Table Of Content

Creativity and Children’s Literature The role of books whether for children or grown-ups [is] to expand our horizons, to tell us more than we had henceforth ever imagined, to give us a sense of life’s exhilarating possibilities, to influence our moral outlook and to help determine what kind of people we strive to be. Selma G. Lanes ( Horn Book , Sept./Oct./ 1996 Vol. LXXII, No. 5, 558) Creativity and Children’s Literature New Ways to Encourage Divergent Thinking Marianne Saccardi Copyright 2014 by Marianne Saccardi All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Saccardi, Marianne. Creativity and children’s literature : new ways to encourage divergent thinking / Marianne C. Saccardi. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-61069-355-4 (paperback) — ISBN 978-1-61069-356-1 (ebook) 1. Children’s literature—Study and teaching (Elementary)—United States. 2. Creative thinking—Study and teaching (Elementary)—United States. I. Title. LB1575.5.U5S33 2014 370.15'7—dc23 2014009411 ISBN: 978-1-61069-355-4 EISBN: 978-1-61069-356-1 18 17 16 15 14 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook. Visit www.abc-clio.com for details. Libraries Unlimited An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC ABC-CLIO, LLC 130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911 This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America To our granddaughter, Stella, and to children everywhere. Know that the future is in your hands and that your divergent thinking will create a better world for all of us. This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xi Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiii A Definition of Divergent Thinking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiv Characteristics of the Divergent Thinker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xvi Problems Solved in Unexpected Ways by Divergent Thinkers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii A Classroom Environment That Promotes Divergent Thinking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xix References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xix 1 Poetry: “Words . . . That Rub Together with Small Explosions” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Poetry “Mak[es] Familiar Objects Be as if They Were Not Familiar” (Percy Bysshe Shelley) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 A Unit on Birds (Or Any Other Member of the Animal Kingdom) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Dare to Dream . . . Change the World (Title of a Poetry Book Edited by Jill Corcoran): Poems That Tell a Story . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Poems That Stretch Thinking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Poems That Stretch Imagination: Making the Impossible Possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Experimenting with Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Poetry and Art Link to Help Students See Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Poetry Books Featuring Animals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 2 Finding the Extraordinary in the Ordinary World of Fiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Picture Books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Risk-Taking, Divergent-Thinking Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 viii Contents Picture Book Creators Help Readers Reimagine Their World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 A. Extraordinarily Creative Storytelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 B. Innovative Formats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 Illustrations as Metaphor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66 Novels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68 A. Realistic Contemporary Fiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69 B. Historical Fiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80 3 Folklore, Fantasy—The Tale Is a Lie; What It Tells Is the Truth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87 Nursery Rhymes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88 Folktales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90 Trickster Tales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91 Creative Problem Solving and Life Lessons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92 Fables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94 Tall Tales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95 Pourquoi Tales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99 Fairy Tales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100 A. Picture Book Retellings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101 B. Original Fairy Tales Written by Contemporary Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104 C. Cinderella around the World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105 D. Fractured Tales in Picture Book Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106 E. Fractured Fairy Tale Novels or Novels Based Directly on Fairy Tales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110 a) Novels for Younger Readers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110 b) Novels for Older Readers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114 More Divergent Thinking and Creative Activities Inspired by Folk and Fairy Tales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117 Further Thoughts to Ponder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119 Fairy Tales—Root of Contemporary Fantasy Novels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121 Modern Fantasy and Science Fiction Novels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122 High Fantasy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127 Contents ix Note. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134 Selective Bibliography of Mother Goose Rhymes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141 Selective Bibliography of Cinderella Stories from around the World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142 A Selective Bibliography of Fantasy and Science Fiction Novels That Weave Threads of Myths and Legends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142 4 Nonfiction: Igniting Curiosity, Inquiry, and Divergent Thinking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145 Nonfiction Writers Demonstrate Curiosity about and Passion for Their Subject . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146 Everything’s Just Fine . . . or Is It? (Taken from Jacket Flap, Wooldridge, 2011) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149 Courageous Innovators Transform Obstacles into Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150 Suggested Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158 Invention Born of the Observation and Investigation of Nature (Adapted from Marcus Tullius Cicero) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163 Dare Mighty Things (From the Title of Rappaport’s Biography of Theodore Roosevelt) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168 Powerful Collaboration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175 Examining Nonfiction Authors’ Angles or Points of View (Marc Aronson) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177 Drawing on Nonfiction in Units of Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178 A. Frogs and Toads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178 B. Insects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179 Moving Forward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181 Additional Titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188 5 Divergent Thinking in the Classroom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191 Students Take on the Issue of Poor Air Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191 Divergent Thinkers Present Their Innovative Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .197 Some Concluding Thoughts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .201 Future Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203 Parent Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204 The Final Word. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204

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