Core Techniques in Operative Neurosurgery V.1

381 Pages·184.457 MB·English

by  Jandial R., McCormick P.

CORE TECHNIQUES IN
OPERATIVE NEUROSURGERY
CORE
TECHNIQUES
IN OPERATIVE
NEUROSURGERY
Rahul Jandial, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor
Division of Neurosurgery
City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center
Los Angeles, California
Paul C. McCormick, MD, MPH, FACS
Herbert and Linda Gallen Professor of Neurological Surgery
Director, Spine Center
Columbia University Medical Center
New York, New York
Peter M. Black, MD, PhD
Founding Chair, Department of Neurosurgery
Franc D. Ingraham Professor of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School
Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Department of Neurosurgery
Boston, Massachusetts
1600JohnF.KennedyBlvd.
Ste1800
Philadelphia,PA19103-2899
CoreTechniquesinOperativeNeurosurgery ISBN:978-1-4377-0907-0
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Coretechniquesinoperativeneurosurgery/[editedby]RahulJandial,PaulC.McCormick,
PeterMcLarenBlack.
p.;cm.
Operativeneurosurgery
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-1-4377-0907-0(hardcover:alk.paper)
1.Nervoussystem–Surgery. I. Jandial,Rahul. II. McCormick,Paul,1956- III. Black,Peter
McL. IV. Title:Operativeneurosurgery.
[DNLM:1.NeurosurgicalProcedures–methods.2.CentralNervousSystemDiseases–surgery.
3.OrthopedicProcedures–methods.WL368]
RD593.C672011
617.408–dc22 2011009300
AcquisitionsEditor:JulieGoolsby
DevelopmentalEditor:TaylorBall
PublishingServicesManager:AnneAltepeter
SeniorProjectManager:CherylA.Abbott
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PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
Lastdigitistheprintnumber: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To my life’s greatest and most lasting formative influence
To my best teacher, confidant, and mentor
To my father, Satya Pal Jandial
Rahul Jandial
Preface
CoreTechniquesinOperativeNeurosurgerywasconceivedwith authorexperience.Bothforneophytestudentsofneurolog-
clear recognition of the evolving pedagogical landscape. ical surgery and for established neurosurgeons seeking a
The presentation of medical information is undergoing a targeted review of operations that may have become an
renaissance, and the pressing need and unparalleled oppor- infrequent aspect of their practices, this text intends to
tunity to develop digital medical textbooks are upon us. serve both as a reference and a conduit to further learning.
Soontheconceptsof“bookeditions”and“pagelength”will My intention is for Core Techniques to Operative Neuro-
become obsolete, as information is continually updated surgery to function as a bridge between the best of conven-
and infinitely linked from digital sources that coalesce. In tional paper textbooks and the transition toward discrete
this transition, neurological surgery—the most challenging quanta of information that facilitate delivery through the
and complicated of medical endeavors—should be at the digital milieu. Indeed, the last punctuation within methods
forefront. and models of didactic delivery was the printing press,
The structure of this text consists of two main sections: adding accessibility and reproducibility of knowledge pre-
Cranial and Spinal. Specific design elements have been viously impossible. Similarly, the transition of paper
included to allow for quick reference in preoperative con- texts to digital texts will add another indelible exclamation
siderations regarding “Indications,” “Contraindications,” mark in the advancement of didactic methods. My hope is
and“PlanningandPositioning.”Further,thoughtful “Tips that Core Techniques in Operative Neurosurgery will lead that
from the Masters” and “Bailout Options” are included, evolution.
which present condensed and accessible pearls that have
been distilled from more exhaustive texts, as well as senior Rahul Jandial
xxi
Acknowledgments
I would like to thank the Elsevier team that has helped
bring this project to fruition: Adrianne Brigido, Julie
Goolsby, Cheryl Abbott, and most of all, Taylor Ball.
