Cost Estimating Manual for Water Treatment Facilities

197 Pages·2008·13.82 MB·English

by  Susumu Kawamura

COST ESTIMATING MANUAL FOR
WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
Cost Estimating Manual for Water Treatment Facilities William McGivney and Susumu Kawamura
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN: 978-0-471-72997-6
COST ESTIMATING
MANUAL FOR
WATER TREATMENT
FACILITIES
William McGivney
Susumu Kawamura
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData:
McGivney,William.
Costestimatingmanualforwatertreatmentfacilities/
WilliamMcGivneyandSusumuKawamura.
p.cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN-13:978-0-471-72997-6(cloth/CD:alk.paper)
ISBN-10:0-471-72997-3(cloth/CD:alk.paper)
1. Watertreatmentplants–Designandconstruction–
Estimates–Handbooks,manuals,etc. I. Kawamura,Susumu. II. Title.
TD434.M382008
628.1060681–dc22 2008003737
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Preface xi
List of Illustrations xv
Chapter 1 Introduction to Construction
Cost Estimating 1
1.1 CostEstimating–ArtorScience? 1
1.2 StructureoftheManual 1
1.3 RulesofThumbforGoodEstimates 2
1.4 UseofHistoricData 3
1.5 AdjustingtheNumbers 3
Chapter 2 Water Treatment Processes 5
2.1 BasicPlantDesignPhilosophy 5
2.2 BriefDescriptionofBasicWaterTreatment 6
2.3 BasicConventionalWaterTreatmentProcesses 8
2.4 AdvancedWaterTreatmentProcesses 12
Chapter 3 Solids Handling and Disposal 17
3.1 SolidsHandling 17
3.2 SludgeThickening 17
3.3 SludgeDewateringandDrying 18
v
vi CONTENTS
Chapter 4 Construction Cost Estimating
at Predesign 19
4.1 ConstructionCostEstimating 19
4.2 ClassesandTypesofCostEstimates 20
4.3 PredesignConstructionCostEstimating 21
4.4 DefinitionofTerms 21
4.5 EstimatingMethodology 24
4.6 CapitalImprovementCosts 26
Chapter 5 Water Treatment Predesign
Construction Costs 29
5.1 Introduction 29
5.2 TreatmentProcessandCostEstimatingParameters 30
5.3 CostCurves 32
5.4 EstimatingProcessandTotalFacilitiesCost 32
5.5 IndividualTreatmentProcessCostCurves 32
5.5.1 ChlorineStorageandFeedfrom150-lb
to1-tonCylinders 32
5.5.2 ChlorineStorageTankwithRailDeliveryor
FeedfromRailCar 36
5.5.3 ChlorineDirectFeedfromRailCar 37
5.5.4 OzoneGeneration 37
5.5.5 OzoneContactChamber 39
5.5.6 LiquidAlumFeed 39
5.5.7 DryAlumFeed 40
5.5.8 PolymerFeed 41
5.5.9 LimeFeed 42
5.5.10 PotassiumPermanganateFeed(KMNO4) 42
5.5.11 SulfuricAcidFeed 43
5.5.12 SodiumHydroxideFeed 43
5.5.13 FerricChlorideFeed 45
Contents vii
5.5.14 AnhydrousAmmoniaFeed 46
5.5.15 AquaAmmoniaFeed 46
5.5.16 PowderedActivatedCarbon 47
5.5.17 RapidMixG ¼ 300 48
5.5.18 RapidMixG ¼ 600 49
5.5.19 RapidMixG ¼ 900 49
5.5.20 FlocculatorG ¼ 20 50
5.5.21 FlocculatorG ¼ 50 50
5.5.22 FlocculatorG ¼ 80 52
5.5.23 CircularClarifierwith10-FtSideWaterDepth 52
5.5.24 RectangularClarifier 53
5.5.25 GravityFilterStructure 55
5.5.26 FilterMedia–StratifiedSand 57
5.5.27 FilterMedia–DualMedia 57
5.5.28 FilterMulti-Media 58
5.5.29 FilterBackwashPumping 58
5.5.30 SurfaceWashSystem 59
5.5.31 AirScourWashSystem 59
5.5.32 WashWaterSurgeBasin 60
5.5.33 FilterWasteWashWaterStorageTank 61
5.5.34 ClearwellWaterStorage–BelowGround 62
