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Chapter
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments xix
About the Author xx
Introduction xxi
Real Code for Real Programmers xxii
How This Book Is Organized xxiii
Conventions xxvii
About the Web Site xxvii
Part 1
Servlets 2.1 and 2.2 2
Chapter 1
Overview of Servlets and JavaServer Pages 4
1.1 Servlets 5
1.2 The Advantages of Servlets Over “Traditional” CGI 7
Efficient 7
Convenient 7
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vi Contents
Powerful 8
Portable 8
Secure 8
Inexpensive 9
1.3 JavaServer Pages 9
1.4 The Advantages of JSP 10
Versus Active Server Pages (ASP) 10
Versus PHP 10
Versus Pure Servlets 11
Versus Server-Side Includes (SSI) 11
Versus JavaScript 11
Versus Static HTML 12
1.5 Installation and Setup 12
Obtain Servlet and JSP Software 12
Bookmark or Install the Servlet and JSP API Documentation 14
Identify the Classes to the Java Compiler 14
Package the Classes 15
Configure the Server 16
Start the Server 17
Compile and Install Your Servlets 18
Chapter 2
First Servlets 20
2.1 Basic Servlet Structure 21
2.2 A Simple Servlet Generating Plain Text 23
Compiling and Installing the Servlet 24
Invoking the Servlet 25
2.3 A Servlet That Generates HTML 26
2.4 Packaging Servlets 27
Creating Servlets in Packages 28
Compiling Servlets in Packages 29
Invoking Servlets in Packages 30
2.5 Simple HTML-Building Utilities 31
2.6 The Servlet Life Cycle 34
The init Method 34
The service Method 36
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Contents vii
The doGet, doPost, and doXxx Methods 37
The SingleThreadModel Interface 38
The destroy Method 38
2.7 An Example Using Initialization Parameters 39
2.8 An Example Using Servlet Initialization and Page Modification Dates 44
2.9 Debugging Servlets 50
2.10 WebClient: Talking to Web Servers Interactively 52
WebClient 52
HttpClient 55
NetworkClient 57
SocketUtil 59
CloseableFrame 60
LabeledTextField 61
Interruptible 63
Chapter 3
Handling the Client Request: Form Data 64
3.1 The Role of Form Data 65
3.2 Reading Form Data from Servlets 66
3.3 Example: Reading Three Explicit Parameters 67
3.4 Example: Reading All Parameters 70
3.5 A Resumé Posting Service 74
3.6 Filtering Strings for HTML-Specific Characters 87
Code for Filtering 88
Example 89
Chapter 4
Handling the Client Request: HTTP Request Headers 92
4.1 Reading Request Headers from Servlets 94
4.2 Printing All Headers 96
4.3 HTTP 1.1 Request Headers 98
4.4 Sending Compressed Web Pages 104
4.5 Restricting Access to Web Pages 107
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viii Contents
Chapter 5
Accessing the Standard CGI Variables 114
5.1 Servlet Equivalent of CGI Variables 116
5.2 A Servlet That Shows the CGI Variables 119
Chapter 6
Generating the Server Response: HTTP Status Codes 122
6.1 Specifying Status Codes 124
6.2 HTTP 1.1 Status Codes and Their Purpose 126
6.3 A Front End to Various Search Engines 135
Chapter 7
Generating the Server Response: HTTP Response Headers 142
7.1 Setting Response Headers from Servlets 143
7.2 HTTP1.1 Response Headers and Their Meaning 145
7.3 Persistent Servlet State and Auto-Reloading Pages 154
7.4 Using Persistent HTTP Connections 163
7.5 Using Servlets to Generate GIF Images 168
Chapter 8
Handling Cookies 178
8.1 Benefits of Cookies 179
Identifying a User During an E-commerce Session 180
Avoiding Username and Password 180
Customizing a Site 180
Focusing Advertising 181
8.2 Some Problems with Cookies 181
8.3 The Servlet Cookie API 183
Creating Cookies 183
Cookie Attributes 183
Placing Cookies in the Response Headers 186
Reading Cookies from the Client 186
8.4 Examples of Setting and Reading Cookies 186
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Contents ix
8.5 Basic Cookie Utilities 190
Finding Cookies with Specified Names 190
Creating Long-Lived Cookies 191
8.6 A Customized Search Engine Interface 191
Chapter 9
Session Tracking 198
9.1 The Need for Session Tracking 199
Cookies 200
URL-Rewriting 200
Hidden Form Fields 201
Session Tracking in Servlets 201
9.2 The Session Tracking API 201
Looking Up the HttpSession Object Associated with the Current
Request 202
Looking Up Information Associated with a Session 202
Associating Information with a Session 205
Terminating Sessions 206
Encoding URLs Sent to the Client 206
9.3 A Servlet Showing Per-Client Access Counts 207
9.4 An On-Line Store Using a Shopping Cart and Session Tracking 209