Rahul Jandial
xxiii
Contents
PART ONE (cid:129) CRANIAL Section 2 SKULL BASE
SectionEditor:Andrew T.Parsa
Section 1 GENERAL
15 Frontotemporal Craniotomy with Orbitozygomatic
SectionEditor:AlfredoQui˜nones-Hinojosa, Osteotomy 90
withShaanM.Raza
MichaelE.Sughrue, AndrewT.Parsa
1 Pterional (Frontosphenotemporal) Craniotomy 4 16 Subfrontal and Bifrontal Craniotomies with or
Geoffrey P.Colby,MohamadBydon,RafaelJ.Tamargo without Orbital Osteotomy 97
MichaelE.Sughrue, AndrewT.Parsa
2 Occipital Craniotomy 13
JorgeE.Alvernia,NnennaMbabuike,MarcusL.Ware 17 Far-Lateral Suboccipital Approach 104
MichaelE.Sughrue, AndrewT.Parsa
3 Temporal and Frontotemporal
Craniotomy 17 18 Temporopolar (Half-and-Half) Approach to the
ShaanM.Raza,AlfredoQui˜nones-Hinojosa Basilar Artery and the Retrosellar Space 111
MichaelE.Sughrue, AndrewT.Parsa
4 Subtemporal (Intradural and Extradural)
19 Middle Fossa Craniotomy and Approach to the
Craniotomy 21
Internal Auditory Canal or Petrous Apex 117
ShaanM.Raza,GraemeF.Woodworth,AlfredoQui˜nones-Hinojosa
MichaelE.Sughrue, AndrewT.Parsa
5 Suboccipital Craniotomy 26 20 Retrolabyrinthine Approach 122
ShaanM.Raza,AlfredoQui˜nones-Hinojosa
MichaelE.Sughrue, AndrewT.Parsa
6 Extended Retrosigmoid Craniotomy 31
ShaanM.Raza,AlfredoQui˜nones-Hinojosa Section 3 VASCULAR
SectionEditor:Steven Giannotta,
7 Presigmoid Approaches to Posterior
with AzadehFarin
Fossa: Translabyrinthine and
Transcochlear 36 21 Pterional Craniotomy for Anterior Communicating
AlejandroRivas, HowardW.Francis Artery Aneurysm Clipping 129
ChadW. Washington,Ralph G.Dacey,Jr.,Gregory J.Zipfel
8 Transcallosal Approach 46
22 Pterional Craniotomy for Posterior Communicating
Jason Liauw,GaryGallia,AlessandroOlivi
Artery Aneurysm Clipping 138
9 Transnasal Transsphenoidal Approach to Sellar PaulGigante,ChristopherP.Kellner,E.SanderConnolly,Jr.
and Suprasellar Lesions 53 23 Paraclinoid Carotid Artery Aneurysms 142
KaisornL.Chaichana,AlfredoQui˜nones-Hinojosa
AnilNanda,Vijayakumar Javalkar
10 Supracerebellar Infratentorial Approach 60 24 Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysms: Pterional
ShaanM.Raza,AlfredoQui˜nones-Hinojosa (Frontotemporal) Craniotomy for Clipping 153
11 Occipital Transtentorial Approach 65 MohamedSamyElhammady,RobertoC.Heros
25 Paramedian Craniotomy and Unilateral Anterior
Nader Sanai,MichaelW.McDermott
Interhemispheric Approach for Clipping of Distal
12 TraumaFlap:DecompressiveHemicraniectomy 70 Anterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysm 161
MichaelE.Sughrue,MathewB.Potts,ShirleyI.Stiver,GeoffreyT.Manley MartinLehecka,MikaNiemel¨a,JuhaHernesniemi
13 Parasagittal Approach 75 26 VertebralArteryAneurysms:Far-LateralSuboccipital
PabloF.Recinos,MichaelLim Approach for Clipping 170
GavinP.Dunn,Christopher S.Ogilvy
14 Supraorbital (Keyhole) Craniotomy with
Optional Orbital Osteotomy 82 27 Basilar Artery Aneurysm: Orbitozygomatic
ChetanBettegowda, ShaanM.Raza,GeorgeI.Jallo, Craniotomy for Clipping 176
AlfredoQui˜nones-Hinojosa,Behnam Badie NaderSanai,MichaelT.Lawton
xxv
xxvi n n n CONTENTS
28 Craniotomy for Resection of Intracranial Cortical Section 5 OTHER
Arteriovenous Malformation 183
SectionEditor:MichaelL.Levy,
