Table Of ContentINTRODUCTIONT O THE TRANSACTION
EDITION
HERBERT BLUMER
Ther epubliocfma ytc iroint oifqT uhPeeo lPiesahs iann t
EuroapneAd m erpircoav iadnoe psp orttuonc iotmym ent
ons evecrraulcm ieatlh odoliosgswiuhceiasccl oh n titnou e
plagsuoec ioalnosdgo yc ial psMyycc rhiotlioqguye., which
wapsu bliisnh1 e9d3w 9a,ps r epairnre eds potnoas r ee
queosftt hEex ecuCtoimvmei totfte heSe o cSicali ence
ReseaCrocuhn cThialct.o mmihtatdfe eetl htat ths eo cial
sciecnocueblsed n effrioatms earching eoxfta hmei nation
methodolcohgaircaaoclfto eurt stapnideicnoegfrs e
searicnsh e vesroaclsi caile nIcnte hsce.a soefs ociology,
thseo ciolwohgowi esrtceso nsualgtreedoe vde rwhelm
ingtlhyTa hto maansZd n ani'ePscoklPiiesahswaanbsty f ar
thmeo sdti stingrueissehasertdcu hid nyt hefiire Mlyd .
critoifqt uhewi osr wka rse garadsse udf ficiiemnptolry
tatntow arraac notn feroefen mcien secnhto tloda irssc uss
thmee thodoliosgsitucheaasIhlt a dr ai.sT ehdec ritique,
thceo nferdeinscceu sasnidaof nessw,e parcaotmem en
tarairerese prodiuntc hecedu rrpeunbtl ication.
Beforaed drestshmieen tgh odologicwahli cphr,o blems
asIs acyo,n titnohu aeu snotc ioilitoos gf sy o,m ien terest
tor efleocntt h gee newraayil nw hiTchhPe o lPiesahs iasn t
viewteodd aayp,pr oxifmoartteyl yy emayrc sr iatfitqeure
ansdo msei xyteyaa rfstt ehre sMtyui dmyp.r esistsih oant
sociolwohgohi asvcteos m oen t hsec esnien Wcoer lWda r
[)v
IIh avvee rlyi tftalmei lwiiatrthih wteoy r akn dw oulbde
harpdu tto i denetviefanfy e owf t hmea nvyi tmaalt ters
thaittc onsidTehrieasdb .s eonfce ev eanm odicoufm
firsthfaanmdi lwiiatrthihw teoy r iksa ltlh meo rseu rpris
inignv ieowft heex alptoesdi wthiioTcnhh Pe o lish Peasant
hadi nA meriscoacni oilnto hgpeye rifordo 1m9 2t0o
194T0h.e riens o d outbhtai tnt h1e9 2a0nsd1 93T0hse,
Polish wPaevsai seawenextdt ensiinsv oecliyo lcoigricclaels
att hfei neexshti obfai dtv anscoecdi olroegsiecaaarnlcd h
theoreticTahla ttah nweao lrsykhs oiushla.dv m eo vesdo
drastaincdas loql uyi cklyt hficrseo nmtp roasli toifo n
sociolcoogniccpeaorlsna e m so sitn terepsrtoibnlfgeo mr
socioloofkg nioswtlseT dhgese h.ic fatn nboeat t tributed,
ass ommei ghnta ivaeslsyu mtoea , d isplacoefam ent
melioirnitsetbriyeac ss cti enitnitfeiTrcheP eso tl;Pi esahs
anwta sa ctuaah lulgyse c holeafrfltoyorfi tn do uwth at
wagso ionngi nc ontemphourmaarsnyo ciienpt lya ocfe
beianp gl afnot rh ree foorfhm u masno ciNeotcrya .n the
loosfss o cioliongtieicrnTae hlse t PPoelaisbsaehan stc ribed
toa c hartgheat th ger oulpi afnedt hger ouppr oblems
witwhh iciwht acso nceranrneeo dl ongaep ra rotfo ur
contempwoorralrSdyu. ca hc harhgaens o f oundation
whatsoseivntechrewe, o rwka vse rcyl eafrolcyuo snet dh e
profound chapnlgaeicsnme o tdaekrinn glg irafoneud p
humaenx perienscheif-frttohr meu raaglr,i cullitfuer al
tou rbainn,d usltirafineatd lh m ei ngloifpn ego ples from
divecrusletb uarcaklg roIunnddeses.dh ,o uilptdo ibnet ed
outth aTth omacsh otshePe o lipseho pfloesr t undoyt
becaoufsa en ys peciinatle irnet shte mb,ur ta thaesr
a
convengireonuftpot rh ies olaotfti hopenr oceosfss oes
cicahla nagtwe o riknm odesronc iFeutryt.hi ectra ,n not
bes awiidt ahnj yu stifitchasatotic oino looftg hpiers etsse nt
generahtaivloeon is ntt eirnTe hsPeto lPiesahs baencta use
[vi]
thweo rdko enso ptr esaenni tn tegraantdce adr efully
thoughbto-dooyuf st o ctihaelo troyt ;hc eo ntrTahrey ,
PolPiesahs caonntt aati hneso reticoaftl h es cnhaetmuer e
ofh uman glriotfuhepai ctso mpreheenlsaibvolero,ag te,
ic,aa lndv ercyl eNaorr.fi, n aliltsyh ,le o osfss ociological
inteirnTe hsPeto lPiesahs taobn ete xplabiyan nea dl leged
abseonfce em pirdiacttaahl ag ti vseu ppormte aannidn g
tot heex tenssoicvtieha elo prrye sebnytt ehdae u thors.
