Table Of Content95
95 TH
TH
EDITION EDITION
2 0 1 4 - 2 0 1 5
2 0 1 4 - 2 0 1 5
K21599_COVER_color_final.indd 1 4/9/14 11:37 AM
HC&P_95_FM.indb 2 4/3/14 2:04 PM
CRC Handbook
of
Chemistry and Physics
th
95 Edition
HC&P_95_FM.indb 1 4/3/14 2:04 PM
HC&P_95_FM.indb 2 4/3/14 2:04 PM
CRC Handbook
of
Chemistry and Physics
A Ready-Reference Book of Chemical and Physical Data
2014-2015
th
95
EDITION
Editor-in-Chief
W. M. Haynes, Ph.D.
Scientist Emeritus
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Associate Editors
David R. Lide, Ph.D.
Former Director, Standard Reference Data
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Thomas J. Bruno, Ph.D.
Group Leader
National Institute of Standards and Technology
HC&P_95_FM.indb 3 4/3/14 2:04 PM
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Version Date: 20140317
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4822-0868-9 (eBook - PDF)
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and
information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and
publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission
to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any
future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic,
mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or
retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact
the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides
licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment
has been arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation
without intent to infringe.
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
Foreword
My first copy of the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics seen the guy in a semester or more, and it was a heavy book to heft
was a 1973 edition that came into my possession in 1983, when I from one desk to another. If he did come in and was looking for it,
was 21 years old. I’d like to tell you that its 2279 pages launched me he’d see it on my desk, no problem. But before long, some of the
onto a career of successful physics research, but the truth is they graduate students were asking if they could borrow “my” Handbook.
very nearly launched me instead on a career of petty larceny and I was always very willing to loan it out, but I never corrected their
crime in general. impression that the book belonged to me. I knew then, and I know
I was an undergraduate physics major, working in the afternoons now, that this act of omission was very wrong, but it was just so
in a Stanford physics lab. Undergraduate researchers did not have flattering to my ego that the graduate students would ask to borrow
a lot of clout in the department and no one offered me a desk of such an important book from me, a lowly undergraduate.
my own, but my lab key got me into a room full of desks occupied Well by now I was well down the slippery slope. The true owner
by graduate students, and one of them was empty, so I decided to never did show up again. I guess he graduated. But did I make any
brazen it out. I lined up my five or six physics text books along the effort to contact him, to let him know he had forgotten his book?
back of the desk, put several pads of engineer-lined blank paper in I did not. And when I left Palo Alto to go to grad school, I took his
the center drawer, and “moved in.” For a year and more, I did my Rubber Bible with me.
homework at the desk and also did calculations for an experiment In the ensuing 30 years, I’ve owned and made good use of sev-
I was working on. eral generations of updated editions of the CRC Handbook of
Sitting on the adjacent desk was a massive blue book. My slide Chemistry and Physics, but for sentimental reasons, and perhaps
down into criminality began in a simple moment of curiosity one as a moral warning, I’ve always kept also my purloined 1973 edi-
evening when I was bored with my homework. I leaned over onto tion. Just now, I’m opening it. The name of the true owner is writ-
my neighbor’s desk, and flipped his book open: Wow. It turned ten in pen on the inside of the front cover, but it has been lined
out to be choc-a-bloc full of all varieties of useful information, ex- through and just under it, my name is written, and in my own
actly the sort of stuff I needed to design modifications to my ex- hand. I don’t remember doing that, but I can hardly call that a
periment! Another graduate student in the room told me “Oh sure, mere “act of omission,” can I?
we call that the ‘Rubber Bible.’ No one knows why. ” Years later Gentle reader, do not repeat my errors. Go not down the path
someone told me that “CRC” used to stand for the company that I have chosen. Buy this, the 95th Edition of the CRC Handbook of
published it —and the “R” stood for “Rubber.” Thus, its authorita- Chemistry and Physics, for your own!
tive tome was naturally still called the “Rubber Bible,” but at the
time the name seemed to me full of portent and significance. My Eric A. Cornell, Ph.D.
