Critical urban infrastructure handbook

572 Pages·2014·68.936 MB·English

by  Masanori Hamada, T Koike, Doboku Gakkai

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Critical Urban Infrastructure Handbook
Hamada
“This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of the design, construction, and
management of critical infrastructures that underpin economic and socioeconomic
activities in urban cities. All major infrastructures are covered: water supply, sewerage,
gas, electricity, and telecommunication. The contributors of the handbook have
profound knowledge and experience in individual fields and discuss the key essentials of C
infrastructure engineering and risk management in a concise manner. A unique aspect
of this handbook is the disaster prevention and mitigation section, which is based on a r
long history of learned lessons dealing with the past disasters in Japan. This is a handy i
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technical and professional book.”
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—Katsu Goda, University of Bristol, UK
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“This is an excellent handbook written by experts in the fields of water pipeline systems,
sewerage systems, natural gas distribution systems, electric power systems, and l
telecommunication systems. The collaborative work by the contributors has produced a
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reference material that can be of practical use to engineers, practitioners, and stakeholders
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involved in the construction, maintenance, disaster prevention, and mitigation of urban r IInnffrraassttrruuccttuurree
lifeline systems. ... Senior undergraduate and graduate students will also benefit from this ab
excellent reference material.”
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—Lessandro Estelito O. Garciano, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines
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Represents the State of the Art in Urban Lifeline Engineering
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Urban lifelines are buried or aboveground network systems used for water, sewerage,
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gas, power, and telecommunications. Dedicated to preserving the functions of lifeline n
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systems against natural disasters, the Critical Urban Infrastructure Handbook is a vital
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compilation of urban utility management. This text utilizes the input of leading experts or Japan Society of Civil Engineers
with extensive experience in natural disasters and provides a better understanding of the a
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technical and legal framework of infrastructure construction and operation.
Critical Urban Infrastructure Committee
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Examine the Damage Data of Urban Lifelines Suffered by Seismic Disasters t
r M. Hamada, Editor-in-Chief
The book addresses water supply and sewerage, power, gas, telecommunications joint
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utility corridor lifeline facilities, and other critical civil infrastructure lifelines. It emphasizes
the importance of the resilience of lifeline systems against natural disasters in protecting c
human lives and supporting survivors of disasters as well as in promptly recovering and
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reconstructing the affected areas. It describes the structural damage of nodes and links
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as well as the functional damage of the lifeline system from the viewpoint of disaster
prevention and mitigation measures. r
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The Critical Urban Infrastructure Handbook comprehensively describes common
issues of lifeline systems and provides practical information to engineers and industry
professionals involved in the planning, construction, and maintenance of lifeline systems.
K20543
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Critical Urban
Infrastructure
Handbook
Editorial Board
Japan Society of Civil Engineers,
Critical Urban Infrastructure Committee
M. Hamada, Editor-in-Chief
T. Koike
T. Suzuki
C. Scawthorn
N. Suzuki
K. Ohtomo
Y. Shumuta
J. Koseki
R. Kuwano
H. Horikawa
F. Sugino
K. Sakaki
Critical Urban
Infrastructure
Handbook
Edited by
Japan Society of Civil Engineers
M. Hamada, Editor-in-Chief
Editors
T. Koike, T. Suzuki, C. Scawthorn
N. Suzuki, K. Ohtomo, Y. Shumuta
J. Koseki, R. Kuwano, H. Horikawa
F. Sugino, K. Sakaki
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2015 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Version Date: 20141110
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4665-9205-6 (eBook - PDF)
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Contents
Preface......................................................................................................................vii
Editors. ......................................................................................................................ix
Contributors .............................................................................................................xi
Section i General Remarks of Lifeline Services
1 General ..............................................................................................................3
Masanori Hamada
2 Water Supply System: Planning Aspects ........................................................ 11
Takeshi Koike
3 Sewerage System: Planning Aspects ...............................................................27
Masanori Hamada
4 Natural Gas Distribution System: Planning Aspects .....................................45
Nobuhisa Suzuki and Hiroyuki Horikawa
5 Electric Power System: Network and Components ........................................ 61
Keizo Ohtomo and Yoshiharu Shumuta
6 Telecommunication System: Network and Components ...............................67
Takanobu Suzuki, Fumihide Sugino, and Katsumi Sakaki
Section ii construction technology of Lifeline Pipelines
