Craig's Restorative Dental Materials

412 Pages·2011·30.49 MB·English

Craig’s
RESTORATIVE
DENTAL
MATERIALS
THIRTEENTH EDITION
EDITED BY
Ronald L. Sakaguchi, DDS, MS, PhD, MBA
AssociateDeanforResearchandInnovation
Professor
DivisionofBiomaterialsandBiomechanics
DepartmentofRestorativeDentistry
SchoolofDentistry
OregonHealthandScienceUniversity
Portland,Oregon
John M. Powers, PhD
Editor
TheDentalAdvisor
DentalConsultants,Inc
AnnArbor,Michigan
ProfessorofOralBiomaterials
DepartmentofRestorativeDentistryandBiomaterials
UTHealthSchoolofDentistry
TheUniversityofTexasHealthScienceCenteratHouston
Houston,Texas
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Ste 1800
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899
CRAIG’S RESTORATIVE DENTAL MATERIALS ISBN: 978-0-3230-8108-5
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Craig’s restorative dental materials / edited by Ronald L. Sakaguchi, John M. Powers. -- 13th ed.
p. ; cm.
Restorative dental materials
Order of editors reversed on prev. ed.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-323-08108-5 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Dental materials. I. Sakaguchi, Ronald L.
II. Powers, John M., 1946- III. Title: Restorative dental materials.
[DNLM: 1. Dental Materials. 2. Dental Atraumatic Restorative Treatment. WU 190]
RK652.5.P47 2012
617.6’95--dc23
2011015522
Vice President and Publishing Director: Linda Duncan
Executive Editor: John J. Dolan
Developmental Editor: Brian S. Loehr
Publishing Services Manager: Catherine Jackson/Hemamalini Rajendrababu
Project Manager: Sara Alsup/Divya Krish
Designer: Amy Buxton
Printed in United States
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To the many mentors and colleagues
with whom we have collaborated.