Thec ontriasor,fcy o urtshece,a sper;o banbosl oyc iologi
caslt uadnyy whreerfel gercetasdt ielri gaennedcx eh aus
tiveinengs ast herreilnegv eamnpti rdiactatalh awna s
donient hcea soefT hPeo lPiesahs ant.
Weh avteh einnT hPeo lPiesahs aanen xtt enpsiieovcfee
sociolroegsicechaap,rlr obambolryee x tentshiavanen y
otheevred ro noen;de e vottoet dhs et uadnyda naloyfs is
thcee nttrhaelo reptriocbalolef m sc hangpel aticanek ing
modern sooncoeip eetrya;wt iitanhc g o mpreheannsdi ve
careftuhloluyg htth-eoourtef triacmaelwo onrek ;g ather
inagn du sianb go doyfe mpirdiacttaahl a itns izaen d
caresfeulle cttoiwoeonrv sew rh aitsu suaplrleys einnt ed
sociolroegsiecaaarlnc dho ;n et haetn joyuendr ivaled
accloafis mo cioloofig tipsse trsiW ohdy.s housludca h
worlka rgely fdriossmao pcpieoalcroo gnicceAar lnm ?� or
portoifot nh aen swperro babliynt hlpeiu ezsz lainndg
undecipshheirofeftid sn tetrheatstat k pel agceen erally
inh umagnr oulpi fes-hai fptrioncgte hsamsto st sociolo
gisatrsse c aracwealoryfe a ,n dt havte rfye wi,af n ye,v er
studMyu.c hha hsa ppeinnet dh hea lcfe nttuhrayht a s
passseidnt chehe e ydoafTy h Peo lPiesahs naenwfit g:u res,
newp oinotfvs i enwe,wc lainmeswp, r etennseiwco onns,
trovenreswit ehse,o rnieewts a,s, ta ensdn ewp reoccupa
tioInnst .h vea sste lecptriovcweeh sisci hsu nderiwna y
thcihsu rnairnegnt ahr,ee direocfat titoenna tniidon nt er-
[v ii]
esitcs o mmonb.e lIit ehvaTeth P eo lPiesahs haanbste en
caugihntt h ipsr ocaensdhs a nso fta rweedl ilni tB.u t
beyotnhdli osis nsi mportcaanucsbeey td h seh ifotfi ng
interTehsPeto slP,ie sahs haancste asteobd e a m odeolf
reseaprrcohc eadnudtr he eoraentiaclbayelsc iasou fis tes
methodolsotgainScciaenl.tc heim se thodolls otgainccae
laaytt hhee aorftm yc ritoifqT uhPeeo lPiesahs aanndt
constitthcueet netdcr oanlc oefrt nhs eu bseqcuoennfte r
encoefs cholIwa orusl,ld i tkoei denittain fdsy h otwh e
inescaipsasbtuloewe sh iicgtha vrei se.