Christopher S.Eddleman,ChristopherC.Getch,BernardR.Bendok, with LissaC.Baird
H.Hunt Batjer
45 Cranioplasty (Autogenous, Cadaveric,
29 Subcortical Arteriovenous Malformations: Corpus and Alloplastic) 322
Callosum, Lateral Ventricle, Thalamus, and Basal
RyanC.Frank,StevenR.Cohen,HalMeltzer
Ganglia 192
46 Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Approach 328
MarcoLee,GaryK.Steinberg
JustinF.Fraser,Vijay K.Anand, TheodoreH.Schwartz
30 Cranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistula
Disconnection 199 47 Endoscopic Colloid Cyst Removal 339
IvanRadovanovic, M.Christopher Wallace CharlesTeo
31 Cavernous Malformations 208 48 Encephalocele Repair 343
David Gonda,LissaC. Baird,MichaelL.Levy
GiulianoGiliberto,GiuseppeLanzino
49 Craniosynostosis: Frontoorbital Advancement
32 Superficial Temporal Artery—Middle Cerebral
and Cranial Vault Reshaping (Open and
Artery Bypass 218
Endoscopic) 349
Matthew R.Reynolds, GregoryJ. Zipfel
RyanC.Frank,StevenR.Cohen,HalMeltzer
33 Extracranial-Intracranial High-Flow Bypass 227 50 Arachnoid Cyst Fenestration 356
Takanori Fukushima
LissaC.Baird,AndrewP.Thomas,MichaelL.Levy
34 Open Evacuation of Intracerebral Hematoma 239 51 Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy 361
Issam Awad,MahuaDey,Jennifer Jaffe LissaC.Baird,MichaelL.Levy
35 Image-Guided Catheter Evacuation and 52 Insertion of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt 367
Thrombolysis for Intracerebral Hematoma 244 HalMeltzer
Issam Awad,MahuaDey,Jennifer Jaffe
PART TWO (cid:129) SPINAL
Section 4 FUNCTIONAL
Section 6 CERVICAL
SectionEditor:KimBurchiel,
SectionEditor:JonPark,
withSamuelA.Hughes
with MelanieG.Hayden Gephart
36 Anteromedial Temporal Lobe Resection 254 53 Anterior C1-2 Fixation 376
Alexander M.Papanastassiou, KennethP.Vives,DennisD.Spencer
CarminaF.Angeles,JonPark
37 Selective Amygdalohippocampectomy 264 54 Transarticular Screws for C1-2 Fixation 384
AhmedRaslan,SamuelA.Hughes,KimBurchiel VincentY.Wang, DeanChou
38 Seizure Focus Monitor Placement 271 55 C1-2 Posterior Cervical Fusion 391
TsuleeChen, JorgeAlvaroGonzalez-Martinez, WilliamE.Bingaman DanielC.Lu, ValliP.Mummaneni,RameshTeegala,
PraveenV.Mummaneni
39 Awake Craniotomy 279
DanielL.Silbergeld, AdamO.Hebb 56 Occipitocervical Fusion 397
NestorD.Tomycz,David O.Okonkwo
40 Corpus Callosotomy (Anterior and Complete) 284
57 Transoral Odontoidectomy 403
JamesM.Johnston,Jr.,MatthewD.Smyth
MatthewJ. Tormenti,Ricky Madhok,AdamS.Kanter
41 Thalamotomy and Pallidotomy 290
58 Odontoid Screw Fixation 409
JaliyaR.Lokuketagoda, RobertE.Gross
DanielS.Hutton, KeeD.Kim
42 Deep Brain Stimulation 301
59 Anterior Cervical Diskectomy 416
AhmedRaslan,KimBurchiel
BenjaminM.Zussman,PeterG.Campbell,JamesS.Harrop
43 Motor Cortex Stimulator Placement 308
60 Anterior Cervical Corpectomy and Fusion 422
Louis AnthonyWhitworth,Erika AnnePetersen
CarminaF.Angeles,JonPark
44 Occipital and Supraorbital Nerve Stimulator
Placement 315 61 Cervical Laminectomy and Laminoplasty 430
Konstantin V.Slavin,SebastianR.Herrera,PrasadVannemreddy, StephenS.Scibelli,KamalR.M.Woods,ShoshannaVaynman,
Zilvinas Zakarevicius J.PatrickJohnson
CONTENTS n n n xxvii
