Counseling Skills for Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists

554 Pages·2011·7.169 MB·

by  Lydia V. Flasher and Paul T. Fogle

Counseling Skills for
Speech-Language
Pathologists
and Audiologists
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Counseling Skills for
Speech-Language
Pathologists
and Audiologists
S E C O N D E D I T I O N
Lydia V. Flasher, Ph.D. Paul T. Fogle, Ph.D., CCC-SLP
Director, Psychology Training Programs Private Practice
Licensed Psychologist Sacramento/Elk Grove, California
Children’s Health Council
Palo Alto, California
Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States
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Counseling Skills for Speech-Language © 2012, 2004 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Pathologists and Audiologists,
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright
Second Edition
herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form
Lydia V. Flasher, Ph.D. and Paul T. Fogle,
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Ph.D., CCC-SLP
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Printed in the United States of America
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DEDICATION
Th is book is dedicated to
my mentor Dr. Hans H. Strupp
and my husband Dr. Dawson S. Schultz.
L. V. F.
Th is book is dedicated to
the students and professionals who will be using
what they learn to help their clients, patients,
and families. I also wish to dedicate this book to
my lifelong friend Ed Little, to my wife,
V. Carol Fogle, R. N., and to my daughters,
Heather B. Morrison and Heather Lea Fogle.
P. T. F.
Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiii
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
About the Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xix
PART I FOUNDATIONS OF COUNSELING SKILLS
Chapter 1 THE BASICS
Chapter Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Definition of Counseling for SLPs and Auds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Using Counseling Skills Versus Being a Counselor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Counseling: Science and Art . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Overlap in the Work of SLPs, Auds, and Psychologists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Personal Qualities of Effective Helpers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Purposes of Counseling for SLPs and Auds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Counseling Boundaries and Scope of Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Ethical and Legal Aspects of Counseling for Our Professions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Bioethical Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Concluding Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Discussion Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Chapter 2 THEORIES OF COUNSELING: APPLICATION TO SPEECH-LANGUAGE
PATHOLOGY AND AUDIOLOGY
Chapter Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Humanistic Approaches to Counseling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Interpersonal Approaches to Counseling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Behavioral Approaches to Counseling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
vii
Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
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viii ■ TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cognitive Approaches to Counseling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Family Systems Approaches to Counseling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Existential Approaches to Counseling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Multicultural Approaches to Counseling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Theoretical Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Concluding Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Discussion Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Role Plays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Chapter 3 THE THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP AND THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION
Chapter Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Variables Contributing to the Therapeutic Relationship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Transference and Countertransference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Attending and Listening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Tone of Voice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Empathy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Respect for the Person . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Therapeutic Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Consistency of Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Nonblaming Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Making Clear Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Counseling with Children and Adolescents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Counseling with Adults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Counseling with Elderly Adults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Avoiding “Pathologizing” the Person or Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Negotiating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Concluding Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Discussion Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Role Plays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Chapter 4 INTERVIEWING AND THERAPY MICROSKILLS
Chapter Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Counseling Microskills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Accurate Observations and Listening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Selective Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Concluding Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Discussion Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Role Plays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.