Theb aspirce moifsT eh omaansZd n anieacpkpir'osa ch
inT hPeo lPiesahs waantsth ahtu magnr oulpic foen soifs ts
thien teropf"l oabyj ecatnid"v seu"b jefcatcitvBoeor"ts h.
oft hefsaec taordrees c latrobe epd r esienan ntay n edv ery
instoafin ncdei vaindcduo alll escotcaiicvateli a onntd,h us
botfha ctmourssbt e i ncluidnee xdp lanaotfgi roopnu s
lifLeem.te e xpltahipinrs e maisss ei mpalspy o ssiIbtl e.
meantsh ianta nayn edv eirnys toafns coeca icatl(i sounc h
asa p ersbouny ifnogo adt,t encdhiunrgec nht,e riinntgo
marriraogbeb,ai v nigc tsitmu,d yfioanrng e xamiinoant,
orap oligtriocouarplg aniacz aimnpga oirgal n e,g islature
enactali anwgt) ha ec tiinngd ivoirdg uraoluh pat sod eal
witahs eotfo utsciidrec umsptaarntciecsau,s l eaotrf l y
groruupl aests oh owt o tahcetcs;ie r cumsatnasdno cceisa l
rulceosn sttihtoeub tjee csteitvtoeift n hgge i vleinno ef
actiAottn h.se a mtei mteh,ae c t(owrh etihbtee ar ni ndi
viduaanol r,g anciozlelde ,co trai nva igtgyreogfai tndei
viduaaplpsr)o atchheoesbsej ecctoinvdeiw tiitaosh ne sot f
subjedcitsiptvoieso, sin uscahsw ishaepsp,e thiotpeess,,
ferasa,v eorns,sii ntentainodpn lsa,nS so.c iaacltn i,oo r
what peorpelseuf lrdtotosmh, ce o mbinoaftt hioeob nj ec
ticvoen diatnitdoh nsesu bjedcitsipvoes tihtiaitstoos n asy;
thaatp ersaocntt so wasrodm ethtihnahgta asg roup
[viii]
meani(ntgho eb jecftaicvteyo erht)e ,a cttso watrhda t
thiinnrg e spotnohs oewh ef eealbso iuattn hdo wh es izes
itu p( thseu bjecftaicrvt)eTo. h omaasn dZ naniecki
lumpaeldol ft hseu bjefcatcituvonerd set hrce e ntcroanl
cepotf" tatituadnetdsh o"eb jecctoinvdei utnidoetnrhs e
centcroanlc oepf"t v al.u"Te hses tuadnyd a nalysis of
groulpia fnedo ft haec tioofan c tohratsso b em adien
teromfts h jeo ipnltao yfa ttitaunvddae lsu Tehsei. m plica
tioonft hpirse mfiostreh set uodfys occihaaln (gwei th
whicThh omaasn dZ naniweecrkpeir edomincaonntly
cernsehdo)u bledc ormeea daiplpya rAesnl to.na gst he
valuaensdt haet titiundceistd oea nntly i onefa ctiaroen
fixeidnr elattoie oanc h otthhleei rno,efa ction remains
constaanndst t abCloen.t rarcihwainsigenea, c tiiosn
bountdoo cciuftr h aec twohrop osseass seetsf ioxfe d
attiteundceosu nnteewvr asl uoerss o criualloe rsi ,ft he
actborri nngeswa ttittuobd eeausrp ofni xveadl uiens ;
othewro rds, cshoacniigsate lo b et racteoed i thae r
chanignve a lu(eosb jefcatcitvooerarc sh)a nignae t titudes
(subjectiver edciosgpnotishzibaitotnit ogohft n hse)fs,ae c
torasrn ee cessjaoriinpltryle ysi enen vte irnys toafns coe
ciaaclt iTohno.m aasn dZ nanireicvkeitt hetidhs o uignh t
theiidre oaf" laowfss ocbieaclo mianl ga"ow;f s ocial
becomcionngs iosfatg eidvn eenwa ttiptluadyeui pnogan
giveesnt ablviaslohureean d, e wv alpulea yoinan nge stab
lisahtetdi tude.
