CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MOSS FLORA OF THE AMAZONIAN LOWLANDS OF MADRE DE DIOS, PERU

2004·3 MB·English

by  Piers Majestyk

CONTRIBUTIONSTOTHEMOSSFLORAOFTHE
AMAZONIANLOWLANDSOFMADREDEDIOS,PERU
PiersMajestyk John RJanovec
InstituteofSystematicBotany BotanicalResearchInstituteofTexas(BRIT)
TlieNewYorl<BotanicalGarden(NY) 509PecanSt.
200thSt.andKazimiroffBlvd TortWorth,Texas76102-4060,U.S.A.
Bronx,NewYork10458,U.S.A. [email protected]
[email protected] (correspondingauthor)
ABSTRACT
ArecentcollectionofmossesfromtheDepartmentofMadredeDiosmthelowlandsofsoutheastern
Perucontains58differentspecies.Fifty-fourtaxaarenewtothedistrictandfourspeciesarereported
newtoPeru.PreviouscoUectionsfromthedistrictarehstedwhichbringsthetotalspeciesl<nown
fromtheareato74.ThisisthefirstmajorstudyofmossesfromMadredeDios,Peru,anditprovides
afoundationforcontinuedworkandproductionofafieldguidelortheregion.
RESUMEN
UnacoleccionrecientedemusgosdelDepartamentodeMadredeDiosenlazonabajadelSurestede
Perucontiene58especiesdilerentes.Cincuentaycuatrotaxasonnuevosparaeldistritoysecitan
cuatroespeciesnuevasparaPeril.Selistanlascoleccionespreviasdeldistritoqueelevaneltotalde
especiesconocidasdelareaa74.EsteeselprimerestudioampliodemusgosdeMadredeDios,Peril,y
aportauninicioparalacontinuaciondeltrabajoylaproducciondeunaguiadecampoparalaregion.
INTRODUCTION
ThesouthwesternAmazonofthetrinationalcornerofSWBrazil,NWBohvia,
andSEPerucontainswhatisprobaHythelargestandleastdisturbedareare-
mainingofUpperAmazonianandLowerAndeanecosystems(Fosteretal.1994).
Threatstotheforestoccurmtheformofhunting,goldmming,timberextrac-
tion,impendingroadconstruction,andslashandburnagriculture.TheDepart-
mentofMadredeDios(12°-14.5°S),Peru,dominatedbytheMadredeDiosRiver
basinandtributaries,isanimportantgeopoliticalregioninthepristineSW
Amazon,whichisdividedequallybetweenlowland,premontane,andmon-
taneforest(Daviseta).1997).MadredeDiosislocatedatthesouthwesternedge
oftheAmazonbasinneartheAndeanfoothillsandiscoveredprimarilyby
lowlandtropical/subtropicalmoistforest(Gentry&Leon1997).Theregionhas
adistinctsixmonthdryseasonandreceives2000-2500mmofrainannually
(Gentry&Leon1997).MadredeDioshasbeenrecognizedasanepicenterof
botanicaldiversityandholdsworldrecordnumbersofotherorganisms,such
asbirds,tabanidflies,tigerbeetles,damselfliesanddragonflies,andbutterflies
(Stewart1988).
Botanicalresearchoverthepast25yearsinMadredeDios,Peru,hasbeen
SIDA21(2):1231-1238.2004
1232 BRIT.ORG/SIDA21(2)
importantforidentifyingtheextentandsignificanceoftheregion'splantdiver-
sity,producingvariouspubhcationsanddatasets(e.g.,Gentry1982;Philhps&
Gentry1993a--b;Fosteretal.1994;Terborgh&rAndersen1998;Pitmanetal.1999,
2001).TherehavebeentwogeographicareasofbotanicalinvestigationsinMadre
deDios,vv'ithmostol theresourceslocusedonc|uantitativeinventoryol trees
(trunkdiameter>10cm)inscatteredone-hectareforestplotsand0.1-hcctare
transects.TheCochaCashuBiologicalStationmManuNationalParkhasbeen
thelocusofsignificant1icldresearchduringthelastthreedecades(Terborgh1994),
producingoneol themostcomprehensiveplantchecklistsfortheregion.The
Tambopata-CandamoReservedZone(Fosteretal.1994)inlowerMadredeDios
nearthePeru-Bolivianborderhasbeenthelocusollong-termmonitoringoloiie-
hectareforestplotsandcomplementary0.1-hectarctransectwork(Phillipsetal.
