Creating the Entangling Alliance: The Origins of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

256 Pages·1981·3.122 MB·English

by  Timothy P. Ireland

CREATING
THE
ENTANGLING
ALLIANCE
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CREATING
THE
ENTANGLING
ALLIANCE
The Origins of
the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization
Contributions in Political Science, Number 50
Greenwood Press
WESTPORT, CONNECTICUT
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Ireland, Timothy P 1948-
Creating the entangling alliance.
(Contributions in political science; no. 50 ISSN
0147-1066)
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
1. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. I. Title.
II. Series.
JX1393.N67173 355\031’091821 80-655
ISBN 0-313-22094-8 (lib. bdg)
Copyright © 1981 by Timothy P. Ireland
All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be
reproduced, by any process or technique, without the
express written consent of the publisher.
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 80-655
ISBN: 0-313-22094-8
ISSN: 0147-1066
First published in 1981
Greenwood Press
A division of Congressional Information Service, Inc.
88 Post Road West, Westport, Connecticut 06881
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To my family
Robert McLeod, Joan Lucille
and Kathleen Sweeney

Contents
Acknowledgments ix
Introduction 3
ONE
A New Direction 9
TWO
A European Initiative: The Brussels Pact . 48
THREE
Formulating the Treaty 80
FOUR
Approving the Treaty 119
FIVE
Implementing the Treaty 152
SIX
Final Implementation: The Assignment
of Ground T roops 18 3
Conclusion 221
Bibliography 229
Index 235

Acknowledgments
My first and most heartfelt word of thanks goes to Robert B. Stewart,
dean emeritus of the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. Dean
Stewart’s death in June 1980 saddened all who knew him. The memory
of his kindness, encouragement, and strength continue to be a source of
inspiration.
Another grateful acknowledgment goes to John P. Roche, Henry
R. Luce Professor of Civilization and Foreign Affairs at the Fletcher
School. His sincere interest, strong support, and thoughtful sugges­
tions were the sustaining elements in the completion of this work,
and I can only hope his faith was justified.
I also would like to express my deep appreciation to Robert J. Art,
dean of the Graduate School at Brandéis University. Dean Art’s
careful reading of the manuscript and his thought-provoking
criticisms and helpful suggestions helped clarify my thinking on
many points and contributed significantly to the completion of this
book.
Many people have been most helpful to me in my writing, and
several deserve special thanks. Robert L. PfaltzgrafF, Jr., awakened
an early interest in the Atlantic Community, and Leo Gross, Alan K.
Henrikson, W. Scott Thompson, and John S. Gibson offered con­
structive personal and professional advice. Warnock Davies provided
valuable information on the origins of the Revolutionary War
alliance with France. I also enjoyed exchanging ideas on the “great
debate” with Phil Williams of Aberdeen University in Scotland. I
profited from the examples and support of my friends Coit Blacker,
Stephen Flanagan, Steven Miller, and Neil Sullivan. The historical
offices of the State Department and the Senate Foreign Relations
Committee were most helpful in obtaining research materials.
X ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Research on the book was further facilitated by the staff of the Ed­
win Ginn Library, especially Henrietta Moore and Barbara Boyce.
Deborah Louis and Deborah Manning each spent many long hours
typing and editing the manuscript. Phyllis Berry Webber, registrar of
the Fletcher School, was a source of administrative and personal
help. Joe Carriero often provided the lift to keep going. I would also
like to thank Mildred Vasan and the Editorial Department of Green­
wood Press for their careful editing.
A final word of thanks to Andrea Lynn Gilchrist, who, in addition
to reading and editing much of the manuscript, was unfailing in her
support, encouragement, and love.