5.5.35 FinishedWaterPumping–TDH–100Ft 63
5.5.36 RawWaterPumping 64
5.5.37 GravitySludgeThickener 65
5.5.38 SludgeDewateringLagoons 66
5.5.39 SandDryingBeds 68
5.5.40 FilterPress 69
5.5.41 BeltFilterPress 69
5.5.42 CentrifugeFacility 71
5.5.43 Administration,Laboratory,and
MaintenanceBuilding 72
viii CONTENTS
5.6 EstimatingCapitalCosts 73
5.7 EstimatingCapitalCostsofaConventionalWater
TreatmentPlant 75
5.7.1 Two-StageFiltrationPlant 75
5.7.2 DirectFiltrationPlant 80
5.7.3 ConventionalFiltrationPlant 80
5.7.4 DissolvedAirFlotationFiltrationPlant 81
5.7.5 LimeandSodaAshFiltrationPlant 81
5.7.6 IronandManganeseRemovalPlant 82
5.7.7 MicroMembraneFiltrationPlant 83
5.7.8 DirectFiltrationwithPre-ozone
FiltrationPlant 84
5.7.9 ConventionalTreatmentwithOzonation
andGACFiltrationPlant 84
5.8 EstimatingtheCostofAdvancedWater
TreatmentPlants 86
5.8.1 ReverseOsmosis(RO)TreatmentPlant 88
5.8.2 Multiple-EffectDistillation (MED)Treatment
Plant 89
5.8.3 MechanicalVaporCompression(MVC)
TreatmentPlant 89
5.8.4 Multi-StageFlash(MSF)Distillation
TreatmentPlant 90
5.8.5 Ultra-FiltrationandNano-Filtration 91
Chapter 6 Operation and Maintenance Cost
Impacts 95
6.1 AnnualOperatingandMaintenanceCost 95
6.2 O&MCostCurves 96
6.2.1a Two-StageFiltration 96
6.2.1b DirectFiltration 97
6.2.1c ConventionalTreatment 97
Contents ix
6.2.2a DissolvedAirFlotation 98
6.2.2b Lime&SodaAshSoftening 98
6.2.2c IronManganeseRemoval 99
6.2.3a MicroMembraneFiltration 99
6.2.3b DirectFiltrationwithPre-Ozonation 100
6.2.3c ConventionalTreatmentwithOzonation
andGACFilters 100
6.3 AdvancedWaterTreatment–Seawater
Desalination 100
6.3.1 O&MCostsforReverseOsmosisTreatment 101
6.3.2 O&MCostsforMulti-StageFlash 101
6.3.3 O&MCostsforMultipleEffectDistillation
(MED)Treatment 102
6.3.4 O&MCostsforMechanicalVapor
Compression(MVC)Treatment 102
6.3.5 O&MCostsforUltra-Filtrationand
Nano-Filtration 103
Chapter 7 Future Water Supply, Treatment
and Distribution 105
Appendices 109
PrefacetotheAppendices 111
AppendixA—DetailedTreatmentPlantCostTables 113
A.1a Two-StageFiltrationProcess10MGD 115
A.1b Two-StageFiltrationProcess100MGD 119
A.2a DirectFiltrationProcess10MGD 123
A.2b DirectFiltrationProcess100MGD 127
A.3a ConventionalWaterTreatmentProcesses
10MGD 131
A.3b ConventionalWaterTreatmentProcesses
100MGD 135
x CONTENTS
A.4a DissolvedAirFlotation(DAF)as
PretreatmentProcess10MGD 139
A.4b DissolvedAirFlotation(DAF)as
PretreatmentProcess100MGD 143
A.5a LimeandSodaAshWaterSofteningProcess
10MGD 147
A.5b LimeandSodaAshWaterSofteningProcess
100MGD 151
A.6a IronandManganeseRemovalProcess
10MGD 155
A.6b IronandManganeseRemovalProcess
100MGD 159
A.7a MicroMembraneFiltrationProcess10MGD 163
A.7b MicroMembraneFiltrationProcess
100MGD 167
A.8a DirectFiltrationwithPre-Ozonation
10MGD 171
A.8b DirectFiltrationwithPre-Ozonation
100MGD 175
A.9a ConventionalTreatmentProcesswith
OzonationandGACFilters10MGD 179
A.9b ConventionalTreatmentProcesswith
OzonationandGACFilters100MGD 183
AppendixB—TableB1—BasisofOpinionofProbable
ConstructionCost 187
AppendixC—ShorthandConversionTablefor
Metric(SI)ConversionsandOtherUsefulFactors 190
Glossary 191
Bibliography 197
Index 199