2003),plusassociatedprogramsofgeneralbotanicalcollection.
Despitetheresearchthathasbeenfocusedontheseselectedareas,there
hasbeennomajoi;long-termsystematicinventoryol plantsandhabitats,and
no1lorahasbeenpublishedlortheregion.BetweenJuly11andAugust19,2002,
aspartolalong-termprogramolbotanicalinventoryandmonitoring,theau-
thorsconductedexpeditionsintheAmazonianlowlandsolthe13epartmentof
MadredeDios.Ledbythefirstauthor,cryptogamiccollectionsweremadefrom
severallocalitiesintheregion(Table1,Fig.1).Fifty-eightspeciesofmosseswere
identiliedfromapproximately226collections.Ofthe58taxaidentified,54are
newrecordslorthedistrictandfourolthesearenewrecordsforPeru(Table2).
Theonlypreviouslypublishedrecordsof mosscollectionslorMadrede
Dios,aslarasweknow,weremadebyVargas(1974)andrecordedinachecklist
ol mossesforPeruby Menzel(1992).VouchersoftheVargasmaterial were
searchedforbutnotlocatedineitherolthetwolargerPeruvianherbaria—the
HerbariumoftheMuscodeHistoriaNatural,UniversidadNacionalMayorde
SanMarcos(USM)andthellcrbarioVargas,FacultaddeCienciaBiologicas,
UniversidadNacionalSanAntonioAbaddelCuzco(CIJZ).
Weconcludethatlutureworkshouldbefocusedoncomparativestudiesof
thediversityofmossesandotherbryophytesintimeandspacebetweendiffer-
entsitesinthelowlandsofMadredeDios,andalongthealtitudinalgradient
IromthelowlandsuptheslopesoltheAndesintotheDepartmentofCusco.
Thisworkisproducedasacomponentollong-termbotanicalexplorationand
collaborationintheAndes-AmazonregionofsoutheasternI^eruanditwillserve
asafoundationlortheproductionofIicldguidestoservethemultidisciplinary
science,education,andconservationprogramsthatareongoingintheregion.
ANNOTATED\ASTOFSPF.CIES
Speciesarelistedalphabetically bylamily.Newrecordsforthecountryare
markedwithanasterisk(*).ThenomenclatureforthespeciesfollowsCrosbyet
al.(2000).VouchercollectionsarcdepositedatNY.Duplicatesofsometaxaare
W W
MAJESTYKANDJANOVEC,MOSSFLORAOFTHEAMAZONIANLOWLANDSINPERU 1233
Table1.SummaryofninecollectionsitesinMadredeDies,Peru,andthecorrespondingmosscol-
lectionsmadebetweenJuly11andAugust19,2002.
Locality Elevation GeographicCoordinates CollectionNumbers
(P.Majestyk)
l.ManuProvince,PuertoMaldonado 300m 12°36'S,69°11'W 3720-3727
2.ManuProvince,LosAmigosfield 280m 12°34'5,70°06' 3728-3902:3951.5-4178;
station,ca.3kmNofthejetofthe 4301-4364
MadredeDiosandLosAmigos
rivers.
3,ManuProvince,Communityof 220m 12°36'S,70°05'W 39033951
BocaAmigo,ca.
