Table Of ContentConversion Concepts for Commercial Applications
and Disposal Technologies of Energetic Systems
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Series 1: Disarmament Technologies- Vol. 14
Conversion Concepts for
Commercial Applications and
Disposal Technologies of
Energetic Systems
edited by
Horst Krause
Fraunhofer lnstitut Chemische Technologie,
Pfinztal (Berghausen), Germany
Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V.
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on
Conversion Concepts for Commercial Applications and
Disposal Technologies of Energetic Systems
Moscow, Russia
17-19 May 1994
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-90-481-4880-6 ISBN 978-94-017-1175-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-1175-3
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1997
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo-
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Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
Energetic Condensed Systems. Directions of Conversion and Ways of Use
for Determination of Actual Economic, Scientific, and Technical Problems
A.A. Rodionov, I.N. Bocharov, B.P. Zhukov, A.V. Dranishnickov and
O.N. Ivanov ................................................. .
Disposal of Ammunition in the Federal Republic of Germany: an Overview
G. Rotter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Demilitarization Research and Development Technology for Conventional Munitions
L. Sotsky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Utilization Methods for Explosives Withdrawn from Military Stocks: Designing,
Carrying Out and Practical Implementation
E. Milewski, M. Miszczak, J. Szymanowski . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Demilitarization Technology and Examples of Conversion
B. Brouqueyre, J.M. Tauzia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Demilitarisation and Disposal - United Kingdom Studies and Applications
A.S. Cumming ............................................... 41
Munitions Disposal as a Total Concept
N.H.A. van Ham .............................................. 47
New Type of Artificial Diamonds and Physical - Chemical Fundamentals of
Their Creation
G.V. Sakovich, E.A. Petrov, V.F. Komarov and N.V. Kozyrev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Comprehensive Utilization of Conventional Ammunition and Released Explosives
B.V. Matseyevich and Yu.M. Leshchinsky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis: History of One Initiated Conversion
A.G. Merzhanov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Electric Prospecting for Oil and Gas Fields Using Powerful MHD Generators
J.A. Besruk, B.P. Zhukov, E.P. Velikhov and Y.P. Babakov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
VI
Advanced Disposal and Recycling Technologies of Energetic Materials
H.H. Krause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Development of Solid Propellants for Effective Fire-Extinguishing Systems
A.P. Denisjuk, B.P. Zhukov, V.G. Alferov, Yu.G. Shepelev, B.M. Baloyan,
D.L. Rusin and S.A. Sedov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Reformulation/Reuse of Explosives, Propellants and Pyrothechnics for
Commercial Applications
D. Burch .................................................... 113
Pyrotechnic Aerosol Generating Compositions and Fire Suppressing Systems
N.A. Silin and V.N. Emel'janov ................................... 121
Usage of Explosion Technology for Recovery of Armoured Ordnance
B.A. Abramov, B.P. Zhukov, V.G. Volohov, E.l. Sherniakin, I.B. Kremnev,
I.M. Balojan, V.P. Pahomov, I.A. Potapov and D.F. Marov ................ 131
Problems of Trotytl (TNT) Processing into Condensation Monomers, Polymers
and Dyes
V.A. Tartakiovsky, S.A. Shevelev, M.D. Dutov, A.Kh. Shakhnes, A.L. Rusanov,
L.G. Komarova and A.M. Andrievsky ............................... 137
Re-Use of 155 MM HE Auxiliary Projectiles for Practice Rounds and Industrial
Explosives
P. de Wit ................................................... 151
Usage of Explosive Technologies for National Economy
Yu.I. Krasnoshchyokov .......................................... 163
Industrial Explosives Based on Double-Base Propellants
B.M. Balojan, V.V. Galkin, D.F. Marov, N.I. Konev and V.V. Palko ......... 169
Development and Manufacturing of Charges, Including Charges on Base of
Explosives Extracted During Unloading of Ammunition, for Crushing Mill Heavy
Scrap and Overtyres
