Table Of ContentC o n t i n u i n g
Dilemmas
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Continuing
Dilemmas
Understanding Social Consciousness
Sudhir Chandra
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Tu! ika
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Published by Tulika Books
35 A/1 (third floor), Shahpur Jat, New Delhi 110 049, India
C Sudhir Chandra 2002
First published in India 2002
ISBN: 81-85229-63·5
Designed by Ram Rahman, typeset in Sabon and
Univers at Tulika Print Communication Services,
New Delhi, and printed at Pauls Press, E 44/11,
Okhla Phase II, New Delhi 110' 020. Distributed
in India by Manobar Publishers and Distributors,
216 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi 110 002
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To the memory·of
CLE.MENS HELLER and to MAURICE AY MARD
wh<>, through the Maison des Sciences de l'Homme,
made my exposure to Paris and to French scholarship possible
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Contents
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Acknowledgements ix
Introduction: The Self and the Work xiii
'The Language of Modern Ideas': Reflections on an
Ethnological Parable 1
The Loyalty of Educated Indians to British Ruic (1858-85) 11
The Indian League and the Western India Association 29
Badruddin Tyabji: A Study of Personal and Group Interests
in Indian Nationalism 54
Towards an Integrated Understanding of Early Indian
of
Nationalism: Notes on The Lake Palms 13
Prcmchand and Indian Nationalism 13
The Harvest of Fear: A Rcuospcctivc Critique of Hindu-
Muslim Relations in Two Hindi Novels 107
The Novel's Impossible Search for the Nation: A Note on
Intizar Husain's 'An Unwritten Epic' 132
Venturing to Speak of Communalism 142
Of Communal Consciousness and Communal Violence:
Impressions from Post-Riot Surat 156
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viii CONTENTS
A Hindu's Protest against the Hindutva Terror in Gujarat 172
Hindu Conservatism in the Nineteenth Century 171
A Nineteenth-Century View of the liindu Joint Family:
Notes from Govardhanram Tripathi's Scrap Book 191
Salvaging the 'Immediate' Past: Govardhanram Tripathi's
The Classical Poets of Gujarat and their Influence on
Society and Morals 21&
Whose Laws? Notes on a Legitimizing Myth of the
2•
Colonial Indian State
An Unresolved Dilemma: Gandhi on Religious Conversion 271
Towards a Cultural Policy: A Minority Viewpoint 3117
Index 312
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Acknowledgements
I am indebted to Rajen and Indu for proposing this volume;
to Gyan Pandey, Charu Gupta and Geetanjali Shree for, at very
short notice, commenting incisively on the introduction, 'The Self
and the Work'; to Gilles Tara bout who, besides promptly responding
to my request for a month at the Maison des Sciences de l'Homme,
kindly offered me the use of his office to write the introduction; to
Professor A. Sumru Ozsoy for undertaking to email from Istanbul
final drafts and corrections to the Tulika office in Delhi so that
Geetanjali and I could enjoy our vacation in Turkey without much
hindrance; and to Bhupen Khakhar for designing the cover.
A sixty-one year old, selecting from thirty-six years of writ
ing, cannot resist recalling the many debts that made this work
possible. But one will - can - neither record them all, nor record the
intensity with which they are felt. I should, rather, be sparse.
Of the many teachers I have had - formal and informal - I
recall with gratitude my mother; Panchuji of the M.D. Jain Inter
mediate College, Agra; Shri M;1habir Saran of the Manohar Bhushan
Intermediate College, Bareilly; Uncle Fanthome whom, alas, not .
many remember today in U.P. where, the maverick judicial officer
that he was, he tried to dispense justice, knowing that his job was
simply to administer the law; and Professor V.N. Datta, the gracious
supervisor of my doctoral dissertation.
Over the years I have learnt to admire the many qualities of
my self-effacing, saintly father, especially his single-minded pursuit
of knowledge. However, apart from imbibing his love of Indian class
ical music, I have regrettably not succeeded much, so far, in emulating
his examp_le.
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x
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Most of the work appearing here was patronized by a large
number of institutions, the foremost among them being the Maison
des Sciences de !'Homme. I owe it to M. Clemens Heller and Maurice
Aymard, who together have made MSH a unique place for inter
national academic interaction, that my association with it has conti
nued over the past twenty years. It is a pleasure to be able to dedicate
this volume to the two of them. How I wish, though, that it had
appeared just two months earlier and been seen by M. Heller!
The Charles Wallace (India) Trust, the Indian Institute of
Advanced Study, the Indian Council of Social Science Research, the
Centre for the Study of Developing Societies, the Nehru Memorial
Museum and Library, the Indian Council of Historical Research,
'
the German Academic Exchange Service, the South Asia Institute of
Heidelberg University, the Institute on Consciousness of Chicago
University, the Bellagio Study and Conference Center, the Institute
for the Study of Cultures and Languages of Asia and Africa of Tokyo
University of Foreign Studies, the Japanese Society for the Promotion
of Science, the Fulbright Fellowship Foundation, the A.D. White
House and Cornell University, the British Academy, the Institute for
Advanced Studies in the Humanities of Edinburgh University, the
Columbia University's Institute for Scholars in Paris, Curtin Univer
sity of Technology, Perth, La Trobe University, Melbourne, the Centre
for Studies in the Social Sciences, Calcutta, the Centre for Social
Studies, Surat, the Jamia Millia lslamia, and the Centre for Advanced
Study in History at Aligarh Muslim University - I feel indebted to
all of them.
And to them who helped me obtain this institutional sup-
•
port: Professors M. Mujeeb, S.C. Dube, Leela Dube, lrfan Habib,
Ravinder Kumar, T.N. Madan, Emmanuel La Roy Ladurie, R.E.
Cavaliero, F.H. Taylor, Peter Reeves, Masao Naito, Dominic La
Capra, Dietmar Rothermund, D.L. Sheth, Ghanshyam Shah, N.R.
Sheth, Peter Jones, John Frow, Dwijendra Tripathi, Pradip Bose,
Partha Cliatterji, Crispin Bates and Sanjay Seth.
Also to Mme Roscne·de Montfalcon, Anthya Taylor and
Mihaela Bacou for their uniform courtesy and variegated help.
I recall with pleasure my debts to David Page, Suresh
Sharma, Ram Bapat, Namvar Singh, Alok Bhalla, Robin Brooks,
Rajeev Dhavan, Manibhai Prajapati, Vasudha Dalmia, Martin Fuchs,
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