Table Of ContentConvective Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media
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SerIes E: Applied Sciences -Vol. 196
Convective Heat
and Mass Transfer
in Porous Media
edited by
Sadik
Kaka~
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University of Miami,
Coral Gables, Aorida, U.S.A.
Biral
Kilkiş
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Middle East Technical University,
Ankara, Turkey
Frank A. Kulacki
Colorado State University,
College of Engineering,
Ft. Collins, Colorado, U.S.A.
and
Faruk
Arin~
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Middle East Technical University,
Ankara, Turkey
Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V.
Proceedings of Ihe NATO Advancod Study Institute O"
Convective Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media
Qeşme.lzmir. Turkey
6-17 August 1990
ISBN 978-94-010-5419-5 ISBN 978-94-011-3220-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-3220-6
Printed on ackJ.free psper
AlI Rlghts Rese!Ved
<O 1991 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrechl
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1991
Softcover raprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1991
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced ar
utilized in any fa"" or by any means. electronic Dr mechanical. including photo
c:opying. recording Of by any information storage and retrieval system, without writ1en
permission from the copyright owner.
CONTENTS
Preface ix
Opening Lecture :
Transport Processes in a Rapidly Changing World
A.E. Dergles
PART I -FUNDAMENTALS
Modelling of Transport Phenomena in Porous Media
LD~ 7
Fundamentals of Mechanics of Saturated Porous Media: Basic Equations and Waves
R.I. Nigmatulin and A.A. Gubaidullin 71
The Stability of Convective Flows in Porous Media
D.A. Nield 79
Free Convection Heat and Mass Transfer in a Porous Medium
H.S. Takhar and V.M. Soundalgekar 123
Natural Convection in a Vertical Porous Annulus
G. Lauriat and V. Prasad 143
Non-Darcy Natural Convection in Saturated Porous Media
V. Prasad and N. Kladias 173
Mixed Convection in Saturated Porous Media
F.C. Lai, F.A. Kulacki and V. Prasad 225
Forced Convective Flow and Heat Transfer Through a Porous Medium Exposed to a Flat
Plate or a Olannel
G. Lauriat and K. Vafai 289
Forced Convection Heat Transfer in a Porous Medium
H.S. Takhar and V.M. Soundalgekar 329
Radiation Transport in Porous or Fibrous Media
Y. Kurosaki and J. Yamada
347
Fundamentals of Drying of Capillary -Porous Bodies
S.A. Dories 391
Heat Transfer During Unsaturated Flow in Porous Media
O.A. Plumb 435
PART I -FUNDAMENTALS (continued)
Buoyancy-Induced Flow and Heat Transfer in Saturated Fissured Media
F.A. Kulacki and G. Rajen 465
Effect of Randomness on Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media
J.G. Georgiadis 499
Analytical Solutions to Transient Convective Mass Transfer Within Porous Media
R.M. Cotta, C. Baohua and P.F.L.H. Filho 525
PART II -SPECIAL TOPICS
Natural Convection in Porous Media with Variable Porosity and Thermal Dispersion
Effects
P. Cheng, S.W. Hsiao and C.K. Chen 543
Convective Flow Interaction and Heat Transfer Between Fluid and Porous Layers
V. Prasad 563
Temperature Distribution in a Porous Slab with Random Therrnophysical Characteristic
L. Carlomusto, A. Pian ese, L.M. de Socio, P. Kotsiopoulos
and T. Calderon 617
Forced Convection in Packed Tubes and Channels with Variable Porosity and Thermal
Dispersion Effects
P. Cheng, A. Chowdhury and C.T. Hsu 625
Transient Double Diffusive Convection in a Horizontal Fluid Layer Situated on top of a
Porous Substrate
M. Kazmierczak and D. Poulikakos 655
Drying of Wood Residues in a Fixed Bed
R. Sheikholeslami and A.P. Watkinson 673
Heat and Mass Transfer in Adsorbent Beds
S. Ulkii 695
Solidification of a Binary Mixture Samrating a Bed of Glass Spheres
W.Z. Cao and D. Poulikakos 725
Melting in the Presence of Natural Convection in a Saturated Porous Medium
A. Bejan 739
Air-Water Two-Phase Flow Pressure Drop in Large Scale Porous Media
Lj.B. Vujisic, I. Catton and N.H. Afgan 773
Boiling and Dryout in Unconsolidated Porous Media
A.K. Stubos and J.M. Ruchlin 791
Heat Transfer from a Surface Covered with Hair
A. Bejan and J.L. Lage 823
PART ill -EXPERIMENTAL METHODS
Measurements of Thermal Conductivity in Porous Media
E. Hahne, Y.W. Song and U. Gross
849
Determination of Velocity Vectors in Porous Media with Fluorescent Particle Image
Velocimetry (FPIV)
M.A. Northrup, T.J. Kulp, S.M. Angel and G.F. Pinder 867
Non Invasive Measurement Techniques in Porous Media
S.A. Bories, M.C. Charrier-Mojtabi, D. Houi and P.G. Raynaud 883
Flash Method of Measuring Thermal Diffusivity and Conductivity
1. Tavman 923
PART IV -APPLICATIONS
Mechanics, Heat and Mass Transfer in Saturated Porous Media. Application to Petroleum
Technology
R.I. Nigmatulin, K.M. Federov, Z.N. Hai and A.A. Kislitcin 939
Drying Complex Porous Materials -Modelling and Experiments
O.A. Plumb 963
Some Geophysical Problems Involving Convection in Porous Media
D.A. Nield 985
Porous Surface Boiling and Its Application to Cooling Microelectronic Chips
W. Nakayama 1007
Heat and Mass Transfer in Spouted Beds
B. Kdkl§ and S. Kaka~ 1031
Liquid Seeping into Porous Ground
M.N. Aybers 1061
PART V -FUTURE RESEARCH NEEDS
Future Research Needs in Convective Heat and Mass Transport in Porous Media
J.G. Georgiadis 1073
Index 1089
PREFACE
The rapid growth of literature on convective heat and mass transfer through porous media
has brought both engineering and fundamental knowledge to a new state of completeness
and depth. Additionally, several new questions of fundamental merit have arisen in several
areas which bear direct relation to further advancement of basic knowledge and
applications in this field. For example, the growth of fundamental heat transfer data and
correlations for engineering use for saturated media has now reached the point where the
relations for heat transfer coefficients and flow parameters are known well enough for
design purposes. Multiple flow field regimes in natural convection have been identified in
several important enclosure geometries. New questions have arisen on the nature of
equations being used in theoretical studies, i.e., the Validity of Darcy assumption is being
brought into question; Wall effects in high and low velocity flow fields have been found to
play a role in predicting transport coefficients; The formulation of transport problems in
fractured media are being investigated as both an extension of those in a homogeneous
medium and for application in engineering systems in geologic media and problems on
saturated media are being addressed to determine their proper formulation and solution.
