Control and Automation of Electrical Power Distribution Systems

490 Pages·2006·12.78 MB·English

by  James Northcote-Green

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Half Title Page
CONTROL and
AUTOMATION of
ELECTRICAL POWER
DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEMS
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POWER ENGINEERING
Series Editor
H. Lee Willis
KEMAT&D Consulting
Raleigh, North Carolina
Advisory Editor
Muhammad H. Rashid
University of West Florida
Pensacola, Florida
1. Power Distribution Planning Reference Book,
H. Lee Willis
2. Transmission Network Protection: Theory and Practice,
Y. G. Paithankar
3. Electrical Insulation in Power Systems, N. H. Malik,
A. A. Al-Arainy, and M. I. Qureshi
4. Electrical Power Equipment Maintenance and Testing,
Paul Gill
5. Protective Relaying: Principles and Applications,
Second Edition, J. Lewis Blackburn
6. Understanding Electric Utilities and De-Regulation,
Lorrin Philipson and H. Lee Willis
7. Electrical Power Cable Engineering, William A. Thue
8. Electric Systems, Dynamics, and Stability with Artificial
Intelligence Applications, James A. Momoh
and Mohamed E. El-Hawary
9. Insulation Coordination for Power Systems,
Andrew R. Hileman
10. Distributed Power Generation: Planning and Evaluation,
H. Lee Willisand Walter G. Scott
11. Electric Power System Applications of Optimization,
James A. Momoh
12. Aging Power Delivery Infrastructures, H. Lee Willis,
Gregory V. Welch, and Randall R. Schrieber
13. Restructured Electrical Power Systems: Operation,
Trading, and Volatility, Mohammad Shahidehpour
and Muwaffaq Alomoush
14. Electric Power Distribution Reliability, Richard E. Brown
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15. Computer-Aided Power System Analysis,
Ramasamy Natarajan
16. Power System Analysis: Short-Circuit Load Flow
and Harmonics, J. C. Das
17. Power Transformers: Principles and Applications,
John J. Winders, Jr.
18. Spatial Electric Load Forecasting: Second Edition,
Revised and Expanded,H. Lee Willis
19. Dielectrics in Electric Fields, Gorur G. Raju
20. Protection Devices and Systems for High-Voltage
Applications,Vladimir Gurevich
21. Electrical Power Cable Engineering, Second Edition,
William Thue
22. Vehicular Electric Power Systems: Land, Sea, Air,
and Space Vehicles, Ali Emadi, Mehrdad Ehsani,
and John Miller
23. Power Distribution Planning Reference Book,
Second Edition, H. Lee Willis
24. Power System State Estimation: Theory and
Implementation,Ali Abur
25. Transformer Engineering: Design and Practice,
S.V. Kulkarni and S. A. Khaparde
26. Power System Capacitors, Ramasamy Natarajan
27. Understanding Electric Utilities and De-regulation:
Second Edition, Lorrin Philipson and H. Lee Willis
28. Control and Automation of Electric Power Distribution
Systems, James Northcote-Green and Robert G. Wilson
29. Protective Relaying for Power Generation Systems,
Donald Reimert
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CONTROL and
AUTOMATION of
ELECTRICAL POWER
DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEMS
James Northcote-Green
ABB Power Technologies AB
Vasteras, Sweden
Robert Wilson
Abasis Consulting Limited
Whitchurch, Shropshire, UK
Boca Raton London New York
CRC is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group,
an informa business
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© 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Printed in the United States of America on acid‑free paper
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
International Standard Book Number‑10: 0‑8247‑2631‑6 (Hardcover)
International Standard Book Number‑13: 978‑0‑8247‑2631‑7 (Hardcover)
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material
is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable
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Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data
Northcote‑Green, James.
Control and automation of electric power distribution systems / James
Northcote‑Green and Robert Wilson.
p. cm. ‑‑ (Power engineering ; 28)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN‑13: 978‑0‑8247‑2631‑7 (alk. paper)
ISBN‑10: 0‑8247‑2631‑6 (alk. paper)
1. Electric power distribution‑‑Automation. 2. Electric power systems‑‑Control.
3. Electric power systems‑‑Automation. I. Wilson, Robert, 1951 Sept. 29‑ II. Title. III.
Series.
TK3091.N65 2006
621.319‑‑dc22 2006001531
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
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This book is dedicated to our wives for their loving
support during its writing.
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Series Introduction
Power engineering is the oldest and most traditional of the various areas within
electrical engineering, yet no other facet of our modern industry is undergoing a
more dramatic transformation in both technology and structure. This addition to
Taylor & Francis’s Power Engineering Series addresses a cornerstone of that
modern revolution: the use of advanced monitoring, computation, and control to
improve the reliability and the economy of power delivery to energy consumers.
As the editor of the Power Engineering Series, I am proud to include Control
and Automation of Electric Power Distribution Systems among this important
group of books, particularly because James Northcote-Green and Robert Wilson
have been close friends for many years; co-workers in whose expertise and
extensive knowledge of power distribution and automation technology I have
come to respect greatly.
Traditionally, electric utilities operated power distribution systems on a type
of “dead reckoning” basis, with little or no on-line monitoring or remote auto-
mation involved. Utility planners “bought” reliability for their customers by using
large capacity margins and redundancy of circuits and equipment throughout the
network. These long-established power distribution system designs were robust
and reasonably reliable, but the utilities, and their customers paid a considerable
price for the contingency margins needed to make them so. Modern automation
technologies can reduce contingency margins, improve utilization and economy
of operation, and even provide improved scheduling and effectiveness of main-
tenance and service. However, they must be applied well, with the technologies
selected to be compatible with the system’s needs, and targeted effectively for
maximum impact, and integrated properly into the utilities operations and busi-
ness enterprise, if the results are to live up to the promise.
This book provides the reader with a solid foundation to do exactly that. James
Northcote-Green and Robert Wilson have put together well-organized, compre-
hensive, yet accessible discussion of distribution automation for the 21st-century
electric utility. At both the introductory and advanced levels, it provides above-
average insight into the capabilities and limitations of control and automation
systems, and it helps the reader develop a rich understanding of how and why
automation should be used, and of what is realistic in its performance. In particular,
readers will find the extensive practical business cases reviewed by the authors
useful in helping them evaluate their own needs and justification studies.
Like all the books planned for the Power Engineering Series, this book
provides modern power technology in a context of proven, practical application;
useful as a reference book as well as for self-study and advanced classroom use.
Taylor & Francis’s Power Engineering Series will eventually include books cov-