Thomaasn dZ naniuescektdih ibsa spirce miosfae n
inteyro pfal tatitaundvdea sl uteods e vetlhoeppi rro cedure
fotrh set uodfyh umagnr oulpi fSei.ns coec aicatlir oen
sulftrsot mh wea yi nw hitchhae c tsoerea sn di nterprets
thoeb jecctoinvdei twiiotwnhhs i chheh atso d eailti, s
necestsoea mrpyl aom ye thtohda t chaitpsce hrecse ption
andh iisn terpreTthaert eisoena.ir ncsht rutmheantt
[i x]
woulddot hitsh,aw to uladl ltohwie d entifoiftc haet ion
subjeeclteimveewn atsf, o Trh omaasn dZ nanitehcek i
"humadno cumeTnhtu.st",h u es oef t hheu madno cu
menbte catmhepe r edomirneasnetap rrcohc edeumre
ploybeydt haeu thionri sd entiafnydai nnagl ytzhien g
profosuoncdci haaln tgaekspi lnagic nte h pee assaoncti ety
inP olaannddt hper ofocuhnadn igneh su macno nduct
ands ociinaslt ittuatkiiponlngas ac meo nPgo liismhm i
granitnAs m ericciatnTi heeps r.i mhaurmya dno cuments
thtath euys ecdo nsiosf(t )1ve adns utm beorflse twtreirts
tebna cakn df ortchh,i eiflnys iodff ea micliyr c(l2ea)s ,
larnguem boefrv arileihdfi es toarnaidue tso biographical
accouannt(ds3 a,)l arnguem boefrc o mmunicfartoimo ns
Polpiesohp tlone e wspaipnPe orlsa annddi n t hUen ited
StatSetsu.d ewnhtots u rtnoT hPeo lPiesahs aasnIh t o,p e
manoyft hnee wgere nerawtibileoll n et dod ow,i flilna dn
abundaanlcmeoa,ss tu perabunodfsa uncdchoe c,u men
tarmya teruisaebldyts h aeu thtoocr asr oruytt h eainra ly
SIS.
Nowt,or etutrotn h lei noeft houwghhitc Iwh a esx
pressafi enpwga ragrbaapchIkss ,u sptehcattth m ea jor
explanoafwt hiyTo hnPe o lPiesahs haanvsta nisfhreoidmt s
previpooussi otfioo unt standing iisdm upepo rretance
cisteoil typs r emtihsa(e)t 1o nhea tsoi ncltuhdseeu bjec
tievlee miennt ths eo ciolaongailcoyafhsl ui msa sno ciety,
and( 2t)h aotn ec atcthheiessl emetnhtr ouhguhm an
documesnutcashs l ettaenrdls i hfies toArmieersi.c an
sociosliongWcyoe r lWda rI Ih assh ifvteermdya rkedly
frobmo tohft hepsoes itIiitobs ne sl.i teovdetadhy ag te n
eralizaartteio bo esn osu gahntdt haatn alyasrteeo sb e
madien t hfeo romf r elatainodcn osr relbaettiwoenesn
"objective" vareivaebwnlh eesns. o ciFoulrotghiecra,l
scholarasere sn sittosi ov-ec aslulbejde fcatcitvtoehr esy,
(x]
arhei ghly tuonr leilokynle eltyt aenrdls i hfies totroi es
catch such fatchtmeoa rissnt. r eoIafncm o nstheomrtp,o
rarsyo cioltohgoiucgiahslnt o tm ereilnyd iffteor ent
Thomaasn dZ naniebcaksii'cs pbruestme iesmtesob e
vigoroopupsolsye tdh pert eo miTsoie l.tl ruasItf ei,n d it
verdyi fftiocc ounlctet ihvaaetnc yo ntempdoirsapreyn ser
ofr eseafrucnhdw sh,e tihbtee ra p rivfaotuen daotrai on
governmaegnetnawcloy u,lg di vaen ys ericoounss idera
tiotnoa r eseaprrcohp otshaawlta d sr awunpi nt eromfs
Thomaasn dZ naniebcakspiir'ces m iIsned.e ieitd sn, o t
difftioci umlatg tihngeeu ffatwhsa wto ulgdr eaec to n
temporsaurbym isosfai nao pnp licfaoftrui nosdnus c ahs
Thomaasnd Z naniheacdik nmi i nidnt hesitru odfyt he
Polipseha saTnhter. e viewwoeurlsad s tkh feo llowing
questWihoanitssy . o uprr oblWehma?it sy oupro pula
tioWnh?a itys ourre presesnatmaptoliftev h eap to pula
tioHno?wa ryeo guo itnogd evetlhoaspta mpWlhea?it s
youcro ntgrrooluW ph?a atr e yvoaruira Wbhlaeityss o? u r
hypothWehsaiatsr ?te h ien strutmheayntot uas r geo ing
tou set og eyto udra tDao?y ouirn strupmreonvtisd e
quantidtaattTaih?vo em awso ulhda vbee etno uor bane
ancdo uragaep oeursst ooqn u abielf oabr aer roafsg uec h
contempqoureasrtyi hoewn osu;l pdt obahbalvyje u st
turnaewdai yna s piorfri itg htdeiosugsAu tsa tnr.ya tiet,
issa fteos atyh iahtfe h ad thoar de olnyt hset andoafr ds
conteamrpfyo urngdr antaignegn chiiemsso ,n umental
stu(d"ym onumehnatbsae let"nh ceu stocmhaarrya cteri
zatoifoT nhP eo lhPi essaanwto)u lnde vhearv bee emna de.
