Table Of ContentImpact Studies
Series Editor: Christian Koeberl
Editorial Board
Eric Buffetaut (CNRS, Paris, France)
Iain Gilmour (Open University, Milton Keynes, UK)
Boris Ivanov (Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia)
Wolf Uwe Reimold (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa)
Virgil L. Sharpton (University of Alaska, Fairbanks, USA)
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
Henning Dypvik
Mark Burchell
Philippe Claeys (Eds.)
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With 119 Figures and 23 Tables
123
DR. HENNING DYPVIK DR. MARK BURCHELL
Department of Geology Centre for Astrophysics
University of Oslo and Planetary Sciences
P.O. Box, Blindern University of Kent, Canterbury
0316 Oslo, Norway Kent CT2 7NR
Email: United Kingdom
[email protected] Email:
M.J.Burchell @kent.ac.uk
PROF. DR. PHILIPPE CLAEYS
Department of Geology
Vrije University Brussel
Peinlaan 2
1050 Brussels, Belgium
Email: [email protected]
ISBN 978-3-642-07376-2 ISBN 978-3-662-06423-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-06423-8
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Preface
The workshop "Submarine craters and ejecta-crater correlation with a special
session on ”Icy Impacts and Icy targets” was held on Svalbard, Norway from
August 29 to September 3, 2001, with a pre-meeting excursion to Gardnos,
Norway (August 28). Forty-five scientists from 17 nations participated in the
workshop. This meeting was the seventh in a series of workshops organized by the
European Science Foundation programme "Response of the Earth System to
Impact Processes" (http://pssri.open.ac.uk/esf). With such topics as submarine
craters, ejecta-crater correlation, and icy targets, the high Arctic locality of
Svalbard was an obvious choice: One of the rare marine impacts (Mjølnir) took
place nearby in the Barents sea, and on Svalbard, after a steep climb, its ejecta can
be examined in the field; furthermore permafrost, snow, ice, and glaciers are an
integral part of the Svalbard surroundings.
The conference was arranged at the facilities of the University Centre on
Svalbard (UNIS) in Longyearbyen, Svalbard. The abstracts were published in a
special abstract volume of the Norwegian Geological Society (ISBN 823-519-
1701-8). Twenty-three talks and twenty posters were presented. The peer-
reviewed conference papers are published in this volume.
Through the presentations of the workshop the formation of marine and icy
impacts was examined and the importance of understanding ejecta distribution and
correlation with the source crater was emphasized. The idea behind this meeting
was to clarify the following questions: What is the role and what are the influences
of the presence of water liquid or solid in the target? How does water and ice
contribute to the ejecta formation and distribution on Earth and the other planets?
In addition, biological processes and changes of the depositional conditions
resulting from a marine impact were also discussed, and the post-impact situation
was characterized. Modeling is an important and integral part of marine crater
research. To foster a better understanding of this field, often seen as complex if
not Byzantine by some geologists, the editors have decided to include an article by
Elizabetta Pierazzo and Gareth Collins explaining the basic principles of
hydrocode modeling.
It was a great pleasure for the Norwegian geological community to host this
international meeting and to have advanced, engaged, and challenging discussions
of this hot topic in such a cool place.
The 9th meeting in the ESF IMPACT programme was arranged in October 12
to October 16, 2002 and two related papers from that meeting (Vajda et al. and
Pesonen et al.) have been included in this book.
Henning Dypvik Philippe Claeys Mark Burchell
Department of Geology Department of Geology Centre for Astrophysics
University of Oslo Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Planetary Sciences
Norway Belgium University of Kent
[email protected] [email protected] United Kingdom
[email protected]
VI Preface and acknowledgements
Acknowledgements
The editors would like to thank the ESF IMPACT programme, the steering
committee, and the University Centre on Svalbard (UNIS) for making this
workshop possible. We would also like to thank all who contributed to this
volume by submitting manuscripts and, in particular, all the referees. The co-
convenors Filippos Tsikalas, Morten Smelror, Jan Inge Faleide, Sverre Ola
Johnsen, Atle Mørk and Jenö Nagy should also be thanked for all their efforts. We
would in particular mention Sverre Ola Johnsen, Atle Mørk, Jenö Nagy and Johan
Naterstad for their engaged excursion guiding. This meeting and the proceedings
benefited very much from the invaluable help of the series editor Christian
Koeberl. The meeting was financially supported by the ESF IMPACT programme,
University of Oslo (Industrial Liasion), and the following local Longyearbyen-
based companies: Ing. Paulsen, Svalbardbutikken, Svalbard Polar Travel,
SpareBank 1- Nord Norge and Rebekka Gave & Suvenir. The abstract volume
was kindly sponsored by Geological Survey of Norway, University of Oslo, Norsk
Agip, RWE-DEA, DNO, Norwegian Polar Institute, SINTEF Petroleum Research,
Esso Norge AS, Volcanic Basin Petroleum Research, Norske Conoco AS, Shell
and Statoil.
Finally, we would like to thank the Svalbard weather for a true arctic experience.
