Crime Prevention Policies in Comparative Perspective

293 Pages·2013·6.796 MB·English

by  Crawford, Adam

Crime Prevention
Policies in
Comparative Perspective
Edited by
Adam Crawford
WILLAN
PUBLISHING
Crime Prevention Policies in
Comparative Perspective
Crime Prevention Policies in
Comparative Perspective
Edited by
Adam Crawford
Published by
Willan Publishing
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Mill Street, Uffculme
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© The editor and contributors 2009
All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
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First published 2009
ISBN 978-1-84392-412-8 paperback
978-1-84392-413-5 hardback
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
FSC
Project management by Deer Park Productions, Tavistock, Devon
Typeset by TW Typesetting, Plymouth, Devon
Printed and bound by T J International Ltd, Trecerus Industrial Estate, Padstow, Cornwall
Contents
Figures and tables vii
Acknowledgemen ts ix
Notes on contributors xi
Introduction: The preventive turn in Europe xv
Adam Crawford
1 Situating crime prevention policies in comparative
perspective: policy travels, transfer and translation 1
Adam Crazvford
2 The political evolution of situational crime prevention in
England and Wales 38
Tim Hope
3 The preventive turn and the promotion of safer communities
in England and Wales: political inventiveness and
governmental instabilities 62
Adam Edwards and Gordon Hughes
4 The development of community safety in Scotland:
a different path? 86
Alistair Henry
5 The evolving story of crime prevention in France 110
Anne Wyvekens
6 Forty years of crime prevention in the Dutch polder 130
Jan J.M. Van Dijk and Jaap De Waard
7 'Modernisation' of institutions of social and penal control
in Italy/Europe: the 'new' crime prevention 153
Dario Melossi and Rossella Selmini
8 Crime prevention at the Belgian federal level: from a social
democratic policy to a neo-liberal and authoritarian policy
in a social democratic context 177
Patrick Hebberecht
Crime Prevention Policies in Comparative Perspective
9 Going around in circles? Reflections on crime prevention
strategies in Germany 196
Michael Jasch
10 Crime prevention in Hungary: why is it so hard to argue
for the necessity of a community approach? 214
Klara Kerezsi
11 International models of crime prevention 234
Margaret Shaw
Index 255
vi
Figures and tables
Figures
1.1 Domestic burglary recorded by the police (in thousands) 25
1.2 Theft of a motor vehicle recorded by the police (in
thousands) 25
2.1 Household crime and the polarisation of tenure, 1981-2007 47
6.1 Recorded crime and clearance rates in the Netherlands,
1950-2007 132
6.2 Self-reported victimisation among the population aged 15
years and older, 1980-2008 133
7.1 Number of crimes (delitti) per 100,000 inhabitants in Italy,
1881-2004 159
9.1 Fear of crime in East and West Germany, 1992-2002 200
10.1 'Zigzags' in crime control policy, 1990-2010 215
10.2 The development of crime prevention in Hungary 217
10.3 GDP per capita, and crime rates per capita by counties in
Hungary 222
10.4 The subsystems of community crime prevention 223
10.5 The community crime prevention strategy's system of
objectives 225
11.1 Homicides in Brazil: number and rate per 100,000
population, 1980-2003 237
11.2 Bogota, Colombia: rate of homicides per 100,000
inhabitants, 1985-2004 245
T ables
1.1 Political economy and imprisonment rates per 100,000
population 6
1.2 Imprisonment rates across Europe per 100,000 population
(EU plus EFTA countries) 7
vii
Crime Prevention Policies in Comparative Perspective
1.3 Public reception of situational crime prevention
technologies 9
6.1 Matrix of types of preventative measures 137
6.2 Security precautions in percentage of the total number of
households in the Netherlands, 1993-2008 145
10.1 Key distinctive features of the crime prevention strategy 229
viii
Acknowledgements
This book arose out of an international colloquium held at the University
of Leeds on 7-8 June 2007. It was organised under the framework of the
CRIMPREV co-ordination action project entitled 'Assessing Crime, Devi­
ance and Prevention' and funded by the European Commission (Contract
No. 028300). The project is co-ordinated by the French Centre National de
la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). Further information about CRIMPREV is
available from the project website: www.crimprev.eu.
All the contributors to this volume presented initial papers and
arguments at the Leeds colloquium in June 2007. The resultant final
versions of all the chapters benefited from the lively discussions and
debates during the two-day meeting. We would like to acknowledge all
those who attended and contributed to the colloquium deliberations
including (in alphabetical order): Adam Crawford, Jim Dignan, Jan Van
Dijk, Adam Edwards, Patrick Hebberecht, Alistair Henry, Tim Hope,
Gordon Hughes, Michael Jasch, Klara Kerezsi, Hugues Lagrange, Rene
Levy, Stuart Lister, Livia Lucianetti, Michel Marcus, Dario Melossi,
Gorazd Mesko, Margaret Shaw, Peter Traynor, Jaap De Waard and Anne
Wyvekens. As ever, many thanks to Brian Willan and his team for their
support and encouragement in bringing this collection to fruition.
Notes on contributors
Adam Crawford is Professor of Criminology and Criminal Justice and
director of the Centre for Criminal Justice Studies at the University of
Leeds. His publications include The Local Governance of Crime (1997), Crime
Prevention and Community Safety (1998), Crime and Insecurity (2002) and
Plural Policing (2005). He was the recipient of a Leverhulme Trust Major
Research Fellowship which informed his forthcoming book Governing the
Future: The Contractual Governance of Anti-Social Behaviour. In the past he
has worked for the New Zealand government and Northern Ireland Office
on matters of crime prevention and community safety and is a member of
the Safer Leeds Partnership Board.
Jaap De Waard is Senior Policy Advisor at the Netherlands Ministry of
Justice. He is the former secretary of the European Crime Prevention
Network. He has published widely on crime prevention models, interna­
tional trends in the private security industry, and international benchmark
studies in the field of crime control. He is a member of the European
Union Crime Experts Group, European Commission, Directorate-General
for Justice, Freedom and Security. He is research fellow at the Interna­
tional Victimology Institute (INTERVICT), Tilburg University.
Adam Edwards is Lecturer in criminology in the School of Social Sciences,
Cardiff University. His publications include Crime Control and Community
(with Gordon Hughes, 2002). He is director of the European Governance
of Public Safety Research Network, which is a working group of the
European Society of Criminology that promotes comparative research into
the politics of crime prevention in Europe.
Patrick Hebberecht is Professor of Criminology and Sociology of Law and
director of the Research Group of Criminology and Sociology of Law at
the University of Ghent. He is doing research on prevention policies in
Belgium and Europe. He co-directed with Fritz Sack La Prevention de
xi