identificationwithcountryoforigin 102
3.27 Riskattitude,ethnicoriginforwomenandmen,first
andsecondgeneration 103
3.28 Riskattitude,ethnicoriginforwomenandmen 104
3.29 Overalllifesatisfaction,ethnicoriginforwomenandmen,
firstandsecondgeneration 105
3.30 Overalllifesatisfaction,ethnicoriginforwomenandmen 106
3.31 Femalelabourforceparticipation,ethnicorigincompared
withunemployment,employment,andschooling 107
3.32 Femalelabourforceparticipation 108
4.1 Immigrantsbycountryoforigin,generation,andgender 129
4.2 Immigrantsbyageandgeneration 130
4.3 Immigrantsbyyearssincearrivalandcountryoforigin 130
4.4 Summarydatadescription(%) 132
4.5 Education—descriptivestatistics 133
4.6 Immigrants’educationgapwithrespecttonatives—allimmigrants 134
4.7 Immigrants’educationgapwithrespecttonatives.
Probitestimationresults—males 135
ix
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