1.6kmNofthejetoftheLos
AmigosandMadredeDiosrivers
ontheWsideoftheriver
4.TambopataProvince,Esideofthe 300m 12°28'50"S, 4179-4209
LosAmigosRiver 70°iroi"w
S.TambopataProvince,Esideofthe 300m 12°27'48"S, 4210-4215
LosAmigosRiver,smallwaterfall 70°13'09"W
emptyingintoriver
6.TambopataProvince,Esideofthe 300m 12°25'37"S, 42184231
LosAmigosRiver 70°15'35"W
Z.TambopataProvince,Esideofthe 230-250m 12°31'52"- 4240-4265
LosAmigosRiver, 12°32'05"S
frombanksofrivertoinland 70°05'24"-
70°05'29"W
8.ManuProvince,InambariRiverca. 220m 12°43'87"S, 4266-4267
2kmfromjctofMadredeDiosRiver 69°45'5r'
9.ManuProvince,ca,13kmWof 300m 12°40'S,69°20'W 4268-4300
PuertoMaldonadoinsmallpark
dominatedbyMauritiaflexuosa
L(Arecaceae).
alsodepositedatBRIT,CUZ,MO,SMF,andthefirstauthor'spersonalherbarium.
Numbersfollowingthespeciesnamearethefirstauthor'scollectionnumbers.
Bartramiaceae "'BryumrenauldiiRollexRenauld&Cardot;42^2
Philonotisuncinata(Schwagrichen)Bridel;3743, Calymperaceae
3820,3876,3882,3885,3997,4145.4165,4180, CalymperesafzeliiSwartz;3948,4205,4303,4310,
4213,4215,4231,4267 4314
Brachytheciaceae Ca/ymperespa/isoffVSchwagrichen;4336
Rhynchostegiumconchophyllum(Taylor)A,Jae- SyrrhopodoncryptocarposDozy&Molkenboer;
ger;4220 3825,3984,4120
SyrrhopodonincompletusSchwagrichen;383S,
BTrruemcahtioadcoenaelongicolltsMichx.;4245 34918618,,34928624,,43938051,4017,4018,4108,41104141,
Bryaceae Syrrhopodonparasiticus(Swartzex Bridel)
BryumapiculatumSchwagrichen;3875,3888, Bescherelle;4038,4309
3995,4134,4151
1234 BRIT.0R6/SIDA21(2)
Fig.1.MapshowingninecollectionsiteswherethestudywasfocusedinMadredeDios,Peru.Table1providesdescrip-
tionsoftheselocalitiesbythecorrespondingnumberofeachsite.
Dicranaceae Isopterygiumtenerum(Swartz)M\nen;3751,3775,
Dicranellahilanana(Montagne)Mitten;3722, 3780,3828,3852,3973,4004,4277,4286,4302
3728,3730,3781,4/02,4130,4197 Mittenolhamniumreptons(Hedwiq)Cardot;
Ditrichaceae 4358,4359
DiHiLhuiiuiilev.ens(Hampe)Hampe;4/18,4202 Rhacopilopsistrinitensis(C.Muller)E.Britlon&
D'Kon;4169,4252
Fissidentaceae Vesiculariasp:,4344.\Newereunabletoidentity
FissidcnsquiiinensisMontagne;3939,4023,4036. thiscollectionfromSouthAmericanmate-
4041.5,4061,4062,4096,4100,4101,4109,4119, rialinNY.Thisspecieshasbranchleaves
Fissi4d1e2n5s,f4l1a9c5ci,d4u2s6M2itten;4211,4226 amenaesuwrisnpegcicae.s2.b5utmmweinclaennngotht.lwtitishpoeurthafuprs-
Fissidensintramarginatus(Hampe)Mitten;3750 therstudyofthegenusmakethatdecision
Fissidenspellucidw,Homschuch;3756,3881,4246 now.
FissidenspdonodesMontagne;3777,3783,3966, Vesiculariavesiculans(Scwagrichen)Brotherus
4162 var.vesicularis;3784,3877,4072,4104,4183
FissidenssubmarginatusBiuch;3873,4138,4259 Vesiculariavesicularisvarrutilans(Bridel)W.R.