S.P. Smirnov, J.S. Kulakevich, E.V. Kolganov, V.I. Abdrahmanov,
A.G. Gorohovtsev, Y.P. Jakovlev ................................... 183
Chemical and Biological Processes for Decomposition of Nitrocellulose-Based
Propellants
A. Dahn .................................................... 191
Vll
Use of Powders in National Economy
E.F. Okhrimenko, N.G. Ibragimov, E.Kh. Afiatullov, L.S. Lukin Yu.M. Yukov and
J.P. lvanova ................................................. 213
Ballistite Powder as a Material Source for Polymer Varnishes, Adhesives, and
Composites
V.V. Shilov .................................................. 221
Possibilities and Experience of the Ammunition Effective Utilization on the
Industrial Objects
U.G. Schukin, V.V. Galkin and U.P. Nagebin .......................... 223
Abrasive Water Jet Cutting of Munitions and Explosive Incineration in a Fluidised
Bed
J. Campos, R. Fernandes, F. Matos and A. Pires ........................ 227
Processing of Energetic Materials with Supercritical Co2
P. Gerber, G. Bunte, M. Niehaus, U. Teipel and H. Krause ................. 247
Disposal of Energetic Materials by Alkaline Pressure Hydrolysis and Combined
Techniques
G. Bunte and H. Krause ......................................... 259
Index ...................................................... 271
Introduction
This book contains the lectures an contributed papers presented at the NATO Advanced
Research Workshop on 'Conversion Concepts for Commercial Application and Disposal
Technologies of Energetic Systems'.
The meeting convened at Moscow, Russia, on 17th to 19th May 1994.
The workshop organized in collaboration with codirector Prof. B. Zhukov (Russian
Acadamy of Sciences) was held
- to exchange information on the status quo efforts in the field of demilitarization of
conventional surplus ammunition,
- to discuss the different approaches from Eastern and Western countries on the
conversion of energetic condensed systems,
- to introduce new disposal techniques and reutilization routes which will solve specific
conversion problems,
to identify common research areas, where defined research tasks in cooperative
partnerships can be initiated.
About 60 participants (30 % Russian) from 12 different countries took part (Czech
Republic, France, Germany, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Russian Federation, Spain,
Ukraine, United Kingdom, USA, and Usbekistan). The high international level
demonstrates the relevance and importance of the workshop items. 28 oral presentations and
about 30 posters gave an impressive overview of the conversion activities in the different
countries. The conversion problems were discussed under the different stand points of
scientists, industry and administration.
ix
X
Additionally representatives of different Russian institutions observed the workshop (e. g.
Department of Science and Technical Politics, State Committee of the Defence Industry,
Defence Department, Trade-Industrial Committee and Municipality).
The opening remarks were given by Prof. B. Zhukov, Prof. H. Schubert (member of the
NATO Disarmament Technologies Advisory Panel) and Prof. P. Sarkisov (Rector of the
Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology), followed by the introducing lecture of A.
Rodionov (Deputy Minister of the Defence Industry).
The content of the given scientific papers can be grouped in three different conversion
strategies:
environmental friendly disposal techniques for energetic materials
- reuse and reutilization of energetic condensed systems from surplus ammunition
- civilian use of military laboratories and industrial facilities to develope new energetic
systems for special commercial applications.
1. Disposal Techniques for Energetic Materials
In 1993 the use of sea dumping for disposal of industrial waste (including energetic
materials) was banned under the Oslo Convention. Also the widely used practice of open
detonation and open burning of explosives and propellants will be in the Western countries
no longer accepted. The various Enviromental Protection Acts urge the governments to
establish disposal facilities to destroy the surplus ammunition in an environmental friendly
way.
Different incineration concepts are mainly proposed for such facilities. Installations based
on fluidized bed incinerators as well as on rotary kilns are planned, are in construction or
are already in use. Generally an after-burner and an expensive exhaust purification are
necessary to reduce the air pollutant emission under the legal limits.
