Corpus linguistics around the world

242 Pages·2006·1.21 MB·English

by  Andrew Wilson (Editor)

(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:88)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:86)(cid:3)
(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:79)(cid:71)
(cid:47)(cid:36)(cid:49)(cid:42)(cid:56)(cid:36)(cid:42)(cid:40)(cid:3)(cid:36)(cid:49)(cid:39)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:50)(cid:48)(cid:51)(cid:56)(cid:55)(cid:40)(cid:53)(cid:54)(cid:29)
(cid:54)(cid:55)(cid:56)(cid:39)(cid:44)(cid:40)(cid:54)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:49)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:53)(cid:36)(cid:38)(cid:55)(cid:44)(cid:38)(cid:36)(cid:47)(cid:3)(cid:47)(cid:44)(cid:49)(cid:42)(cid:56)(cid:44)(cid:54)(cid:55)(cid:44)(cid:38)(cid:54)
(cid:49)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:24)(cid:25)
(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:92)(cid:3)
(cid:38)(cid:75)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:68)(cid:76)(cid:85)
(cid:38)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:41)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:72)(cid:92)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)
(cid:49)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:78)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:77)(cid:78)
(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:88)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:86)(cid:3)
(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:79)(cid:71)
(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)
(cid:40)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:92)(cid:3)
(cid:36)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:90)(cid:3)(cid:58)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:86)(cid:82)(cid:81)
(cid:39)(cid:68)(cid:90)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:36)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:85)
(cid:51)(cid:68)(cid:88)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:53)(cid:68)(cid:92)(cid:86)(cid:82)(cid:81)
(cid:36)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:71)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:3)(cid:49)(cid:72)(cid:90)(cid:3)(cid:60)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:78)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:49)(cid:60)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:25)
(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:81)(cid:29)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:87)
(cid:139)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:29)(cid:3)(cid:49)(cid:36)(cid:54)(cid:36)(cid:3)(cid:9)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:57)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:11)(cid:75)(cid:87)(cid:87)(cid:83)(cid:29)(cid:18)(cid:18)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:17)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:68)(cid:17)(cid:74)(cid:82)(cid:89)(cid:18)(cid:12)
(cid:50)(cid:81)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:88)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:88)(cid:69)(cid:86)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:83)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:29)
(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:90)(cid:90)(cid:17)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:82)(cid:83)(cid:76)(cid:17)(cid:81)(cid:79)
(cid:55)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3) (cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3) (cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3) (cid:90)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:3) (cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:3) (cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:82)(cid:78)(cid:3) (cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:3) (cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3) (cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:3) (cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3) (cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:84)(cid:88)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:3) (cid:82)(cid:73)
(cid:5)(cid:44)(cid:54)(cid:50)(cid:3)(cid:28)(cid:26)(cid:19)(cid:25)(cid:29)(cid:20)(cid:28)(cid:28)(cid:23)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:82)(cid:70)(cid:88)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:82)(cid:70)(cid:88)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:3)
(cid:53)(cid:72)(cid:84)(cid:88)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:5)(cid:17)
(cid:44)(cid:54)(cid:37)(cid:49)(cid:29)(cid:3)(cid:28)(cid:19)(cid:16)(cid:23)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:16)(cid:20)836-4(cid:3)(cid:11)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:12)
(cid:139)(cid:40)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:53)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:82)(cid:83)(cid:76)(cid:3)(cid:37)(cid:17)(cid:57)(cid:17)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:36)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:71)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:3)(cid:49)(cid:72)(cid:90)(cid:3)(cid:60)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:78)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:49)(cid:60)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:25)
(cid:51)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:55)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:49)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:86)
Contents
Preface
Andrew Wilson, Dawn Archer and Paul Rayson
Methodology and steps towards the construction of EPEC, a corpus 1
of written Basque tagged at morphological and syntactic levels for
automatic processing
Aduriz I., Aranzabe M.J., Arriola J.M., Atutxa A., Díaz de Ilarraza
A., Ezeiza N., Gojenola K., Oronoz M., Soroa A., Urizar R.
The mood of the (financial) markets: in a corpus of words and of 17
pictures
Khurshid Ahmad, David Cheng, Tugba Taskaya, Saif Ahmad, Lee
Gillam, Pensiri Manomaisupat, Hayssam Traboulsi and Andrew
Hippisley
Towards a methodology for corpus-based studies of linguistic 33
change: Contrastive observations and their possible diachronic
interpretations in the Korpus 2000 and Korpus 90 General Corpora
of Danish
Jørg Asmussen
Synchronic and diachronic variation: the how and why of 49
sociolinguistic corpora
Kate Beeching
Statistical analysis of the source origin of Maltese 63
Roderick Bovingdon and Angelo Dalli
Discovering regularities in non-native speech 77