and its Facilities
7 General ............................................................................................................87
Nobuhisa Suzuki and Hiroyuki Horikawa
8 Water Supply System: Design Aspects ............................................................95
Takeshi Koike
9 Sewerage System: Design Aspects. ................................................................ 153
Masanori Hamada
v
vi Contents
10 Natural Gas Distribution System: Design Aspects ...................................... 171
Nobuhisa Suzuki and Hiroyuki Horikawa
11 Electric Power System: Design Aspects ........................................................ 201
Keizo Ohtomo and Yoshiharu Shumuta
12 Telecommunication System: Design Aspects ................................................211
Takanobu Suzuki, Fumihide Sugino, and Katsumi Sakaki
Section iii Maintenance technologies of Lifelines
13 General ..........................................................................................................261
Takanobu Suzuki
14 Water Supply System: Maintenance Technologies ....................................... 275
Takeshi Koike
15 Sewerage System: Maintenance Technologies .............................................. 325
Masanori Hamada
16 Natural Gas Distribution System: Maintenance Technologies .................... 335
Nobuhisa Suzuki and Hiroyuki Horikawa
17 Electric Power System: Maintenance Technologies .....................................343
Keizo Ohtomo and Yoshiharu Shumuta
18 Telecommunication System: Maintenance Technologies. ............................347
Takanobu Suzuki, Fumihide Sugino, and Katsumi Sakaki
Section iV D isaster Prevention and Mitigation
technologies of Lifelines
19 General ..........................................................................................................383
Takeshi Koike
20 Water Supply System: Mitigation Technologies ........................................... 401
Takeshi Koike
21 Sewerage System: Mitigation Technologies ..................................................439
Junichi Koseki and Reiko Kuwano
22 Natural Gas Distribution System: Mitigation Technologies. .......................485
Nobuhisa Suzuki and Hiroyuki Horikawa
23 Electric Power System: Mitigation Measures ...............................................497
Keizo Ohtomo and Yoshiharu Shumuta
24 Telecommunication System: Mitigation Measures ...................................... 519
Takanobu Suzuki, Fumihide Sugino, and Katsumi Sakaki
Preface
The Japan Society of Civil Engineers has been promoting the development of technologies and the accu-
mulation of knowledge for design and construction, management and maintenance, disaster preven-
tion, and environmental measures for lifeline systems. In addition, lifeline operators and enterprises
have also made every effort to advance the services and reliability of their systems. Based on these
contributions, this handbook summarizes the state of the art of lifeline engineering and directions for
future research.
Even as this handbook was being written the March 11, 2011, magnitude 9.0 Tohoku earthquake
(Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster) struck the northeast region of Japan. It was the
largest earthquake in Japanese history. As a result of the destructive effects, including a tsunami, ground
motion, soil liquefaction, and slope failure, the toll of dead and missing was 18,641 as of October 31,
2012. Thus, it was the severest disaster over the last half century in Japan. Numerous facilities of lifeline
systems such as sewerage, water, electricity, and telecommunication were severely damaged, and the
urban functioning of the affected areas was paralyzed for a long time. The Tohoku earthquake reminded
us of the importance of the resilience of lifeline systems against natural disasters in protecting human
lives and supporting the lives of survivors of disasters as well as promptly recovering and reconstructing
the affected areas.
Technology development and knowledge accumulation have generally been carried out indepen-
dently for each lifeline system, with technical guidelines and standards for the design and construction
defined separately. However, many common issues exist among the lifeline systems, particularly related
to design and construction, maintenance and management, disaster reduction, and environment pres-
ervation. Furthermore, loss of function of a lifeline system strongly affects the function of other lifeline
systems, and the overcrowding of recovery works among lifeline systems after natural disasters delays
restoration and reconstruction of the damaged areas. One of the purposes of this handbook is to com-
prehensively describe common issues among various kinds of lifeline systems that will be of practical
use to engineers and concerned parties.
The frequency of natural disasters such as earthquakes, storms, floods, and landslides has been
increasing globally in recent years. The reasons for this are believed to be changes in the natural envi-
ronment on a global scale and society’s increasing vulnerability against natural hazards. The natural
environment is changing rapidly, including global warming, heat island effects in urbanized areas,
loss of forests and arable land, desertification, and erosion of riverbanks and seacoasts. Vulnerability
to natural disasters is also increasing as a result of changes in social structures and land use, such as
excessive population concentrations in urban regions, increased settlement in disaster-prone land, and
depopulation of rural areas.
vii
viii Preface
Under these conditions, preserving the functions of lifeline systems against increasing natural disas-
ters is essential to create a safer, more secure society as well as to protect human lives. This requires
proper maintenance of facilities and enhancement of the disaster-resistance capabilities of lifeline
systems.
We hope this handbook will prove useful to engineers, operators, and other parties concerned with
planning, constructing, and maintaining lifeline systems. Finally, we express our sincere gratitude to
the authors and the members of the editing committee.
Organizing members
Masanori Hamada
Takeshi Koike
Takanobu Suzuki
Charles Scawthorn