favorite record album was called “Rubber Soul.” What better way JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and
to tend to your rubber soul than flipping through a rubber bible? University of Colorado
Soon I was borrowing my neighbor’s CRC Handbook on a fre- Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440
quent basis. And, since he never seemed to be around, one fateful Nobel Laureate Physics 2001
day instead of returning the book to his desk when I was done, I just http://jila.colorado.edu/bec/CornellGroup/
left it on the edge of my desk. I meant no harm. It’s just that I hadn’t March 2014
HC&P_95_FM.indb 5 4/3/14 2:04 PM
editorial advisory Board
Grace Baysinger Kozo Kuchitsu
Swain Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Library Department of Chemistry
Stanford University Josai University
Lev I. Berger
Dana L. Roth
California Institute of Electronics and Materials Science
Millikan Library
California Institute of Technology
Michael Frenkel
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Daniel Zwillinger
Robert N. Goldberg Mathematics Department
National Institute of Standards and Technology Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
HC&P_95_FM.indb 6 4/3/14 2:04 PM
PreFace
The 95th Edition of the Handbook includes new tables and ma- Section 9: Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy
jor updates and expansions. A new series highlighting the achieve- • Update of Bond Dissociation Energies
ments of some of the major historical figures in chemistry and Section 12: Properties of Solids
physics was initiated with the 94th edition. This series is contin- • Major update and expansion of Electron Stopping
ued with this edition which is focused on Galileo Galilei, James Powers
Clerk Maxwell, Marie Sklodowska Curie, and Linus Carl Pauling. Section 14: Geophysics, Astronomy, and Acoustics
This series, which provides biographical information, a list of ma- • Major update of Interstellar Molecules
jor achievements, and notable quotations attributed to each of the • Update of Atmospheric Concentration of Carbon
renowned chemists and physicists, will be continued in succeed- Dioxide, 1958-2013
ing editions. Each edition will feature two chemists and two physi- • Update of Global Temperature Trend, 1880-2013
cists. The following new tables have been added to this edition: Section 15: Practical Laboratory Data
• Major update of Reference Points on the ITS-90
Section 8: Analytical Chemistry Temperature Scale
• Figures of Merit
• Update of Laboratory Solvents and Other Liquid
• Common Symbols Used in Gas and Liquid
Reagents
Chromatographic Schematic Diagrams
Section 16: Health and Safety Information
• Varieties of Hyphenated Gas Chromatography with
• Update of Flammability of Chemical Substances
Mass Spectrometry
• Update of Threshold Limits for Airborne
Section 15: Practical Laboratory Data
Contaminants
• Standard Fittings for Compressed Gas Cylinders
Appendix B:
• Plug and Outlet Configurations for Common
• Update of Sources of Physical and Chemical Data
Laboratory Devices
Section 16: Health and Safety Information
Again this year, in order to maintain a manageable number
• Abbreviations Used in the Assessment and
of pages and allow space for growth of the Handbook, the in-
Presentation of Laboratory Hazards
dexes for molecular formulae and CAS registry numbers for the
• Incompatible Chemicals
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds Table and the index
• Explosion (Shock) Hazards
for CAS registry numbers for the Physical Constants of Inorganic
• Water-Reactive Chemicals
Compounds Table have been omitted from the hard-copy edition
• Testing Requirements for Peroxidizable Compounds
of the Handbook. However, they are available in the electronic ver-
• Tests for the Presence of Peroxides
sions of the Handbook and by email request to the Editor-in-Chief:
• Pyrophoric Compounds – Compounds That Are
[email protected].
Reactive with Air
The success of the Handbook is very dependent on feedback
• Flammability Hazards of Common Solvents
from its users. The Editor-in-Chief appreciates any suggestions
• Selection of Laboratory Gloves
from readers on proposed new topics for the Handbook or com-
• Selection of Respirator Cartridges and Filters
ments on how the usefulness of the Handbook may be improved
• Selection of Protective Laboratory Garments
in future editions. Please send your comments to the Editor-in-
• Protective Clothing Levels
Chief: [email protected].
• Chemical Fume Hoods and Biological Safety Cabinets
Numerous international experts make key contributions to the
• Gas Cylinder Safety and Stamped Markings
Handbook. These contributors are listed on pages immediately
• Laser Hazards in the Laboratory
following the Preface. Their efforts play a key role in the quality
• General Characteristics of Ionizing Radiation for
and diversity of the subject matter covered in the Handbook. I
the Purpose of Practical Application of Radiation
also acknowledge the sound advice and guidance of the Editorial
Protection
Advisory Board members of the Handbook, who are listed in
• Radiation Safety Units
the front matter. Fiona Macdonald, Publisher – Chemical & Life
Sciences, CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group has been of great
Significant updates and expansions of tables for the 95th Edition
assistance and support in providing oversight to ensure that the
include the following:
Handbook continues to satisfy the needs of the user community.
Section 1: Basic Constants, Units, and Conversion Factors Thanks also to Glen Butler, Pam Morrell, Theresa Gutierrez, and
• Update of Standard Atomic Weights (2013) James Yanchak for their detailed, cooperative work and extreme
• Update of Atomic Masses and Abundances care in the production of the Handbook.
Section 8: Analytical Chemistry
• Expansion of Abbreviations and Symbols Used in W. M. Haynes
Analytical Chemistry March 2014
The 95th Edition of the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics is dedicated in memory of my wonderful and cherished
daughter, Jennifer “Jen” Lynn Haynes, who has gone to be with her angels and who has inspired many friends and family with
her endless love and respect for all animals and the natural beauty in our environment and has guided and challenged her
many friends and family with her boundless spirit and faith in the magic and wonders of the unknown of the spiritual world.
HC&P_95_FM.indb 7 4/3/14 2:04 PM
Note on the Ordering of Chemical Compounds: Several differ- formula and the number of atoms of each element, in ascending
ent ordering schemes for lists of chemical compounds are used order, e.g., CHCl, CHN, CHNO, CHNO, etc. (For organic
3 7 3 7 3 7 3 7 2
in this book. The long tables, Physical Constants of Organic compounds, a quick way to look up the molecular formula is to
Compounds and Physical Constants of Inorganic Compound, are use the Physical Constants of Organic Compounds table, which
ordered by name (generally the systematic name), but indexes to starts on Page 3-1, and its synonym index on Page 3-554.) In tables
synonyms, formulas, and CAS Registry Numbers are available. If containing non-carbon compounds, those are usually listed first,
the table is very short and includes only familiar substances, the followed by a separate listing of compounds that do contain car-
listing is usually alphabetical by name or common formula. Many bon. This is a departure from the strict Hill convention as followed
tables of intermediate length are ordered by molecular formula us- by Chemical Abstracts Service, where the molecular formulas be-
ing a modification of the Hill convention. In this convention the ginning with A and B precede the formulas for carbon-containing
molecular formula is written with C first, H second, and then all compounds, while those beginning with D... Z follow. For tabular
other elements in alphabetical order of their chemical symbols. displays, as opposed to an index, it appears more convenient to
For tables with organic compounds only, the sequence of entries is the user if the non-carbon compounds are listed as a block, rather
determined by the alphabetical order of elements in the molecular than being split by the longer list of carbon compounds.
HC&P_95_FM.indb 8 4/3/14 2:04 PM