Thisst arstulrimnsighs oeu flodru cste o a ne xamination
andar eexamionfwa htaiItro enf teoar s t hbea smiect h
odologiiscsausleeb sty T heP olPiesaahns tT.h esies sues
contitnolu ieaet t hceo roefs ociological inquiry despite
thceu rrpernotp etnosi igtnyot rheeo mrt od etoaurro und
theAmn. examionfta htieis osnwu aeussn dertianmk ye n
[x i]
critainqidun te h ceo nferoenmn ycc er itique. A reexami
natiiosin no rdeirnt, h lei gohfct l otsofe o ryteya orfs
develospmientnchtece r itainqtduh ece o nferLeenmtce e .
firsstu mmartihziees stuheaswt e rber ougohubtty m y
critainqdiu nte h ceo nferdeinscceu osfst ihcoern i tique.
Inm yr atheexrt encsriivteIi s qouueg thomt a kteh e
follopwoiinnFgti sr,.Ts htomaasn dZ naniheacdsk uis
tainreadt hdeerc istihveeciloryn tentthiasoton ca icatli on
sprifnrgossm o -called dissupbojseaicnttdtii hovanet s,
consequseuncdthil syp,o shiatvtieobeo nisn cluidnae ndy
sociolaongailcoyafssl oi csai catliS oenc.ot ndh,ec ilra oifm
establliaswohsfis nogcc ihaaln (g"els oa fws ocbieaclo m
ingh"a)dn os ubstbaenccaeou fsb ea sdiecf iciienn cies
theciorn ceopf"t ast titu"dvea"l Tuaheni.dtr" hd he,u man
documetnhtatsth euys ed (lleihtfitese troser,ti cde.is)d,
noeti tphreorov red isprtohvveae l iodfti hteygi ern eral
izatainodtn hse oredteiccliaaolrn aYste.jt ou,rtdhe,s pite
thfea ilouftr hehe u madno cumetnomt ese tth tee osft
scienctriift(iercre ipar esenotfad taitavade,en qeusoasfc y
datrae,l iaobfid laittaayn, d d ecisiovfed naetstash) e
documendtaatdraiyc d l araingfdiy vseu pptootr hte oreti
caals seratnidor,ne sc iprtohcteah leloyr,e tical assertions
illumiannadct leadr itfhdieae tdta h;si esat n a nomalous
relabteitowne tehne oarnydd atiant hues oef h uman
documeInittis sn .t eretson toittnehg at thp ea rticiinp ants
thceo nferaegnrceete hdaI th ade stabltihsfeho eudr
pointthsaI t h avsep eciifnit ehdip sa ragrCaopnh.
sequeanstw liylb,lep ercebiyvr eeda dtihnvege rbatim
accoouftn htce o nfertehndeci es,c utsusrinolenad r gteol y
thdei lemwmhai cIph o seidns ummiunpgm yc ritique;
nametlhyao,tn o nhea nidit,as b solnuetceelsyts oia nry
clutdhere e levsaunbtj eeclteimveein nat sso ciological
analoyfhs uimsa sno ciyeetotyn,t, h oet hhearn tdh,ie n
strumentsd o(chuummefanontgr se )t tsiuncsghu bjective
[xii]
elemednot sna oltl otwom euestt h ceu stocmrairtyfe orri a
sciendtaitfai.c
Ther eadcearfn o lltohdwei scuasssi tito oonpk l aicne
thceo nferweintrchee g atrotd h dei lemwmhai Icp ho sed.
Thec onfewreerveees r ayb lsec hoflraorsmso cainapdls y
cholosgciiceatnlhc eehy;a dr icbha ckgrooufdn idvse r
sifeixepde ritehnewcyee r;se o phistaincdla etaeridnn e d
theriers pveetc hteioreticalm poesortfts hpeehmca tdi ves;
extenesxipveer iiensn occei olaongdpi scyaclh olroegical
searIcithms .o sitn teretsost ehieon wgw, i tthh einsv iable
equipmtehneatyd, d retshsceee dn tmreatlh odoldoigical
lemmIap .u tth mea ttientr h wiasyt oe mphatshiaztteh e
methodoliosgstiuhcewaasetl r rea iisnet dhc eo nsideration
ofT hPeo lPiesahs aarnsett wiiltulhs -wiutsih na w atyh at
isp erhamposrt ee lltiondgta hya intw asah alcfe ntury
agoI.iti s no rdteorr e contshiedmseeert hodolqougeiscal
tions.
