Cosmetology (gnv64)

274 Pages·2010·15.05 MB·English

by  Anthony Gonzalez

First Edition, 2007

ISBN 978 81 89940 45 4

© All rights reserved.

Published by:

Global Media
1819, Bhagirath Palace,
Chandni Chowk, Delhi-110 006
Email: [email protected]
Table of Contents

1. Introduction to Cosmetology
2. How to Become A Cosmetologist
3. How to Apply Foundation
4. Make Up for Eyes
5. Manicure
6. Pedicure
7. Hair
8. Care Tips for Lips
9. Skin and Make Up for Face
10. The Basic Tips for Make Up
11. Grooming Tips for Hands and Feet
12. Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary
Cosmetology
Cosmetology is the treatment of skin, hair and nails and includes, but is not limited to,
manicures, pedicures, application of artificial nails, special occasion hairstyling,
shampooing hair, cosmetic application, body hair removal, chemical hair relaxers or
straighteners, permanent waves, coloring and highlighting of hair, and hair extensions or
wig treatments. A person who is licensed in cosmetology is called a cosmetologist.
A cosmetologist, sometimes called a beautician, a beauty specialist, or an esthetician
or aesthetician, is a worker who specializes in giving beauty treatments. The recipients
of these treatments are usually women, however there is a growing number of men. A
general cosmetologist is proficient in all forms of beauty care and can give hair
treatments, facials, skin treatments, and nail treatments.
There are specific disciplines of cosmetology that some cosmetologists may specialize in.
The different types of special cosmetologists include hair stylists, shampooers,
manicurists, estheticians and electrologists. Many cosmetologists specialize in at least
one of these categories.
Hair Stylist
A hair stylist specializes in the styling of hair, including cutting, chemical perms
(relaxers, curls, waves) and color treatments. Hair stylists can also apply hair extensions
and weaves. Hair stylists can also shampoo and condition client's hair, though this is not
always necessary. Some hair stylists also give recommendations and perform work on
wigs and hairpieces.
Shampoo Technician
The shampoo technician is a sub-category of the hair stylist. A shampoo tech shampoos
and conditions a client's hair to create a balanced hair care finish for the hair stylist.
Shampoo techs are normally only employed by a corporate or concept salons,and large
volume beauty salons that are operated simultaneously.
Manicurist
A manicurist specializes in nail care, including manicures, pedicures, and nail extensions.
Esthetician
An esthetician, or aesthetician, specializes in the study of skin care, including facial
treatments, body wraps, including salt glows, waxing as a form of hair removal, and
cosmetic make-up services. Some estheticians also offer full body skin treatments and
other related services. In some states, estheticians work with dermatologists to offer more
services, including laser hair removal, laser skin resurfacing, and many types of chemical
peels.
Electrologist
An electrologist offers removal of unwanted hair via an electrolysis machine. As opposed
to the hair removal via waxing offered by an esthetician, hair removal via electrolysis is
permanent. It has recently been argued that barbers are also cosmetologists who extend
the hair stylist speciality with services especially for men, such as shaving.
Becoming a cosmetologist
To become a cosmetologist in the United States, a state license is required. Each state
mandates the amount of educational hours necessary before a practical exam may be
taken. Some states also allow apprenticeships in hair salons under the guidance of a
licensed cosmetology teacher, but this is quickly becoming obsolete. Safety guidelines
and the threat of lawsuits have changed the salon environment, and kept apprentices away
from the chair. These days it is beneficial for anyone interested in cosmetology to pursue
the minimum qualifications of hairdressing. Cosmetology licenses must be renewed
every four years. Licenses expire on December 31st of the expiration year. In the past,
continuing education hours were mandatory, but as of July 1st, 2006 there are no longer
mandatory hours.
There is a difference between a barber and a cosmetologist. Barbers mainly cut hair of
men and women, and shave the facial hair of men. The primary difference between the
skills of a barber and cosmetologist, is the way they cut hair. Barbers utilize scissors and
comb technique, along with electric clippers to cut hair. Cosmetologists use these tools
also, but the primary difference is use of fingers on one hand to hold and stabilze the
hair.Barbers are also allowed to use a straight razor to shave their clients, whereas a
cosmetologist can only use a razor if it used for cutting hair.
A cosmetologist is concerned with a wide range of services not limited to hair. These
include makeup, skincare, and nails. Today, the traditional barber is being replaced by
well educated beauty professionals in some areas. Schooling is rigorous, and salons will
typically retrain a hair stylist in their own method or program. Today the median income
for a hairdresser is $26,000 and is much higher in some areas.
A difference also exists between beauty therapy and cosmetology. Beauty therapy
involves itself with beautician or aestheticienne work (treatment of skin and nails,
including manicures, pedicures, facials, waxing, facial electrical treatments, eyelash
tinting, eyebrow tinting and other such treatments), physiatrics or body therapy work
(Swedish massage, anatomy and physiology, body electrical treatments, body wraps,
body treatments, figure analysis and cellulite treatments), and electrologywork or
electrolysis. A cosmetologist instead deals with surface-only treatments. Beauty
therapists can be qualified internationally through international bodies like ITEC,
CIBTAC and CIDESCO.
Most cosmetologists are paid in one of the following three ways:
• Commission pay – A percentage of the money made from the provision of
services is given back to the cosmetologist as pay. Many paid this way are
considered self-employed, and are responsible for taxes. The salon will provide
overhead expenses such as products, lights, water, etc.
• Booth rental – The cosmetologist "rents" a space in the salon, for a monthly fee.
This type of pay is defined as self-employment and the cosmetologist is
responsible for all products used (perms, color etc.) as well as taxes. In many
states, this form of payment is illegal, owing to the difficulty of regulating the
individual cosmetologist both legally and business wise.
• An hourly wage – Many corporate and small chains are going in this direction
since it promotes a more controlled product by ensuring that employees are
responsible for following company standards and policies.
Tips are another source of income. Skilled cosmetologists can often make a considerable
portion of their income from tips from customers.
In most states, cosmetology sanitation practices and ethical practices are governed by the
state's health department, and a Board of Cosmetology. These entities ensure public
safety by regulating sanitation products and practices, and licensing requirements.
Consumer complaints are ususally directed to these offices, and investigated from there.
If someone were interested in studying cosmetology, they could take a general
cosmetology course and graduate, being able to test to become licensed for all of the
things listed above, or they could choose to study only to become a manicurist or
cosmetician. There are private schools, and many vocational schools offer Cosmetology
to high school students. In addition, there are national organizations that provide
educational and professional information.
COSMETOLOGIST
Cosmetologists provide beauty services such as fashioning and caring for hair,
beautifying the face, grooming hands and nails; and removing unwanted body hair
with tweezers, chemicals, or wax.