FissidenszollingenMontagne;3871,3928,4132, Buck;4(764
4139
Leucobryaceae
Hypnaceae Leucobryummartianum(Hornschuch)Hampe
Chry4s1o8-8iiypnumdiminutivum{hampe)W.R3uck; 4ex32C8.Muller;3847,i86/,4/49,4/53,4/59,4/67,
Isopterygiumsubbrevisetum(Hampe)Brotherus; 'leucobryumsubobtusifolium(Brotherus)B.H.
4067,4116,4192 Allen;4092
1
MAJESTYKANDJANOVEC,MOSSFLORAOFTHEAMAZONIANLOWLANDSINPERU 1235
Table2,Asummaryofmosscollectionsmadebyfamily,species,andlocalitiesinMadredeDios,
Peru.
Family NumberofSpecies NumberofCollections CollectionLocalities
(seemap,Fig.1)
Banramiaceae 1 1,2,4,5,6,8
Brachytheciaceae 1 6
Bruchiaceae 1 1 7
Bryaceae 2 6 2
Calymperaceae 5 23 2,4,7
Dicranaceae 1 7 1,2,4
Ditrichaceae 1 2 2,4
Fissidentaceae 7 31 2,3,4,5,6,7
Hypnaceoe 8 25 2,4,7,9
Leucobryaceae 5 28 2,4,7
Meteoriaceoe 2 9 2,3,4,7
Neckeraceae 2 7 2
Othotrichaceae 2 2 2
Pitotrichaceae 4 18 2,4
Pottiaceae 2 2 6
Pterobryaceae 2 5 2,3
Sematophyllaceae 7 23 2,3,4,7,9
Splachnobryaceae 1 2 2
Stereophyllaceae 1 9 2
Thuidiaceae 3 12 2
Total 55 212
OctoblepharumalbidumHedwig;3738,3755, Schlotheimiaruglfolla(W.J.Hooker)Schwa-
3778,3859,3965,3969,4013,4081,4121,4155, grichen;4307
4201,4299,4291,4253 Pilotrichaceae
OctoMbolnetpahganreu;m40c7y5lindricumW.P.Schimperex CalllAcnogsstetlrloamp;a3ll7i5d7a3(75H9o,r3n8s6c9h,u3c87h2,in396M8a,rt4i0u2s6),
OctoMbiltteepnh;a3r8u7m4,pu3l9v6in1,a4t0u0m5,(4D1o0z7y,&4M16olkenboer) Cros4s0o9m7i,t4ri10u3m,p4a1t3r6i,s4ia1e84(,Br4i1de8l6),4C2.0M3Q,II4e3r;154,/483722
Meteoriaceae LepidopilumaffineC.MCiller;4179,4190
Zelometeoriumpatulum(Hedwig)Manuel;3724, LepidopilumsurinamenseC.Muller;3752
39174099,4115,4117,4200,4204,4254 Pottiaceae
Zelometeoriumrecurvifolium(Hornschuchin 6ort)u/aind;co(WJ.Hooker)SprengelinSteudel;
Martius)Manuel;3950 4223
Neckeraceae DolotortulamnilfoliaiSiiW'wfant)R.H.Zander;4225
Neckeropsisdisticho(Hedwig)Kindberg;3935, Pterobryaceae
4207 Henicodiumgeniculatum(Milten)W.R,Buck;
Neckeropsisundulata(Hedwig)Reichardt;3762, 3930,3988,4127,4137
3909,4078,4085,4249 Pireellapohlii(Schwagrichen)Cardot;4/52
Orthotrichaceae Sematophyllaceae
Groutiellatomentosa(Hornschucli)Wijk& *Potamiumionchophyllum(Montagne)Mitten;
Margadant;3880 4251
7
1236 BRIT.ORG/SIDA21(2)
*Sematophytlumadnalum(Michx.)E.Britton; Stereophyllaceae
4242,4289 Pilosiumchlorophyllum(Hornschuch)C.MQller
Sematophyllumsubpiimatum(Bridel)E.Britton; inBrotherus;3956,4003,4012,4034,4037,
3737 40874256,4305,4312
Sematophyllumsubsimplex(Hcdwig)Mitten; Thuidiaceae
38273952,3960,3967,4008,4025,4329 Cyrto-hypnuminvolves(Hedwig)W.R.Buck&H.
