Cretan Women: Pasiphae, Ariadne, and Phaedra in Latin Poetry (Oxford Classical Monographs)

361 Pages·2006·8.56 MB·English

by  Rebecca Armstrong

OXFORD CLASSICAL MONOGRAPHS
PublishedunderthesupervisionofaCommitteeofthe
FacultyofClassicsintheUniversityofOxford
The aim of the Oxford Classical Monograph series (which replaces the
Oxford Classical and Philosophical Monographs) is to publish books
basedonthebestthesesonGreekandLatinliterature,ancienthistory,
andancient philosophyexaminedbytheFacultyBoardofClassics.
Cretan Women
Pasiphae, Ariadne, and Phaedra
in Latin Poetry
REBECCA ARMSTRONG
1
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Preface
Ihavebeenlivingwithvariousmanifestationsofthisbookforabout
sevenyearsnow.ItsWrststirringscameinworkIproducedduringmy
Master’s year (1997–8), but the bulk of it is based on my 2001
doctoral thesis. Along the way, I have accrued many debts of grati-
tudetoagreatmany peopleandinstitutions.
MyWrstandgreatestthanksareowedtomydoctoralsupervisors,
StephenHeyworthandOliverLyne,whosehelp,patience,andabun-
dant learning have been invaluable to me, both during the produc-
tion of the thesis and afterwards. Their contributions are too
numerous to mention; suYce it to say that their inXuence pervades
the whole work, both in the larger structures and ideas, and in the
details.
OnlyacoupleofmonthsafterIdeliveredtheWnishedmanuscript
toOxfordUniversityPress,Oliverdiedveryunexpectedlywhileathis
house in Italy for the Easter vacation. I will always miss him—his
sharpintelligence,hisgenerosity,hishumour—andwillalwayscon-
sider myself fortunate in the extreme to have been his student,
colleague,andfriendforsomanyyears.
IamverygratefultomyD.Phil.examiners,StephenHarrisonand
Maria Wyke, for their constructive criticism and suggestions for
other avenues to pursue. Stephen has continued to be generous in
sharingideasandoVeringsupporteversince.ThanksalsogotoEdith
Hall, for her much valued assistance with my Masters dissertation
manyyearsago,andforherongoinginterestinmyprogress.Again,I
amgratefultootherswhohavehelpedwithvariouspartsofthebook
over the years: Richard Buxton, Denis Feeney, Rolando Ferri, (the
late)DonFowler,andMatthewLeigh.
LlewelynMorgan,asmyacademicadviserappointedbythePress,
has oVered many useful suggestions and plenty of encouragement
(and has nobly suVered the slings and arrows of being asked for
endless letters of reference during the process of applying for jobs
which accompanied the revision of this book). I would also like to
vi Preface
thank Dorothy McCarthy, Hilary O’Shea, and Enid Barker for their
invaluableinput.
Jasper GriYn, Michael Comber, and Kinch Hoekstra also played
an indirect, butimportant, role in shaping this book.As myunder-
graduate tutors Wrst and, later, my colleagues and friends, their
advice, assistance, and inspiration has been a formative part of my
academic development. Michael sadly died while I was in the later
stages of revising the book, so he never had the chance to see the
Wnishedversion.I’mnotsosurethathewouldhavelikedit—there’s
far too much Ovid here for his tastes—but I would have enjoyed
hearing hisverdictanyway,expressedinhisinimitablestyle.
TheArtsandHumanitiesResearchBoardgavemeagrantfor the
duration of my graduate studies (1997–2001), for which I am duly
grateful. Thanks also to the Craven Committee (at Oxford Univer-
sity), who gave me a grant in 1999 to spend Wve months in Italy
thinking and reading about Cretan women. (And thanks to the
library of the Scuola Normale in Pisa, where I spent almost every
dayofthosemonths.)Thebulkofthetransformationfromthesisto
bookwasachievedduringmysecondyearasDysonJuniorResearch
Fellow inClassicalCultureatBalliolCollegeOxford.Iwouldliketo
thankBalliolmostwarmlybothforthatmuch-valuedresearchtime,
andforallthehelpandsupportoVeredinitspreviousincarnationas
myundergraduateandgraduatealmamater.
Finally, thanks to my friends and family for putting up with me
andlisteningtomyendlessramblingsaboutbestialityandothersuch
joys. Here I might single out a few: Rebecca Hughes and Matthew
Robinson, who, as fellow Classicists, have oVered both cups of tea
and insights into Latin poetry; Grace Koh, who was my housemate
formuchofthetimeIwaswritingmythesis,andsoborethebruntof
the inevitable printer failures and crises of conWdence; my mother,
Judith,whohasalwaysencouragedmetodowhatinterestsme;and,
especially,PaulTracey,whoismuch,muchnicerthananyofthemen
I’vewrittenaboutinthisbook.
R.A
StHilda’sCollegeOxford
January2005
Contents
Abbreviations viii
Introduction 1
PartOne:Themes 29
1. EthicsandPoetics:LiteraryandPersonalMemory
inRepresentationsofCretanWomen 31
2. TheCalloftheWild 71
3. ViceandVirtue 109
PartTwo:Texts 167
4. PasiphaeintheEcloguesandArsAmatoria 169
5. AriadneinCatullus64 187
6. AriadneandOvid 221
7. PhaedrafromElegiacLover toStoicAnti-Exemplum?
Heroides4andSeneca,Phaedra 261
Conclusion 299
Appendices
1. CreteinHistory:PerpetuatingtheStereotypes? 303
2. TheCatasterismofAriadne’sCrownandthe
MemoryofLove 312
Bibliography 317
IndexofPassages 339
GeneralIndex 348
Abbreviations
AJA AmericanJournalofArchaeology
AJP AmericanJournalofPhilology
ANRW AufstiegundNiedergangder ro¨mischenWelt
BICS BulletinoftheInstituteofClassicalStudies
CJ ClassicalJournal
CLE CarminaLatinaEpigraphica
CP ClassicalPhilology
CQ ClassicalQuarterly
CR ClassicalReview
FGrH F.Jacoby,FragmentedergriechischenHistoriker
G&R GreeceandRome
GRBS Greek,RomanandByzantineStudies
HSCP HarvardStudiesinClassicalPhilology
ICS IllinoisClassicalStudies
JHS JournalofHellenicStudies
JRS JournalofRomanStudies
LCM LiverpoolClassicalMonthly
LIMC LexiconIconographicumMythologiaeClassicae
MD MaterialieDiscussioni
OLD OxfordLatinDictionary
PCG R.KasselandC.Austin,PoetaeComiciGraeci,vol.1
(1983),2(1991)
PCPS ProceedingsoftheCambridgePhilologicalSociety
PMG D.L.Page,PoetaeMeliciGraeci(1962)
QUCC QuaderniUrbinatidiCulturaClassica
RE A.Pauly,G.Wissowa,andW.Kroll,Real-Encyclopa¨die
derklassischenAltertumswissenschaft
REA RevuedesE´tudesAnciennes
RhM RheinischesMuseumfu¨rPhilologie
SH H.Lloyd-JonesandP.Parsons(eds.),Supplementum
Hellenisticum(1983)
SIG W.Dittenberger,SyllogeInscriptionumGraecarum,3rd
edn.(1915–24)
Abbreviations ix
SLG D.L.Page,SupplementumLyricisGraecis(1974)
SO SymbolaeOsloenses
TAPA TransactionsoftheAmericanPhilologicalAssociation
TLL ThesaurusLinguaeLatinae
WS WeinerStudien
YCS YaleClassicalStudies
ZPE Zeitschriftfu¨rPapyrologieundEpigraphik