Table Of Content85 Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design (NNFM)
Editors
E. H. HirschellMiinchen
K. Fujii/Kanagawa
W. Haase/Miinchen
B. van Leer/Ann Arbor
M. A. Leschziner/London
M. Pandolfi/Torino
J. Periaux/Paris
A. Rizzi/Stockholm
B. Roux/Marseille
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
ONliNE LIBRARY
Engineering
http://www.springer.de/engi ne/
Coupling of Fluids, Structures
and Waves in Aeronautics
Proceedings of a French-Australian Workshop
in Melbourne, Australia 3 - 6 December 2001
Noel G. Barton, Jaques Periaux (Editors)
Springer
Dr. Noei G. Barton
CSIRO Mathematical and Information Sdence
Locked Bag 17
North Ryde NSW 1670
Australia
Professor Jacques Periaux
P61e Scientifique
Dassault Aviation/UPMC
78 Quai Marcel Dassault
92214 Saint-Cloud
France
Library of Congress Cala logi ng· i n·P u blical ion·Dala
Coupling of fluids, structures, and waves in aeronautics : proceedings of a French·Australian
Worksbop in Melbourne, Australia, 3·6 december 2001 IN oei G. Barton, Jaques Periaux (editors).
p. cm.·" (Notes on numerica! fluid mechanics and multidisciplinary design; v. 85)
Inc1udes bibliographica! references.
1. Air flow .. Matbematics .. Congresses. 2. Coupled prob!ems (Comp!ex systemsl--Congresses. 3.
Airp!anes--Design and construction--Congresses. 1. Barton, NoeI G.II. Periaux, ]acques. [II. Notes
an numerica! fluid mechanics and multidisciplinary design; v. 85)
TL574.F5C682003
629.132'32--dc2\
This work is subject ta copyright. Al1 rigbts are ruerved, wbether the whole ar pari ofthe material
is concerned, specifically the righu of translation, reprinting, reuse of i!lustrations. recitations,
broadcasting, reproduction an microfilm ar in any olher way. and slorage in data banks. Dupli
cation of tbis publication ar parts tbereof is permitted only under the provisions of tbe German
copyrigbt Law of Septtmber 9, 1965, in its cunent version, and permission for use must always be
obtained rrom Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyrigbt
Law.
hnp:llwww.springer.de
ISllN 978-3-642-07294-9 ISBN 978-3-540-44873-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-44873-0
CI Springer.Yerlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003
Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 2003
Softcover reprint ofthc hardcover Ist edition 2003
Tbe use of general descriptive names, regislered names trademarks. etc. in this publication does
not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant
protective laws and regulalions and tberefore free for general use.
Cover design: deblik Berlin
Printed an acid free paper 62f3020/M -5432 1 O
NNFM Editor Addresses
Prof. Dr. Ernst Heinrich Hirschel Prof. Dr. Maurizio Pandolfi
(General editor) Politecnico di Torino
Herzog-Heinrich-Weg 6 Dipartimento di Ingegneria
D-85604 Zorneding Aeronautica e Spaziale
Germany Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24
E-mail: [email protected] I -10129 Torino
Italy
Prof. Dr. Kozo Fujii E-mail: [email protected]
Space Transportation Research
Division Prof. Dr. Jacques Periaux
The Institute of Space Dassault Aviation
and Astronautical Science 78, Quai Marcel Dassault
3-1-1, Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, F-92552 St. Cloud Cedex
Kanagawa, 229-8510 France
Japan E-mail: [email protected]
E-mail: [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Arthur Rizzi
Dr. Werner Haase Department of Aeronautics
Hohenkirchener Str. 19d KTH Royal Institute of Technology
D-85662 Hohenbrunn Teknikringen 8
Germany S-10044 Stockholm
E-mail: [email protected] Sweden
E-mail: [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Bram van Leer
Department of Aerospace Engineering Dr. Bernard Roux
The University of Michigan L3M - IMT La Jetee
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2140 Technopole de Chateau-Gombert
USA F-13451 Marseille Cedex 20
E-mail: [email protected] France
E-mail: [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Michael A. Leschziner
Imperial College of Science,
Technology and Medicine
Aeronautics Department
Prince Consort Road
London SW7 2BY
U.K.
E-mail: [email protected]
v
Preface
This Volume contains the Proceedings of a French - Australian workshop held in
Melbourne, Australia from 3-6 December 2001.