Taxirheliumplanum(Bridel)Mitten;3933,3934, Crum;3938,4l24,4l47,4198
4142,4150,4206,4208,4260,431 Cyrtohypnun)leptocladum(Taylor)W.R.Buck&
Tnchosteleumcf.pusillum(Hornschuch)A.Jae- H.Cium;4035
ger;4027 Cyrtohypnumscabrosulum(Mitten)W.R.Buck&
Trichosteleumsubdemissum (Schimper ex H.Crum;3761,3857,3951,4010,4084,4128,
Bescherelle)A,Jaeger;4123,4129,4279 4319.
Splachnobryaceae
Splachnobryumobtusum(Bridel)C.Muller;3996,
3998
TaxarecordedinVargas(1974):
AnomobryumjulaceumCSchraderexP.G.Gartner,B.Meyer&Scherbius)W.R
SchhnpeT,BryumapiculatumSchwagrichen,Ditranellahilariana(Montagne)
Mitten, Entodon jamesonii (Taylor) Mitten, Lcucohryum martianum
(Hornschuch)HarnpeexC.MuUer,Phi/(ijioti.slongi.sett;(Michx.)Britton,Puuci-
natci(Sehwagrichen) Bridel,Pilopogonguadalupen^is,(Bridel) Frahm
,
Thamnohryumfasciculaium(Hedwig)1.Sastre,Scmaiopylium^ubpinnatum
(Bridel) H. Britton,Spha\i^numsuhsccundum Neesin Sturm,Squamidium
nigricans{V\/.].HookerinKunth)Brotherus.
TaxalistedasoccurringinMadredeDiosintheTropicosdatabasewithcollec-
torandcollectionnumber(mobot.mobot.orgAV3T/Search/most.html):
FissidcnsallioniiBrotherus(Matthew.s6-86.580,MO);FissidcnslagenariusMk-
ten(Mafthcw.sB-86577,COLO,PAC);Fi,s.sitien.sper/a[ccitusBrotherus(Maa/icws
B-85860,MO);Phyllogoniumvi.sro.sum(P.Beauv.)Mitten(Chavez857,MO).
ACKNOWI.HDGMHNTS
WewouldliketothanktheGordonandBettyMooreFoundationandtheBene-
ficiaFoundationiortheirsupportol botanicalstudiesinMadredeDios,Peru.
ThelirstauthorthanksWiUiatriBuckandtheNewYorkBotanicalGardenlor
financialassistancewhichmadethistrippossible.Thesecondauthorthanks
ScottMoriforsupportduringpostdoctoralstudiesattheNewYorkBotanical
Garden.ForaidingintheidentificationofseveralcollectionswethankWill-
iamBuck,RobertIreland,andRonPursell.WethankAshaMcElfishlorheras-
sistanceinpreparationoftablesandforhelpfulcommentstoimprovetheorigi-
nalmanuscript.AndwethankBarneyl^ipscombforhisexcellenteditorship
andthetworeviewers(RobertF.MagillandWilliamR.Buck)whohelpedus
improvethemanuscript.Fieldworkwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthe
.
MAJESTYKANDJANOVEC,MOSSFLORAOFTHEAMAZONIANLOWLANDSINPERU 1237
logisticalsupportprovidedbytheAmazonConservationAssociation(ACA),
theAsociacionparalaConservaciondelaCuencaAmazonica(ACCA),and
thestaffoftheLosAmigosBiologicalStation,includingJorgeHerrera,Juan
CarlosFlores,GiovanaEspino,andSoniaGuerra.WealsothankAsuncionCano
ofUSM,CarlosReynelofMOL,andstaffofthePeruvianMinistryofNatural
Resources(INRENA)fortheirsupportofourongoingbotanicalresearchinPeru.
FernandoCornejo,PiherMaceda,MathiasTobler,andEuridicefionoriopro-
videdessentialassistanceandcollaborationduringthefieldexpeditionsthat
mademosscollectionspossible.
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