Contributors
Roberto R. Braga, DDS, MS, PhD Grayson W. Marshall, DDS, MPH, PhD
Professor Distinguished Professor and Chair
Department of Dental Materials Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering
School of Dentistry Vice-Chair, Department of Preventive and
University of São Paulo Restorative Dental Sciences
São Paulo, SP, Brazil School of Dentistry
Chapter 5: Testing of Dental Materials and Biomechanics University of California San Francisco
Chapter 13: Materials for Adhesion and Luting San Francisco, California
Chapter 2: The Oral Environment
Isabelle L. Denry, DDS, PhD
Professor Sally J. Marshall, PhD
Department of Prosthodontics and Dows Institute Vice Provost, Academic Affairs
for Dental Research Director of the Office of Faculty Development and
College of Dentistry Advancement
The University of Iowa Distinguished Professor Division of Biomaterials
Iowa City, Iowa and Bioengineering
Chapter 11: Restorative Materials—Ceramics Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental
Sciences
Jack L. Ferracane, PhD School of Dentistry
Professor and Chair University of California San Francisco
Department of Restorative Dentistry San Francisco, California
Division Director, Biomaterials and Biomechanics Chapter 2: The Oral Environment
School of Dentistry
Oregon Health & Science University John C. Mitchell, PhD
Portland, Oregon Associate Professor
Chapter 6: Biocompatibility and Tissue Reaction to Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics
Biomaterials Department of Restorative Dentistry
School of Dentistry
Sharukh S. Khajotia, BDS, MS, PhD Oregon Health and Science University
Professor and Chair Portland, Oregon
Department of Restorative Dentistry Chapter 6: Biocompatibility and Tissue Reaction to
College of Dentistry Biomaterials
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Chapter 15: Dental and Orofacial Implants
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Chapter 16: Tissue Engineering
Chapter 2: The Oral Environment
Sumita B. Mitra, PhD
David B. Mahler, PhD Partner
Professor Emeritus Mitra Chemical Consulting, LLC
Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics West St. Paul, Minnesota
Department of Restorative Dentistry Chapter 9: Restorative Materials—Polymers
School of Dentistry
Chapter 13: Materials for Adhesion and Luting
Oregon Health and Science University
Portland, Oregon Kiersten L. Muenchinger, AB, MS
Chapter 10: Restorative Materials—Metals Program Director and Associate Professor
Product Design
School of Architecture and Allied Arts
University of Oregon
Eugene, Oregon
Chapter 3: Design Criteria for Restorative Dental Materials
vii
viii CONTRIBUTORS
Carmem S. Pfeifer, DDS, PhD Ronald L. Sakaguchi, DDS, MS, PhD, MBA
Research Assistant Professor Associate Dean for Research and Innovation
Department of Craniofacial Biology Professor
School of Dental Medicine Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics
University of Colorado Department of Restorative Dentistry
Aurora, Colorado School of Dentistry
Chapter 4: Fundamentals of Materials Science Oregon Health and Science University
Chapter 5: Testing of Dental Materials and Biomechanics Portland, Oregon
Chapter 1: Role and Significance of Restorative Dental
John M. Powers, PhD Materials
Editor Chapter 3: Design Criteria for Restorative Dental Materials
The Dental Advisor Chapter 4: Fundamentals of Materials Science
Dental Consultants, Inc. Chapter 5: Testing of Dental Materials and Biomechanics
Ann Arbor, Michigan Chapter 7: General Classes of Biomaterials
Chapter 8: Preventive and Intermediary Materials
Professor of Oral Biomaterials Chapter 9: Restorative Materials—Composites and Polymers
Department of Restorative Dentistry Chapter 10: Restorative Materials—Metals
and Biomaterials Chapter 14: Digital Imaging and Processing for
UTHealth School of Dentistry Restorations
The University of Texas Health Science Center Chapter 15: Dental and Orofacial Implants
at Houston
Houston, Texas
Chapter 12: Replicating Materials—Impression and Casting
Chapter 14: Digital Imaging and Processing for
Restorations
Preface
The thirteenth edition of this classic textbook has Drs. David Mahler, Jack Mitchem and Jack Ferracane.
been extensively rewritten to include the many The OHSU laboratory benefited from the contributions
recent developments in dental biomaterials science of many visiting professors, post- doctoral fellows, and
and new materials for clinical use. One of our goals graduate students, including Dr. Carmem Pfeifer who
for this edition is to include more clinical applica- conducted her PhD research in our laboratory. Thanks
tions and examples, with the hope that the book will to the many mentors who generously contributed
be more useful to practicing clinicians. The book con- directly and indirectly to this edition of the book.
tinues to be designed for predoctoral dental students We welcome the following new contributors to the
and also provides an excellent update of dental bio- thirteenth edition and thank them for their effort and
materials science and clinical applications of restor- expertise: Drs. Bill and Sally Marshall of University of
ative materials for students in graduate programs California San Francisco (UCSF); Dr. Sumita Mitra of
and residencies. Mitra Chemical Consulting, LLC, and many years at
Dr. Ronald L. Sakaguchi is the new lead editor of 3M ESPE; Dr. Jack Ferracane of OHSU; Dr. Roberto
the thirteenth edition. Dr. Sakaguchi earned a BS in Braga of the University of São Paulo; Dr. Sharukh
cybernetics from University of California Los Angeles Khajotia of the University of Oklahoma; Dr. Carmem
(UCLA), a DDS from Northwestern University, an MS Pfeifer of the University of Colorado, and Professor
in prosthodontics from the University of Minnesota, Kiersten Muenchinger of the University of Oregon.
and a PhD in biomaterials and biomechanics from We also thank the following returning authors for
Thames Polytechnic (London, England; now the Uni- their valuable contributions and refinements of con-
versity of Greenwich). He is currently Associate Dean tent in the thirteenth edition: Dr. David Mahler of
for Research & Innovation and a professor in the Divi- OHSU, Dr. John Mitchell of OHSU, and Dr. Isabelle
sion of Biomaterials & Biomechanics in the Depart- Denry of the University of Iowa, previously at The
ment of Restorative Dentistry at Oregon Health & Ohio State University.
Science University (OHSU) in Portland, Oregon. The organization of the thirteenth edition has been
Dr. John M. Powers is the new co-editor of the modified extensively to reflect the sequence of content
thirteenth edition. He served as the lead editor of the presented to predoctoral dental students at OHSU.
twelfth edition and contributed to the previous eight Chapters are organized by major clinical procedures.
editions. Dr. Powers earned a BS in chemistry and a Chapter 2 presents new content on enamel, dentin,
PhD in mechanical engineering and dental materials the dentinoenamel junction, and biofilms. Chapter
at the University of Michigan, was a faculty member 3, another new chapter, describes the concepts of
at the School of Dentistry at the University of Michi- product design and their applications in restorative
gan for a number of years, and is currently a professor material selection and treatment design. Fundamen-
of oral biomaterials in the Department of Restorative tals of materials science, including the presentation
Dentistry and Biomaterials at the UTHealth School of physical and mechanical properties, the concepts
of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science of biomechanics, surface chemistry, and optical prop-
Center at Houston. He was formerly Director of the erties, are consolidated in Chapter 4. Materials test-
Houston Biomaterials Research Center. Dr. Powers is ing is discussed in extensively revised Chapter 5,
also senior vice president of Dental Consultants, Inc., which has a greater emphasis on contemporary test-
and is co-editor of The Dental Advisor. ing methods and standards. Chapter 14, new to this
The team of editors and authors for the thirteenth edition, is devoted to digital imaging and processing
edition spans three generations of dental research- techniques and the materials for those methods. All
ers and educators. Dr. Sakaguchi received his first other chapters are reorganized and updated with the
exposure to dental biomaterials science as a first-year most recent science and applications.
dental student at Northwestern University Dental A website accompanies this textbook. Included is
School. Drs. Bill and Sally Marshall were the instruc- the majority of the procedural, or materials handling,
tors for those courses. After many years of men- content that was in the twelfth edition. The website can
toring received from Drs. Bill Douglas and Ralph be found at http://evolve.elsevier.com/Sakaguchi/
DeLong, and Ms. Maria Pintado at the University restorative/, where you will also find mindmaps of
of Minnesota, Dr. Sakaguchi joined the biomaterials each chapter and extensive text and graphics to sup-
research team in the School of Dentistry at OHSU with plement the print version of the book.
ix