Entitled "Coupling of Fluids, Structures and Waves in Aeronautics (CFSWA)",
the workshop was principally organised by CSIRO Mathematical and Information
Sciences, Dassault Aviation and CNRS. The main purpose was to explore new
computational methods and tools for efficient multi-disciplinary design in aero
nautics. This enterprise strongly depends on modelling of coupled disciplines and
development of associated multi-disciplinary simulation tools. As an example of
the requirements, the original logo for the workshop illustrated coupled aeroelas
ticity, scattered radar waves and high lift problems. Optimisation is required with
respect to mUltiple objectives under conflict.
Among the many challenges to be addressed are mathematical, numerical and en
gineering problems involving coupled flows, structures and waves. Future prog
ress on these topics strongly depends on the physical and mathematical modelling
of coupled disciplines and the development of associated multi-disciplinary simu
lation tools. Strong couplings require appropriate exchanges of different kinds of
information: physical and geometrical description of models, coupling of Partial
Differential Equations (PDEs) at interfaces, and specification of boundary condi
tions or multi-objective functions in optimisation or control problems. Validation
of multi-physics software also requires ever more efficient and accurate graphic
visualisation tools representing experimental and computational data stored in da
tabases.
In particular, the scope of the workshop included the following topics:
• mathematical modeling of fluids, • multi-disciplinary design optimi-
structures and waves sation
• optimal control • drag, noise and signature reduc-
• flight dynamics and control tion
• robotics and autonomous systems • flow induced noise and turbulence
• advanced computational aerody- • aero-acoustics and aero-elasticity
namics • aircraft and UAV design
• advanced computational electro- • intelligent fluid and material sys-
magnetics tems
• advanced aircraft structure and • database tools for graphic visual i-
materials sation
The workshop was attended by 62 delegates originating from Australian and
French universities, Australian and French government laboratories (CNRS,
CSIRO, DSTO, INRIA, ONERA), and private industry.
VII
The lectures were thematically grouped into sessions on fluids, structures, waves
and numerical methods. Many speakers spoke on the coupling of these themes in
the setting of multi-physics. The lectures covered a wide spectrum from fluid dy
namics, structures, electro magnetics, optimisation, mathematical and computa
tional aspects, and aircraft design. Within the timetable, there was good opportu
nity for active discussion by delegates after each presentation.
The Round Table discussions entitled "Future Tools for Design and Manufacture
ofInnovative Products in the Aeronautics Industry" was a highlight of the work
shop and was chaired and moderated by Dr Ron Sandland, Deputy Chief Execu
tive of CSIRO. The outcomes are presented in this volume.
We wish to acknowledge the support of the three principal organising bodies:
• CSIRO Mathematical and Information Sciences
• Dassault Aviation
• CNRS
and also the generous sponsorship and guidance received from
• Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering
• ANZIAM (Australian and New Zealand Industrial and Applied Mathe
matics)
• DSTO Aeronautical and Maritime Research Laboratory
• Embassy of the Republic of France in Australia
Dr Nick Stokes (CSIRO Mathematical and Information Sciences) is especially
thanked for his organisational assistance. Dr Mourad Sefrioui is thanked for valu
able assistance in the Round Table discussions.
Finally, we are grateful to the French -Australian Chamber of Commerce and In
dustry for arranging a very pleasant banquet held at The Australian Club, which
was hosted in a convivial and stylish fashion by Mr Daniel Fremont (Direction
Generale Internationale of Dassault Aviation).
Noel Barton Jacques Periaux
CSIRO Mathematical and Information Sciences Dassault Aviation
April 2003
VIII
Forewords
Mathematical models have been used for years with the help of powerful comput
ers and numerical analysis to give new possibilities for simulation of complex
systems in many scientific domains and industrial application fields, including
aeronautics in particular.
But in most cases, modelling tools remain enscribed in their peculiar scientific dis
ciplines. A new step is now necessary to satisty the demand for more efficient
models of real complex systems. It consists in integrating - within the same nu
merical simulation - the different physical phenomena, which are not simply su
perposed but which are coupled by the nonlinear characteristics of the system or
the subsystems. Simplified models with separated physical effects are not adequate
for these real complex systems.
The complexity of such systems is not only in their structure, but also in their be
havior. As a consequence, multiscale representation must be introduced in the
models. Aeronautics requires a scientific effort with both multidisciplinary and
multi scale approaches.
The Australian and French scientific and technical communities are strongly in
volved in solving these problems and both have the capabilities for such a chal
lenge. The CFSWA workshop gave, with the help of CSIRO, CNRS and Dassault
A viation, a sharp evaluation of the state of the art of mathematical tools for aero
nautics and established the basis for fruitful future cooperation between the two
countries. These Proceedings present this evaluation for the wider scientific com
munity.