Building the Front End 210
Handling the Orders 215
Behind the Scenes: Implementing the Shopping Cart and
Catalog Items 220
Part 2
JavaServer Pages 228
Chapter 10
JSP Scripting Elements 230
10.1 Scripting Elements 233
Template Text 234
10.2 JSP Expressions 234
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x Contents
Predefined Variables 234
XML Syntax for Expressions 235
Using Expressions as Attribute Values 235
Example 236
10.3 JSP Scriptlets 238
Using Scriptlets to Make Parts of the JSP File Conditional 241
Special Scriptlet Syntax 242
10.4 JSP Declarations 242
Special Declaration Syntax 244
10.5 Predefined Variables 244
Chapter 11
The JSP page Directive: Structuring Generated Servlets 246
11.1 The import Attribute 248
Directories for Custom Classes 248
Example 249
11.2 The contentType Attribute 251
Generating Plain Text Documents 252
Generating Excel Spreadsheets 254
11.3 The isThreadSafe Attribute 258
11.4 The session Attribute 259
11.5 The buffer Attribute 259
11.6 The autoflush Attribute 260
11.7 The extends Attribute 260
11.8 The info Attribute 260
11.9 The errorPage Attribute 261
11.10 The isErrorPage Attribute 261
11.11 The language Attribute 264
11.12 XML Syntax for Directives 265
Chapter 12
Including Files and Applets in JSP Documents 266
12.1 Including Files at Page Translation Time 268
12.2 Including Files at Request Time 270
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Contents xi
12.3 Including Applets for the Java Plug-In 274
The jsp:plugin Element 275
The jsp:param and jsp:params Elements 277
The jsp:fallback Element 278
Example: Building Shadowed Text 279
Chapter 13
Using JavaBeans with JSP 286
13.1 Basic Bean Use 288
Accessing Bean Properties 290
Setting Bean Properties: Simple Case 290
Installing Bean Classes 291
13.2 Example: StringBean 292
13.3 Setting Bean Properties 294
Associating Individual Properties with Input Parameters 298
Automatic Type Conversions 300
Associating All Properties with Input Parameters 301
13.4 Sharing Beans 302
Conditional Bean Creation 304
Chapter 14
Creating Custom JSP Tag Libraries 308
14.1 The Components That Make Up a Tag Library 310
The Tag Handler Class 310
The Tag Library Descriptor File 311
The JSP File 313
14.2 Defining a Basic Tag 314
The Tag Handler Class 315
The Tag Library Descriptor File 316
The JSP File 318
14.3 Assigning Attributes to Tags 319
The Tag Handler Class 319
The Tag Library Descriptor File 321
The JSP File 322
14.4 Including the Tag Body 323
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xii Contents
The Tag Handler Class 324
The Tag Library Descriptor File 326
The JSP File 328
14.5 Optionally Including the Tag Body 329
The Tag Handler Class 329
The Tag Library Descriptor File 331
The JSP File 332
14.6 Manipulating the Tag Body 334
The Tag Handler Class 334
The Tag Library Descriptor File 335
The JSP File 336
14.7 Including or Manipulating the Tag Body Multiple Times 338
The Tag Handler Class 338
The Tag Library Descriptor File 340
The JSP File 341
14.8 Using Nested Tags 341
The Tag Handler Classes 342
The Tag Library Descriptor File 348
The JSP File 350
Chapter 15
Integrating Servlets and JSP 352
15.1 Forwarding Requests 354
Using Static Resources 354
Supplying Information to the Destination Pages 355
Interpreting Relative URLs in the Destination Page 357
Alternative Means of Getting a RequestDispatcher 358
15.2 Example: An On-Line Travel Agent 358
15.3 Including Static or Dynamic Content 375
15.4 Example: Showing Raw Servlet and JSP Output 377
15.5 Forwarding Requests From JSP Pages 380
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Contents xiii
Part 3
Supporting Technologies 382
Chapter 16
Using HTML Forms 384
16.1 How HTML Forms Transmit Data 385
16.2 The FORM Element 390
16.3 Text Controls 395
Textfields 395
Password Fields 397
Text Areas 398
16.4 Push Buttons 400
Submit Buttons 401
Reset Buttons 404
JavaScript Buttons 405
16.5 Check Boxes and Radio Buttons 405
Check Boxes 406
Radio Buttons 407
16.6 Combo Boxes and List Boxes 409
16.7 File Upload Controls 412
16.8 Server-Side Image Maps 414
IMAGE—Standard Server-Side Image Maps 414
ISMAP—Alternative Server-Side Image Maps 417
16.9 Hidden Fields 419
16.10 Grouping Controls 420
16.11 Controlling Tab Order 422
16.12 A Debugging Web Server 423
EchoServer 423
ThreadedEchoServer 427
NetworkServer 428
Chapter 17
Using Applets As Servlet Front Ends 432
17.1 Sending Data with GET and Displaying the Resultant Page 434
