Cooperation and Integration in 6G Heterogeneous Networks. Resource Allocation and Networking

461 Pages·2023·14.192 MB·English

by  Jun Du, Chunxiao Jiang

Wireless Networks
Jun Du
Chunxiao Jiang
Cooperation and
Integration in 6G
Heterogeneous
Networks
Resource Allocation and Networking
Wireless Networks
SeriesEditor
XueminShermanShen,UniversityofWaterloo,Waterloo,ON,Canada
The purpose of Springer’sWireless Networks book series is to establish the state
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**Indexing:WirelessNetworksisindexedinEBSCOdatabasesandDPLB**
Jun Du (cid:129) Chunxiao Jiang
Cooperation and Integration
in 6G Heterogeneous
Networks
Resource Allocation and Networking
JunDu ChunxiaoJiang
DepartmentofElectronicEngineering InformationScienceandTechnology
TsinghuaUniversity TsinghuaUniversity
Beijing,China Beijing,China
ISSN2366-1186 ISSN2366-1445 (electronic)
WirelessNetworks
ISBN978-981-19-7647-6 ISBN978-981-19-7648-3 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7648-3
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Foreword
To provide ubiquitous and various services, 6G networks tend to be more com-
prehensive and multidimensional by integrating current terrestrial networks with
space-/air-based information networks and marine information networks; then,
heterogeneousnetworkresources,aswellasdifferenttypesofusersanddata,will
bealsointegrated.Drivenbytheexponentiallygrowingdemandsofmultimediadata
trafficandcomputation-heavyapplications,6Gheterogenousnetworksareexpected
to achieve a high quality of service (QoS) with ultra-reliability and low latency.
In response, resource allocation has been considered an important factor that can
improve 6G performance directly by configuring heterogeneous communication,
computing,andcachingresourceseffectivelyandefficiently.
In this book, we deliver a range of technical issues in cooperative resource
allocationandinformationsharingforthe future6G heterogenousnetworks,from
the terrestrial ultra-dense networks and space-based networks to the integrated
satellite-terrestrial networks, as well as introducing the effects of cooperative
behavior among mobile users on increasing capacity, trustworthiness, and pri-
vacy. For the cooperative transmission in heterogeneousnetworks, we commence
with the traffic offloading problems in terrestrial ultra-dense networks, and the
cognitive and cooperative mechanisms in space-based networks. Moreover, for
integratedsatellite-terrestrialnetworks,wepresenta pairofdynamicandadaptive
resource allocation strategies of traffic offloading, cooperative beamforming, and
trafficprediction-basedcooperativetransmission.Later,wediscussthecooperative
computationand caching resource allocation in heterogeneousnetworks, with the
highlight of providing our current studies on the game theory, auction theory,
and deep reinforcementlearning-based approaches. Meanwhile, we introduce the
cooperative resource and information sharing among users, in which capacity-
oriented, trustworthiness-oriented, and privacy-oriented cooperative mechanisms
areinvestigated.Finally,theconclusionisdrawn.
Object of This Book This book is aimed at graduate students, researchers,
and engineers who work/study electronic engineering, wireless communications,
and information science, especially in the area of the next-generation wireless
v
vi Foreword
networks.Thisbookcaneducatesystemsengineerstocarveoutthecriticalrolethat
analytical and experimental engineering play in the research and development of
6Gnetworks.Theprerequisiteknowledgeofthereadersisprobabilityandwireless
communications.
Thisbookadoptsthetotal-point-totalwritingformat.
PartI:Introduction
Part I introduces the heterogeneous architecture of 6G networks, and many
challengesandmathematictoolsforresourceallocationin6G,sothatreadershave
apreliminaryunderstandingofknowledgeinthisfield.
PartII:CooperativeTransmissioninHeterogeneousNetworks
Part II provides an introduction to the cooperative resource allocation mecha-
nismsinheterogeneouscellularnetworksandheterogeneousspace-basednetworks
toenhancethetransmissioncapability.