Ourr econsidweirldalet awilio tnth h rfeuen damental
methodollq ougeisct(ai)1oi nisstt :r uteh agte nusioncei o
logiacnaallo yfhs uimsa gnr oulpih faets oi nclsuujdbee c
tifvaec t(o2ri)ssf ;o a ,r "eh umdaonc umeann tesc"e ssary
ora ppropirnisattreuf moceran ttc hsiujnbegce tf iavctors;
and( 3i)fh u madno cumeanrtaers e quirreesde airnch
strumdeotn hte mye etth cer itoefar " isac ienitnisfitcr"u
mentT.h er eadsehro uklede ipnm intdh aTth Peo lish
Peaswaangstr ounmdeetdh odoloonga inac fafilrlmya tive
answteoar l tlh roefet heqsuee stIiw oinssth.oc onsider
eacohft hteh rqeuee stions.
1.T hPela coeSf u bjeFcatcsiti vonSer o cioAlnoagilcyasli s.
ThomaansdZ naniaercuekn ie quiivnto hceacilor n ten
tiotnh astu bjefcatcitvaoerra esn i ntepgarraotlfh uman
groulpia fnetd h aatc,c ordtihnemgyul sybt,ei ncluidne d
[xiii]
sociolaongailcyaasnled ps r oposITthieoitnrhs e.sa iss ,
stated iastb hoavte ,ab crtiosnrugsb jedcitsipvoes itions
(impuwlissehshe,os p,ef se,a arnsx,i eitniteesn,ta inodn s,
plantsot) h oeb jecstoicvsieea tlt iinnw ghsi cthh eayc t;
actirveistufylr totsmh ceo mbinoaftt ihgoein v seunb jec
tidvies posaintdti hogeni sv oebnj ecctonidviet iTohniss.
centproasli otfis ounb jedcitsipvoes iistt obi eon nost ed,
especiianTl hloym,aa sn dZ nnaiectkhie'osor fsy o cial
chanAgcec.o rtdopi anrgot ft htihse oarnyy, objective
new
socairarla ngceommeenistn to obnelaiysan r ge souftl hte
plaoyfn ews ubjedcitsipvoes oint itohnes psroecviiaolu s
arrangeAmsIe h natvs.ea iadb ovtehp,ea rticiintp haen ts
conferdeenaclweii ntmghy c ritoifTq huPeeo lPiesahs ant
dindo tta keex cepttoTi hoonm aansZd n ainecckoin'tse n
tioanst ot he unavpoliaadcnaerdb o lloeef s ubjedcitsive
positiinho unmsag nr oulpi fYee.tt ,o datyhc,io sn tention
isw iderleyj eocrti egdn obryes do ciolIotbg eicsotmse.s
advisable, taorc eceoxradmtiihnnieges l sypu,oe s ebdy
ThomaansdZ naencikcio'nst enntaimoentl,hyq e,u estion
ofw hethseurb jedcitsipvoes hiatvtieoob n eas p arpta,r i
paus,os fs ociolaongailcyasli s.
Theraert ew poo inotfv si ehwe lbdym ansyo ciologists
todwahyi lceha adu tomattiotc haeelx lcyl uosfsi uobnj ec
tifvaec tforrossmo ciolsotguiadcnyad l explOannea tion.
oft heisste h "eb ehavipoorsiisttthiiaocstn"c ienitnific
quirreyq uitrhueess oe f o nl"yo bjecdtaitivanae; c" c or
danwciett hhv iise ws,u bajlel(c "tmievnet ailtiessmutsci hc ")
asw ishpeusr,p osheosp,ee st,cm .u sbte r igorously
exclufdreodrm e seaprrcohc edaunrdfe r otmh eocraelt i
proposiTthieo nowsti.hd eers pproeiaondfvt i eiwts h aat
humasno ciiesat ney n tiinti yto sw nr igchotn,s iosft ing
strucptaurrttahslat tr ansicnednidv iadnuodape lrsa,t ing
int hfeo romf i nterabcettiwoetneh nes soec ietal parts.
[xiv]
