Table Of ContentCRAFTING CHARACTERS
Crafting Characters
Heroes and Heroines in the Ancient Greek Novel
KOEN DE TEMMERMAN
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Acknowledgements
ThisbookoriginatesfromadoctoralthesiswrittenpartlyatGhentUniversity
and Swansea University, defended at Ghent in May 2006, and subsequently
muchrevised.Ifirstcametothestudyofancientfictionasanundergraduate
student and then wrote a master’s dissertation on historical elements in
Chariton. It was Kristoffel Demoen’s teaching at Ghent that sparked my
interest in questions of a literary and rhetorical nature. He has my eternal
gratitude for supervising my doctoral thesis with a brilliant combination of
scholarly expertise, shrewd judgement, and genuine warmth. I am equally
grateful to John Morgan, who first suggested characterization to me as a
promising research topic in the field of ancient fiction and later became a
welcominghostatSwanseaandasplendidco-supervisor.
Duringthemanyyearsthatthisbookhasbeeninthemaking,Ihavehadthe
privilegeof pursuingresearch in variousother stimulatingacademicenviron-
ments.Forbeinghospitableandsupportivehostsand/orforcommentingonmy
work so insightfully, my warm thanks go to: Ewen Bowie, Stephen Harrison,
andTimWhitmarshatCorpusChristiCollege,Oxford;DimitriGondicasand
Froma Zeitlin at Princeton University; Maud Gleason, Richard Martin, and
SusanStephensatStanfordUniversity;andKonstantinDoulamisatUniversity
CollegeCork.IrenedeJong,DavidKonstan,SteliosPanayotakis,ChrisPelling,
DannyPraet,andMaaikeZimmermangenerouslyprovidedadviceandinvalu-
ablesupportduringdifferentstagesoftheproject.Ialsothank,forsuggestions,
advice,orencouragement,EmmanuelBourbouhakis,GlenBowersock,Evelien
Bracke,AngelosChaniotis,LeventeCtazack,WolfgangdeMelo,JanetDownie,
RobertDuthoy,JoHeirman,Fritz-GregorHerrmann,BartKeunen,Alexander
Loengarov,FiachraMacGóráin,GuntherMartens,GraemeMiles,Magdalena
Öhrman, Anastasia-Erasmia Peponi, Mirjam Plantinga, Ian Repath, Stephen
Trzaskoma, Brecht Van den Bossche, Koen Verboven, and Bart Vervaeck.
Thanksforconvivialdiscussionand/ormuch-appreciatedhelpgotomycon-
temporariesatGhentandSwansea:PieterBorghart,WannesGyselinck,Björn
Isebaert, Meriel Jones, Yanick Maes, Sarah Maguire, Saiichiro Nakatani, Jan
Nelis, Maria-Elpiniki Oikonomou, Mieke Penninck, Hilke Ros, and Jeremy
Welch.Andfurtherbackintime,afewbrillianthighschoolteachersofLatin
andGreek,andespeciallyHadewigKentaneandHarryRogge,mademerealize
thatstudyingClassicsatuniversitywastheroadformetotake.
Luca Graverini, Stephen Harrison, Meriel Jones, Manfred Kraus, Sophie
Lalanne,SarahMaguire,EstherPaglialunga,LourdesRojasÁlvarez,Consuelo
Ruiz-Montero, David Scourfield, Tim Whitmarsh, and Froma Zeitlin have
viii Acknowledgements
been generous enough to send me forthcoming work. I also thank Jim
O’Driscoll for proofreading the manuscript and substantially improving my
English. At Oxford University Press, the anonymous readers have offered
excellent advice and criticism that have greatly improved the quality of the
book,andHilaryO’Sheaandherteamhavetakenthisbookthroughthepress
withadmirablecare anddiligence.
Sections from Chapter1 have appeared in/are based on De Temmerman
(2007a,2009a,2009b,2010a,2010b),whileafewparagraphsfromChapters3,
4, and 5 have appeared in De Temmerman (2012c, 2012d) and De Temmer-
manandDemoen(2011).IsincerelythanktheUniversityofCaliforniaPress,
Brill, Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée, Cambridge University Press,
and,inonecase,myco-authorfortheirkindpermissiontoreusethismaterial.
I am grateful to the Flemish Research Council (F.W.O.-Vlaanderen,
Belgium) for the financial support of the Ph.D. fellowship from which this
bookoriginatesandthepostdoctoralfellowshipduringwhichitwasfinalized.
Further thanks for such support go to Ghent University’s Research Council,
theBelgian AmericanEducational Foundation,the UniversityFoundationof
Belgium,andtheStanleyJ.Seeger’52CenterforHellenicStudiesatPrinceton
University.
Andlastbutbynomeansleast,profoundthanksgotoLieselot,mywife,for
her love, laughs, patience, help, and advice; to Bart, my brother, for moral
supportandwit;tomycaringandadmirablegrandparents;andtomyloving
parents,IgnaceandLinda,towhomIproudlyandaffectionatelydedicatethis
book.
KoenDeTemmerman
August2013
PublishedwiththesupportoftheUniversityFoundationofBelgium.
Contents
Abbreviations xi
EditionsandTranslations xxi
Introduction:character,techniquesofcharacterization,andthe
ancientGreeknovel 1
0.1 Typificationandindividuation 8
0.2 Idealisticandrealisticcharacterization 15
0.3 Staticanddynamiccharacters 18
0.4 Techniquesofcharacterization:ancientrhetoricand
modernnarratology 26
1. Chariton 46
1.1 Introducing‘ideal’character 46
1.2 Ambiguoussôphrosynê 50
1.3 UnderstandingCallirhoe 61
1.4 Heroicchange? 82
1.5 Concludingremarks 114
2. XenophonofEphesus 118
2.1 Xenophonandapheleia 118
2.2 Distancingdevices 123
2.3 Metonymicalcharacterization 130
2.4 Metaphoricalcharacterization 141
2.5 Concludingremarks 148
3. AchillesTatius 152
3.1 Clitophon’sintroduction 152
3.2 Clitophon’ssôphrosynê 158
3.3 Clitophonthewise 176
3.4 Theheroine 187
3.5 Concludingremarks 202
4. Longus 206
4.1 Paideia,pivotalmoments,andterpsis 208
4.2 Ignorance 212
4.3 Emotionaldominance 217
4.4 Rhetoricalandsocialskills 230
4.5 Concludingremarks 244
Description:The oldest European novels were written in ancient Greek during the first few centuries of the Common Era. Despite the gold rush towards these novels in the last two decades and the resurgence of interest in representations of character in literary studies, and Classical studies in particular, no vo