PartIII:CooperativeTransmissioninIntegratedSatellite-TerrestrialNetworks
Part III includes a description of cooperative transmission mechanism design
in integrated satellite-terrestrial networks from aspects of transmission capability
enhancement,securetransmissionwithinterferencecontrol,andadaptivitytotraffic
properties.
PartIV:CooperativeComputationandCachinginHeterogeneousNetworks
PartIVcontainsadescriptionofQoS-awarecomputationalresourceallocation,
QoS-awarecachingresourceallocation,priority-awarecomputationalresourceallo-
cation, and energy-aware computational resource allocation in 6G heterogeneous
networks.
PartV:CooperativeResourceandInformationSharingAmongUsers
Part V provides study cases to show how to solve the key challenges in
resourceandinformationsharingamongusersfordatatransaction,trustworthiness
evaluation,andprivacyprotectioninmobilenetworks.
PartVI:Conclusion
PartVIprovidesabriefsummaryofthebook.
Acknowledgment Dr. Jun Du and Dr. Chunxiao Jiang would like to thank those
who helped to get this book published. Moreover, we would like to acknowledge
the supports of the National Natural Science Foundationof China and the Young
EliteScientistSponsorshipProgrambyCAST.
Beijing,China JunDu
November2022 ChunxiaoJiang
Contents
PartI Introduction
1 Introductionof6GHeterogeneousNetworks ........................... 3
1.1 HeterogeneousArchitectureof6GNetworks....................... 3
1.2 ChallengesofHeterogeneousResourceAllocation ................ 5
1.2.1 HeterogeneousResource Modeling and
PerformanceEvaluation.................................... 5
1.2.2 TaskAdaptationandResourceEfficiency................. 6
1.2.3 InterferenceControlandSecureCommunications........ 6
1.3 MathematicToolsforResourceAllocation......................... 7
1.3.1 InformationEconomicsTheory............................ 7
1.3.2 MachineLearningandArtificialIntelligence............. 8
References.................................................................... 9
PartII CooperativeTransmissioninHeterogeneousNetworks
2 IntroductionofCooperativeTransmissioninHeterogeneous
Networks..................................................................... 15
3 TrafficOffloadinginHeterogeneousNetworks ......................... 17
3.1 Introduction........................................................... 17
3.2 ArchitectureofSDWN............................................... 19
3.3 ContractFormulationforTrafficOffloading........................ 20
3.3.1 TransmissionModelFormulation.......................... 21
3.3.2 EconomicModelsFormulation............................ 22
3.4 ContractDesignforTrafficOffloading.............................. 24
3.4.1 ContractDesignwithInformationAsymmetry ........... 25
3.4.2 ContractDesignWithoutInformationAsymmetry ....... 27
3.4.3 ContractDesignbyLinearPricing......................... 28
3.5 ConditionsforContractFeasibility.................................. 29
vii
viii Contents
3.6 SimulationResults ................................................... 35
3.7 Conclusion............................................................ 42
References.................................................................... 42
4 Cooperative Resource Allocation in Heterogeneous
Space-BasedNetworks..................................................... 45
4.1 Introduction........................................................... 45
4.2 RelatedWorks........................................................ 47
4.3 SystemModel ........................................................ 48
4.3.1 ON/OFFModel............................................. 51
4.3.2 PhysicalChannelModel ................................... 53
4.4 CooperativeResourceAllocationProtocol ......................... 55
4.4.1 GEORelay.................................................. 56
4.4.2 LEORelay.................................................. 57
4.5 StabilityAnalysis..................................................... 58
4.5.1 GEORelay.................................................. 58
4.5.2 LEORelay.................................................. 64
4.5.3 MultipleUsersCase........................................ 71
4.6 SimulationResults ................................................... 72
4.7 Conclusion............................................................ 77
4.8 ProofofLemma4.1.................................................. 78
4.9 ProofofLemma4.2.................................................. 81