NATURE OF THE OCCUPATION
Cosmetologists may:
Shampoo, cut, and style hair
Analyze hair to determine its condition
Wave or straighten hair
Clean, cut, and style wigs
Give manicures and shape eyebrows
Make appointments
Give scalp and facial treatments
Provide makeup analysis and apply makeup according to style or customer's
preference
Keep the work area clean and sanitize all work aids
Apply bleach or tint to hair
The tools and equipment used may include:
* Combs, rollers, and clippers * Shampoos, rinses, and conditioners
* Curling irons and hair dryers * Bleaches and tints
* Hair pins, clips and brushes * Chemical waving solutions
* Infrared or ultraviolet lamps * Lotions, creams, nail polishes
* Cosmetic preparations for hair and scalp
* Electric needles (used by licensed Electrologists only)
OCCUPATIONAL SPECIALTIES
Cosmetologists may specialize in these areas:
339.371-010 ELECTROLOGISTS remove hair or blemishes from the skin by use
of an electric, round-tipped needle.
332.271-018 HAIR STYLISTS cut and arrange hair according to the latest style
or period.
332.361-010 WIG DRESSERS dress wigs and hair pieces according to customers'
instructions.
332.271-010 COSMETOLOGISTS fashion and care for hair, beautify the face,
and groom hands and nails.
331.674-010 MANICURISTS clean, shape, and polish customers' fingernails and
toenails.
331.674-014 FINGERNAIL FORMER Some manicurists extend nails to the
desired length by using powder and solvent to form artificial fingernails on the
customers' fingers and are called fingernail formers.
187.167-058 BARBER OR BEAUTY SHOP MANAGERS supervise employees,
order supplies, keep records, and pay bills. They also handle public relations,
advertising, and salon maintenance arrangements.
339.371-014 SCALP-TREATMENT OPERATORS give hair and scalp
treatments to customers for hygienic or remedial purposes. They may massage,
shampoo, and steam the patron's hair and scalp; apply medication to the scalp; or
administer other remedial treatments to relieve such conditions as dandruff or
itching scalp.
In addition to learning about these specialties, you may also find it helpful to
explore the following MOIScript:
067 BARBER

WORKING CONDITIONS AND REQUIREMENTS
Cosmetologists usually work independently in clean, well lighted, and well-
ventilated shops. Many shops are air-conditioned. Most salons are small, having
fewer than four employees. More than half of all salons are owner operated.
Most Cosmetologists work a 5-day, 40-hour week that includes weekend and
evening work. More than one-third of all Cosmetologists work part- time, since
owners are eager to hire workers for the Thursday through Saturday busy period.
Overtime work may be necessary during this period and during holiday seasons as
well.
The salon owner may furnish most of the equipment used by Cosmetologists.
However, Cosmetologists may have to supply their own personal equipment such
as scissors, rollers, and brushes. Electrologists generally furnish their own
equipment, such as an electrolysis machine, a reclining chair, and a stool, at a cost
of between $1,000 to $2,000 or more.
In some salons, Cosmetologists are able to rent booths. They receive all of their
earnings but pay a booth rental fee to the shop owner.
Cosmetologists may belong to The United Food and Commercial Workers Union.
Members usually pay periodic dues.
You Should Prefer:
• Having business contact with people
• Doing creative work
• Seeing the physical results of your work
You Should Be Able To:
• Perform a variety of duties which may change often
• Feel at ease with strangers
• Adapt color and style to customer's features
• Make decisions based on personal judgment and hair and skin analyses
• Recognize differences in colors, shades, and forms
• Communicate well with customers and take instructions
Math Problem You Should Be Able to Solve:
You are doing inventory on hair coloring products. At the beginning of last year,
you purchased 16 gallons of blonde coloring, 11 gallons of brown and 6 gallons
of red. In the past year, 50% of blonde hair coloring was used, 20% of red hair