Julie Carson-Berndsen, Ulrike Gut and Robert Kelly
Tracking lexical changes in the reference corpus of Slovene texts 91
Vojko Gorjanc
Relating linguistic units to socio-contextual information in a 101
spontaneous speech corpus of Spanish
José María Guirao, Antonio Moreno Sandoval, Ana González
Ledesma, Guillermo de la Madrid, Manuel Alcántara
An analysis of lexical text coverage in contemporary German 115
Randall L. Jones
Analysing a semantic corpus study across English dialects: 121
Searching for paradigmatic parallels
Sarah Lee and Debra Ziegeler
The curse and the blessing of mobile phones – a corpus-based study 141
into American and Polish rhetorical conventions
Agnieszka Le(cid:276)ko-Szyma(cid:276)ska
Using a dedicated corpus to identify features of professional 155
English usage: What do “we” do in science journal articles?
Judy Noguchi, Thomas Orr and Yukio Tono
Methods and tools for development of the Russian Reference 167
Corpus
Serge Sharoff
A profile-based calculation of region and register variation: the 181
synchronic and diachronic status of the two main national varieties
of Dutch
Dirk Speelman, Stefan Grondelaers and Dirk Geeraerts
A multilingual learner corpus in Brazil 195
Stella E. O. Tagnin
Quantitative or qualitative content analysis? Experiences from a 203
cross-cultural comparison of female students’ attitudes to shoe
fashions in Germany, Poland and Russia
Andrew Wilson and Olga Moudraia
Survey and Prospect of China’s Corpus-Based Research 219
Yang Xiao-jun
Corpus linguistics around the world
Andrew Wilson, Dawn Archer and Paul Rayson
Lancaster University
Preface
The scope of corpus-based research is becoming ever wider.
Not so many years ago, the vast majority of corpus-linguistic research was
concerned with the grammar and vocabulary of standard language varieties – the
latter meaning, in many cases, British or American English. Whilst research on
other topics, languages, and varieties was by no means completely absent from
the scene, this was the general picture of the field which came across to the
interested observer.
Today, things have changed dramatically. As this volume shows, the range of
languages, research questions, and, indeed, methodologies which are addressed
by corpus linguists has diversified. It is probably true to say that none of the
papers published in this volume focuses primarily on standard English as a
general variety. Here we find work not only on English dialects (Lee & Ziegeler)
but also on learner language (Carson-Berndsen, Gut & Kelly; Lenko-Szymanska;
Tagnin) and on a wide range of world languages - Basque (Aduriz et al.), Chinese
(Xiao-jun), Danish (Asmussen), Dutch (Speelman et al.), German (Jones),
Maltese (Bovingdon & Dalli), Russian (Sharoff), Slovene (Gorjanc), and Spanish
(Guirao et al.). In terms of the research questions addressed, the more
‘traditional’ areas of corpus linguistics are still well represented, with papers on
vocabulary (Jones), spoken language (Carson-Berndsen, Gut & Kelly; Guirao et
al.), synchronic and diachronic variation (Asmussen, Beeching; Bovingdon &
Dalli; Gorjanc; Lee & Ziegeler; Speelman et al.), Languages for Special Purposes
(Noguchi, Orr & Tono), tagging, and corpus development (Aduriz et al.; Sharoff).
However, exciting new departures are also present, with corpus-based work now
extending into areas such as cross-cultural rhetoric and social psychology (Lenko-
Szymanska; Wilson & Moudraia) and even economic forecasting (Ahmad et al.).
The papers published in this volume are but a small selection from the many
which were presented at the Corpus Linguistics 2003 conference, held at
Lancaster University in March 2003. This was the second Corpus Linguistics
conference which we hosted at Lancaster (the first was in 2001), and, like its
predecessor, it truly amazed us with the range of corpus-informed work being
carried out world-wide. Computer corpus linguistics continues to thrive and to
extend into so many areas of inquiry, many of which would probably have been
unimaginable for its pioneers in the 1960s and 1970s. We are sure that it will
continue to hold surprises for us. In the meantime, perhaps this collection of
recent corpus research around the globe will whet the reader’s appetite to follow
up new developments in this fast-moving field.
Andrew Wilson
Dawn Archer
Paul Rayson
Lancaster, August 2004
Methodology and steps towards the construction of EPEC, a
corpus of written Basque tagged at morphological and syntactic
levels for automatic processing
Aduriz I.*, Aranzabe M.J., Arriola J.M., Atutxa A., Díaz de Ilarraza A., Ezeiza N.,
Gojenola K., Oronoz M., Soroa A., Urizar R.
University of the Basque Country * University of Barcelona.
Abstract
In this article, we will describe the different steps in the construction of EPEC (Reference
Corpus for the Processing of Basque). EPEC is a corpus of standard written Basque that
has been manually tagged at different levels (morphology, surface syntax, phrases) and is
currently being hand-tagged at deep syntax level following the Dependency Structure-
based Scheme. It is aimed to be a "reference" corpus for the development and
improvement of several NLP tools for Basque. This corpus has already been used for the
construction of some tools such as a morphological analyser, a lemmatiser, or a shallow
syntactic analyser.
1. Introduction
When specifying the strategic priorities for the development of language
technology in minority languages, Sarasola (2000) stated:
Language foundations and research are essential to create any tool or
application; but in the same way tools and applications will be very
helpful in research and improving language foundations. Therefore,
these three levels [applications, tools, and language foundations] have
to be incrementally developed in a parallel and coordinated way in
order to get the best benefit possible.
Moreover, Sarasola (2000) proposes five phases as a general strategy to follow in
the processing of a language: (1) laying foundations, (2) basic tools, (3) tools of
medium complexity, (4) advanced tools and multilinguality, and (5) general
applications. In all the phases proposed, corpora, first raw and then tagged, stand
out as an essential language resource.
In this article, we will describe the different steps in the construction of EPEC
(Reference Corpus for the Processing of Basque). EPEC is a corpus of standard
written Basque that has been manually tagged at different levels (morphology,
surface syntax, phrases) and is currently being hand tagged at deep syntax level.