The long standing problem of how to adequately formulate and solve problems of
multi-phase heat and mass transfer in heterogeneous media is important in the technologies
of chemical reactor engineering and enhanced oil recovery.
This NATO ASI provides in-depth information to heat transfer and fluid mechanics
researchers regarding up-to-date results and areas of future research in the field of heat and
mass transfer in porous media. The subject is treated in considerable depth by lecturers
eminent in their field. The other participants, included scientists, engineers, and senior
graduate students who themselves are involved in similar research and who wish to learn
more about current developments, as well as scientists from other areas who are planning
to begin research on porous media. The lectures are supplemented by informal discussions
designed to encourage the free and critical exchange of ideas. A limited number of
contributions from the participants are also included to the ten-working-day programme.
The material in the volume is arranged in five parts which cover the fundamentals, special
topics, experimental methods, applications and the future research needs in convective
heat and mass transport in porous media. We hope that this volume will achieve the major
objective of the Institute - to provide an international forum for the dissamination of
information on the fundamentals and applications of convective heat and mass transport in
porous media -by serving as a reference for engineers and for specialized courses on the
subject.
The sponsorship of the NATO Scientific Affairs Division ,Turkish Technical and Scientific
Council, and Middle East Technical University are greatfully acknowledged. Our gratitude
goes to Drs. Weigong Li and H. Yiincii for his valuable efforts in making the Institute a
success and to Mrs. A. Schaerli and Mrs. G. Beyaz for their efficient secreterial work.
The editors wish to extend a word of appreciation to the Turkish industrial fIrmS Selnikel,
MNG, Gama, for their financial support.
A word of appreciation is also due to the members of the Organizing Committee,
Session Chairmen for their efforts in programming, organizing and expediting the
technical sessions.
ix
Much of the planning of this NATO ASI was carried out at the University of Miami, Coral
Gables and the Middle East Technical University.
The editing of this volume was finalized during Dr. K~'s stay at the Lehrstuhl A flir
Thennodynamik, Techniche Universitiit Munchen, FRG, as the recipient of the U.S.
Senior Scientist Award from the Alexander von Humboldt Stifrung. Dr. Kaka~ is thankful
to Prof. F. Mayinger for providing the facilities of his Chair.
Finally, our heartfelt thanks to all invited lecturers and authors who provided the
substance of the Institute, and the participants for their attendance, questions, and
comments.
S. Kaka~
B. Killa§
F. A. Kulacki
F.Ann~
Arthur E. Bergles
Rensselaer Polyt.ec::mU.c Institute
Troy, New York 12180-3590
I am very pleased to be with yoo for the ~ of this i:aport:ant
ASI. '!his is the 5th t.ime I have been privileged to participate in
an ASI in TUrkey, ani each one has provided faxI JllellDries of good
times, renewed acquaintances, and new friemships.
'!he NMO Internatiooal. scientific Exdlar¥Je Pl::og:tanues for 1990
include 71 Advarx:led stuiy Institutes and 59 Advarx:led Research
WO'rkshq:lS. '!he Pl::og:tames seem. to qat strorger every year, as
evideooed by the aqeOOa for this Institute.
My remarks will be light fran the starxlpoint of technical
detail. I ~'t even menticm Darcy's equation. However, I will
discuss sane broader aspects of transport processes that, for the
most part, defy mathematical mdel.lin;J. yet they have profound
inplicaticms for us all.
As we awroadl the 21st century, there is a tedmological cptim:ism
stirred by the
o Olallerqe to develop large scale use of energy
resource alternatives (bianass, solar thermal, wirrl,
new tedmology nuclear plants, fusicm reactors)
o Olallerqe of autaoobiles with even greater fuel
efficierx:y ani integraticm with electronic highways
o Possibility of substantial awlication of magnetically
levitated rail transport
o Aerospace plane
o Space station
o Olallerqe of interplanetary exploraticm
o Developoent of micranechani.cal devices
o IDplementation of intelliqent machines and expert systems
o Widespread use of the latest oamamicaticm tedmologies.
'Dlere is also enthusiasm aboot the develq:ment of a qlobal ec:x:x1CDY
and the qlobalizaticm of en;Jineerin;J. Naisbett ani A1:mdene in
Megat.rerps 2000 predict a boan.in:j qlobal econany in the 1990's,
integrated to the point where the 160 c:x::All'1tries of the world
functicm as a sirqle econany, one marketplace.
s.
Kakaf et al. (etis.), Convective Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media, 1-4.
e 1991 KlllM'er Academic Publishers.