62 Lateral Mass Fixation 434 81 Lumbar Microdiskectomy 548
MikeYueChen, MatthewJ. Duenas,RahulJandial OmarN.Syed, MichaelG.Kaiser
63 Posterior Cervicothoracic Osteotomy 439 82 MinimallyInvasiveThoracicCorpectomy 553
TimothyLink,Rahul Jandial,VolkerSonntag JohnE.O’Toole
Section 7 THORACIC 83 Thoracoscopic Diskectomy 560
SectionEditor:ChristopherP.Ames, ShahidM.Nimjee, RobertE.Isaacs
withBrian Jian 84 Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Placement 566
64 ThoracicDiskectomy—TransthoracicApproach 444 GirishK.Hiremath,MickPerez-Cruet
VincentY.Wang,DeanChou 85 TranS1 Sacral 576
65 Thoracic Corpectomy—Anterior Approach 449 WilliamD.Tobler
SaadB.Chaudhary,VirgilioMatheus,EdwardC. Benzel 86 Minimally Invasive Direct Lateral Transpsoas
66 Costotransversectomy 456 Interbody Fusion 588
TimothyD.Uschold,RichardA.Lochhead,RandallW.Porter PatrickA.Sugrue,John C.Liu
67 Thoracic Transpedicular Corpectomy 465 Section 10 OTHER
RichardA.Lochhead, TimothyD.Uschold,NicholasTheodore
SectionEditor:GeorgeI.Jallo
68 Smith-Petersen Osteotomy 474
87 Spinal Cord Arteriovenous Malformations 600
RamR.Vasudevan,FrankAcosta
AnandV.Germanwala,GeorgeI.Jallo
69 Thoracic Pedicle Screws 478
88 SurgicalManagementofSpinalDuralArteriovenous
RamR.Vasudevan,FrankAcosta
Fistulas 607
Section 8 LUMBOSACRAL
KaisornL.Chaichana,RafaelJ. Tamargo
SectionEditor:JosephD.Ciacci, 89 Intramedullary Spinal Cord Cavernous
withJayant P.Menon Malformation 613
70 Lumbar Laminectomy 484 ChetanBettegowda,VivekMehta,RyanM.Kretzer,
GeorgeI.Jallo
JayantP.Menon,AllenHo,JosephD.Ciacci
71 Lumbar Microdiskectomy 489 90 Spinal Cord Stimulator 619
JayantP.Menon,AllenHo,JosephD.Ciacci RyanM.Kretzer,JamesE.Conway,Ira M.Garonzik
72 Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion 494 91 Endoscopic Thoracic Sympathectomy 626
JosephL.Martinez,MichaelY.Wang Bong-SooKim,MarkusBookland, JackI.Jallo
73 Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion 500 92 Primary Myelomeningocele Closure 632
Matthew J.Tormenti;Edward A.Monaco,III;Adam S.Kanter MatthiasSchulz,Ulrich W.Thomale
74 TransforaminalLumberInterbodyFusion 505 93 Tethered Cord Release 639
Edward A.Monaco,III;Matthew J.Tormenti;Adam S.Kanter
UlrichW.Thomale,MatthiasSchulz
75 Anterior Lumbar Corpectomy 510
94 Exploration for Injury to an Infant’s Brachial
J. DawnWaters,JosephD.Ciacci Plexus 646
76 Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy 516 RickAbbott
SassanKeshavarzi, DzenanLulic,PawelJankowski, HenryE.Aryan 95 Ulnar Nerve Release 652
77 Lumbar Disk Arthroplasty 522 MichaelJ.Dorsi,AllanJ.Belzberg
JosephL.Martinez,MichaelY.Wang
96 Open Carpal Tunnel Release 656
78 Pelvic Fixation 528 MichaelJ.Dorsi,AllanJ.Belzberg
NeilBadlani, R.Todd Allen
97 Intradural Nerve Sheath Tumors 660
79 Partial Sacrectomy 535
VivekMehta, ChetanBettegowda, RyanM.Kretzer,
MikeYueChen, JulioGarcia-Aguilar AllanJ.Belzberg, GeorgeI.Jallo
Section 9 MINIMALLY INVASIVE SPINE 98 Intradural Tumor—Meningioma 666
SectionEditor:AlfredOgden RyanM.Kretzer,ChetanBettegowda,GeorgeI.Jallo
80 Minimally Invasive C1-2 Fusion 542 99 Intramedullary Glioma 673
SathishSubbaiah, RichardG.Fessler RyanM.Kretzer,ChetanBettegowda,GeorgeI.Jallo