Contents
Impacts into Marine and Icy Environments
Henning Dypvik, Mark J.Burchell and Philippe Claeys…………………..........…1
Marine impacts and ejecta
Biotic Responses to the Mjølnir Meteorite Impact, Barents Sea: Evidence from a
Core Drilled within the Crater
Gerd Merethe A. Bremer, Morten Smelror, Jenö Nagy and Jorunn O. Vigran ...21
Near-field Erosional Features at the Mjølnir Impact Crater: the Role of Marine
Sedimentary Target
Filippos Tsikalas and Jan Inge Faleide…………………………………………..39
Global Effects of the Chicxulub Impact on Terrestrial Vegetation - Review of the
Palynological Record from New Zealand Cretaceous/Tertiary Boundary
Vivi Vajda, J. Ian Raine, Christopher J. Hollis and C. Percy Strong……………57
The Neugrund Marine Impact Structure (Gulf of Finland, Estonia)
Sten Suuroja and Kalle Suuroja ………………………………………................75
Structure-filling Sediments of the Wetumpka Marine-target Impact Structure
(Alabama, USA)
David T. King, Jr., Thornton L. Neathery and Lucille W. Petruny………………97
Krk-breccia, Possible Impact-Crater Fill, Island of Krk in Eastern Adriatic Sea
(Croatia)
Tihomir Marjanac, Ana Marija Tomša and Ljerka Marjanac …………….…...115
Did the Puchezh-Katunki Impact Trigger an Extinction?
József Pálfy……………………………………………………………………...135
Geochemistry of a Langhian Pelagic Marly Limestone Sequence of the Cònero
Riviera, Ancona (Italy) and the Search for a Ries Impact Signature: A Progress
Report
Dieter Mader, Christian Koeberl and Alessandro Montanari ………...….……149
VIII Contents
Icy impacts and icy impactors
Titan: A New World Covered in Submarine Craters?
Ralph D. Lorenz ………………………………………………………...………185
Estimating Crater Size for Hypervelocity Impacts on Small Icy Bodies (e.g.
Comet Nucleus)
Mark J. Burchell, Ellen Johnson and Ivan Grey ………………………………197
Survivability of Bacteria in Hypervelocity Impacts on Ice
J.R. Mann, M.J. Burchell, P. Brandão, A.W. Bunch and I.D.S.Grey…………..211
Impact Cratering of Icy and Rocky Targets in Planetary Sciences and in the Labo-
ratory
Jacek Leliwa-Kopystynskiand Mark J. Burchell………………………………..223
Methods
Paleomagnetism and 40Ar/39Ar Age Determinations of Impactites from the Ilyinets
Structure, Ukraine
Lauri J. Pesonen, Dieter Mader, Eugene P. Gurov, Christian Koeberl, Kari A.
Kinnunen, Fabio Donadini and Robert Handler …………….............................251
Cathodoluminescence, Electron Microscopy, and Raman Spectroscopy of Ex-
perimentally Shock Metamorphosed Zircon Crystals and Naturally Shocked Zir-
con from the Ries Impact Crater
Arnold Gucsik, Christian Koeberl, Franz Brandstätter, Eugen LibowitzkyandWolf
Uwe Reimold………………………………………………………………….…281
A Brief Introduction to Hydrocode Modeling of Impact Cratering
Elisabetta Pierazzo and Gareth Collins……………………………………...…323
List of Contributors
Pedro Brandão
BioSciences Laboratory
University of Kent at Canterbury
Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ,United Kingdom
([email protected])
Franz Brandstätter
Department of Mineralogy
Natural History Museum
P.O. Box 417, A-1014 Vienna, Austria
([email protected])
Gerd Merethe A.Bremer
Department of Geology
University of Oslo
P.O. Box 1047, Blindern N-0316 Oslo, Norway
([email protected])
Alan W. Bunch
BioSciences Laboratory
University of Kent at Canterbury
Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom.
([email protected])
Mark J. Burchell
Centre for Astrophysics and Planetary Sciences
University of Kent
Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NR, United Kingdom.
([email protected])
Gareth Collins
Lunar and Planetary Laboratory
University of Arizona
Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
([email protected])
Philippe Claeys
Department of Geology
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
([email protected])
X Contributors
Fabio Donadini
Division of Geophysics
University of Helsinki
P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
([email protected])
Henning Dypvik
Department of Geology
University of Oslo
P.O. Box 1047, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
([email protected])
Jan Inge Faleide
Department of Geology
University of Oslo
P.O. Box 1047 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
([email protected])
Ivan Grey
Centre for Astrophysics and Planetary Sciences
University of Kent
Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NR, United Kingdom
([email protected])
Arnold Gucsik
Department of Applied Physics
Okayama University of Science
1-1 Ridai-cho, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
([email protected])
and
Institute of Geological Sciences
University of Vienna
Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
([email protected])
Eugene P. Gurov
Institute of Geological Sciences
Ukrainian Academy of Sciences
55-b Oles Gonchar Street, Kiev 01054, Ukraine
([email protected])