1.-1. Gagnepain
CNRS
As a discipline, Mathematics possesses its own rules of elegance, order, consis
tency and applicability. These have served the discipline well since the time of
Newton. And they will continue to do so.
However the emergence of challenging new industrial paradigms creates an op
portunity to rethink both the importance and relevance of Mathematics in this
context. In parallel, the inexorable march of Moore's Law has created a computa
tional environment in which massive simulations are quite feasible and the most
complex visualisation requirements can be met.
IX
The drivers of the new industrial paradigms include quality, cost and integration of
design and manufacture. Quality means meeting customers' needs reliably and ef
ficiently. In aeronautics this means designing aeroplanes that are "more affordable,
safer, quieter and cleaner" (the European vision of future aeronautics). Mathemati
cal modelling offers a new path to achieving this commendable goal since realistic
simulation of all aspects of the manufacturing process and operational performance
is now quite achievable. This is absolutely critical in aeronautics. It also offers the
ability to dramatically reduce cycle times in both design and manufacture, to de
sign for manufacturability and to innovate around design parameters in a manner
that is unachievable in the previous paradigm - constructing and testing prototypes
and experimental manufacturing processes.
New computational paradigms, involving exponentially increasing speed and
memory, permit greater degrees of realism through the incorporation of higher lev
els of physics and chemistry in models.
In all of the above a strong value proposition is emerging based on improved qual
ity and reduced cycle times. It can only be realised however in a multidisciplinary
environment in which this high level of mathematical modelling and computational
science operates in a manner which is informed by the business context (what are
the key problems being faced?) and engineering/manufacturing considerations.
Once this environment has been established the sky (pun intended) is the limit!
The CFSWA workshop was refreshing in that those present were clearly aware of
the potential of the field but also highly cognisant of the challenges of the business
environment that will enable this potential to be realised. CSIRO is proud to have
partnered with CNRS and Dassault Aviation as principal organisers of this work
shop and grateful to an excellent organising team for bringing it to fruition.
Ron Sandland
CSIRO
x
CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Fluids
G.A. BIRD: The effect of noise and vibration on separated flow regions
in hypersonic flow .................................................................... .
H. M. BLACKBURN: Computational bluff body fluid dynamics and
aeroelasticity ............ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...... ... ... ... ...... ...... ... ... ... 10
S. CANDEL, S. DUCRUIX, T. SCHULLER and D. DUROX: Dynamics
and control of flames interacting with pressure waves ............................. 24
P. LE QUERE, E. GADOIN, O. DAUBE, S. XIN and L. TUCKER-
MAN: A general method for studying the hydrodynamic stability of
flows in enclosures........................... .......................................... 38
Chapter 2 Structures
A. DERVIEUX, B. KOOBUS, E. SCHALL, R. LARDAT and C.
FARHA T: Application of unsteady fluid-structure methods to problems
in aeronautics and space... ... ... ... ... ...... ... ... ... ...... ... ... ..................... 57
J.-P. GRISVAL: Numerical simulation in aeroelasticity for complex con-
figurations in a transonic flow.......... . . . . .. . .. . .. . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . ...... . . . .... 71
K. HOURIGAN, 1. McBEAN, M. THOMPSON and FENG LUI: Nume-
rical prediction of flow instabilities and aeroelastic effects .................. ... 87
M.L. SCOTT, M.Q. NGUYEN, Dol. ELDER, J. BAYANDOR, S.P.
RAJBHANDARI and R.S. THOMSON: Explicit finite element model-
ling ofimpact events on composite aerospace structures... ... .................. 10 1
LIYONG TONG and DONGCHANG SUN: Dynamics and control of
smart structures using piezoelectric actuators and sensors ......................... 115
P. TRIVAILO and T. GILBERT: Overview of nonlinear finite element
modelling of flexible manoeuvring aerospace structures ... ........... ... .... 129
Chapter 3 Electromagnetics
S.J. ANDERSON: Inverse problems in HF radar ...... ... ... ...... ............ 143
C. CALNIBALOSKY: Antenna integration on aircraft; needs and meth-
odology ................................................... ............. ... ...... ... ... 158
F. COLLINO and B. DESPRES: An iterative method for time-harmonic
integral Maxwell's equations ........................................................... 171
JUNWEI LU: High performance computation and visualization of EMs
using an integrated computation system ........................................... 182
XI