References.................................................................... 83
PartIII Cooperative Transmission in Integrated
Satellite-TerrestrialNetworks
5 IntroductionofCooperativeTransmissioninIntegrated
Satellite-TerrestrialNetworks............................................. 89
6 TrafficOffloadinginSatellite-TerrestrialNetworks.................... 91
6.1 Introduction........................................................... 91
6.2 RelatedWorks........................................................ 93
6.3 ArchitectureofSDN ................................................. 95
6.3.1 ServicePlane................................................ 95
6.3.2 ControlPlane ............................................... 96
6.3.3 ManagementPlane ......................................... 96
6.4 SystemModelofTrafficOffloadinginH-STN..................... 97
6.4.1 Fully-LoadedTransmission................................ 98
6.4.2 Satellite’sTransmissionRateThroughEachChannel.... 98
6.4.3 BSs’CooperativeandCompetitiveModes................ 99
6.5 Second-Price Auction Based Traffic Offloading
MechanismDesign................................................... 100
6.5.1 Second-PriceAuction ...................................... 100
6.5.2 AuctionOperation.......................................... 100
6.5.3 OutcomesofAuction-BasedTrafficOffloading .......... 101
Contents ix
6.6 Satellite’sEquilibriumBiddingStrategies.......................... 103
6.6.1 BiddingStrategyforRthr ∈((cid:2)μmin,μ(cid:2)max] .....(cid:3).......(cid:3)..... 104
6.6.2 BiddingStrategyforR ∈ μ , 1+ 1−β μ ... 105
thr (cid:4)(cid:2)max (cid:3) N max(cid:3)
6.6.3 BiddingStrategyforR ∈ 1+ 1−β μ ,+∞ .... 106
thr N max
6.6.4 BiddingStrategyforR ∈[0,μ ]...................... 107
thr min
6.7 ExpectedUtilityAnalysisforMNO................................. 108
6.7.1 UtilityAnalysisforRthr ∈((cid:2)μmin,μ(cid:2)max] .....(cid:3).......(cid:3)...... 108
6.7.2 UtilityAnalysisforR ∈ μ , 1+ 1−β μ .... 110
thr (cid:4)(cid:2)max (cid:3) N max(cid:3)
6.7.3 UtilityAnalysisforR ∈ 1+ 1−β μ ,+∞ ..... 111
thr N max
6.7.4 UtilityAnalysisforR ∈[0,μ ]....................... 111
thr min
6.8 SimulationResults ................................................... 111
6.8.1 BeamGroup’sStrategyoftheSatellite.................... 112
6.8.2 ExpectedUtilityoftheMNO .............................. 112
6.9 Conclusion............................................................ 118
6.10 ProofofLemma6.1.................................................. 118
6.11 ProofofTheorem6.1 ................................................ 119
6.11.1 μ ∈[R ,μ ]........................................... 119
n thr max
6.11.2 μ ∈(μ˜ (R ),R )...................................... 121
n a thr thr
6.11.3 μn =(cid:5)μ˜a(Rthr).............................................. 123
6.11.4 μ ∈ μ ,μ˜ (R )) ..................................... 123
n min a thr
6.12 ProofofTheorem6.3 ................................................ 124
References.................................................................... 125
7 CooperativeBeamformingforSecureSatellite-Terrestrial
Transmission................................................................ 129
7.1 Introduction........................................................... 129
7.2 RelatedWorks........................................................ 131
7.2.1 SatelliteTerrestrialNetworks.............................. 131
7.2.2 PhysicalLayerSecurity .................................... 132
7.3 SystemModel ........................................................ 133
7.3.1 ChannelModel.............................................. 135
7.3.2 ReceivedSignalModel..................................... 137
7.3.3 Signal-to-InterferencePlusNoiseRatio................... 138
7.3.4 AchievableSecrecyRate................................... 139
7.4 SecureTransmissionBeamformingSchemesforSatellite
TerrestrialNetworks.................................................. 139
7.4.1 Non-CooperativeBeamformingforSecure
Transmission................................................ 140
7.4.2 CooperativeSecureBeamformingforSecure
Transmission................................................ 140
7.5 SolutionsoftheOptimizationProblems ............................ 141
7.5.1 FeasibleSolutionoftheOptimizationProblems.......... 142
7.5.2 Path-PursuitIterationBasedApproach.................... 142