Table Of ContentCONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN FEDERALISM:
THE FUTURE OF THE FEDERATION
1999-2000
VOLUME I
Prof. Sujit Choudhry
Faculty of Law,
University of Toronto
Special thanks to Rebecca Case, Allyn Chudy and Carol Wilton for their assistsnce in the preparation of
these materials. %
CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN FEDERALISM:
THE FUTURE OF THE FEDERATION
1999-2000
VOLUME I
Prof. Sujit Choudhry
Faculty of Law,
University of Toronto
Special thanks to Rebecca Case, Allyn Chudy and Carol Wilton for their assistance in the preparation of
these materials.
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2018 with funding from
University of Toronto
https://archive.org/details/contemporaryissuOOchou
CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN FEDERALISM:
THE FUTURE OF THE FEDERATION
1999—2000
TABLE OF CONTENTS
VOLUME I
I. NORMATIVE JUSTIFICATIONS FOR FEDERALISM
No readings
II. SOQAL POLICY
A. The New Deal Cases
1. Cases
Reference re Employment and Social Insurance Act, [1936] S.C.R. 427.1
Reference re Employment and Social Insurance Act, [1937] A.C. 355 (P.C.).16
2. Commentary
V. MacDonald, “The Canadian Constitution Seventy Years After” (1937)
15 Can. Bar Rev. 401 at 412-415 and 419-425.18
F.R Scott, “The Consequences of the Privy Council Decisions” (1937)
15 Can. Bar Rev. 485 at 492-493.23
J. H. Thompson with A. Seager, Canada 1922-1939: Decades of Discord
Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1985) at 261-66.24
B. The Post War Welfare State
K. Banting, "The Past Speaks to the Future: Lessons from the Postwar Social Union"
in H. Lazar, ed., Non-Constitutional Renewal (Kingston: Institute of
Intergovernmental Relations, 1998) 39 at 39-48 and 50-61.27
C. The Constitution and Social Policy
1. Federal Spending Power
(a) Cases
Porter Canada, [1965] 1 Ex. C.R 200 37
V. .
Central Mortgage and Housing Corp v. Co-op College Residences (1975),
13 0.R. (2d) 384 (C.A.).44
Winterhaven Stables v. Canada (1988), 53 D.L.R. (4*) 413 (Alta C.A.).51
Shubenacadie Indian Band v. Canada (Human Rights Commission), [1998]
2F.C. 198 (T.D.).68
1
YMHA Jewish Community Centre v. Brown, [1989] 1 S.C.R. 1532.72
Reference Re Canada Assistance Plan, [1991] 2 S.C.R. 525.77
(b) Commentary
P. E. Trudeau, Federal-Provincial Grants and the Spending Power of Parliament
(Ottawa: Queens Printer, 1969) at 4-34.93
A. Petter, “Federalism and the Myth of the Federal Spending Power” (1989)
68 Can. Bar Rev. 448.101
P.*W. Jiogg, Constitutional Law of Canada (Toronto: Carswell, 1999) at 159-163.116
D. Coyne, "The Meech Lake Accord and the Spending Power Proposals:
Fundamentally Flawed" in M. D. Behiels, ed.. The Meech Lake Primer:
Conflicting Views of the 1987 Constitutional Accord (Ottawa: University
of Ottawa Press, 1989) at 245-267. 118
(c) Constitutional provisions and proposals
Constitution Act, 1982, s. 36.129
Meech Lake Accord of1987, Schedule, s. 7 (to insert proposed s. 106A into
the Constitution Act, 1867).129
Charlottetown Accord of1992, Draft Legal Text, s. 16 (to insert proposed
s. 106A into the Constitution Act, 1867).129
2. Intergovernmental Agreements
(a) Cases
Reference Re Canada Assistance Plan (above)
Saskatchewan Egg Producers Marketing Board v. Ontario (Min. of Agriculture
& Food), [1993] O.J. No. 434 (Gen. Div.).130
Finlay v. Minister of Finance (Standing), [1986] 2 S.C.R 607.137
Finlay Minister of Finance (Merits), [1993] 1 S.C.R. 1080.147
V.
Brown v. British Columbia (Attorney General) (1997),
41 B.C.L.R. (3d) 265 (S.C.).168
Collett Ontario (A.G.) (1995), 124 D.L.R (4***) 426 (Ont. Gen. Div.).174
V.
Lofstrom v. Murphy (1971), 22 D.L.R (3d) 120 (Sask. C.A.).182
Masse v. Ontario (Ministry of Community and Social Services) (1996),
134 D.L.R (4th) 20 (Ont. Gen. Div.)..184
(b) Relevant constitutional provisions
Charlottetown Accord of1992, Draft Legal Text, s. 17 (to insert proposed
s. 126A into the Constitution Act, 1867).....196
3. Impact of the Charter
Federated Anti-Poverty Groups of British Columbia v. British Columbia
(Minister of Social Services), [1996] B.C.J. No. 2088. 197
R V. S.S., [1990] 2 S.C.R. 254...202
Haigv. Canada (Chief Electoral Officer), [1993] 2 S.C.R. 995.:.208
E. Toward a New Social Union?
1. Constitutional Proposals
Ontario's Proposal for a Social Charter for Canada (February 13, 1992).221
Charlottetown Accord of1992, Draft Legal Text, ss. 30 (to amend s. 36
of the Constitution Act, 1982), 31 (to insert a new s. 36.1, 36.2, 37,
and 37.1 into the Constitution Act, 1982).222
A Framework to Improve the Social Union for Canadians (February 4, 1999).223
2. Commentary
T. J. Courchene, ACCESS: A Convention on the Canadian Economic and
Social Systems (working paper prepared for the Ontario Ministry of
Intergovernmental Affairs, 1996).231
M. Biggs, Building Blocks for Canada’s New Social Union, Canadian Policy
Research Networks Working Paf>er No. F02, 39-43 (1996).248
K. O'Hara with the assistance of S. Cox, Securing the Social Union, Canadian
Policy Research Networks Study No. CPRN02, 53-67 (1998).251
W. B.P. Robson & D. Schwanen, Social Union Agreement: Too Flawed to Last
(Toronto; C.D. Howe Institute, (1999).261
III. ECONOMIC POLICY
A. Economic Union
I. The case for Economic Union
(a) The Value of Economic Union
J. R.S. Prichard with J. Benedickson, "Securing the Canadian Economic
Union: Federalism and Internal Barriers to Trade" in M.J. Trebilcock
et al., eds.. Federalism and the Canadian Economic Union (Toronto:
University of Toronto Press, 1983) 3 at 5-15.1
Government of Canada, Canadian Federalism and Economic Union:
Partnership for Prosperity (Ottawa: Minster of Supply and Services, 1991)
at 2 and 9-14.6
R, J. Howse, Economic Union, Social Justice, and Constitutional Reform:
Towards a High But Level Playing Field (North York, ON; York
University Centre for for Public Law and Public Policy, 1992) at 7-16.12
D. Schneiderman, "Economic Citizenship and Deliberative Democracy:
An Inquirv into Constitutional Limitations on Economic Regulation" (1993)
21 Queen’s L.J. 125 at 125-130, 141-146 and 151-165.18
K. Swinton, "Courting Out Way to Economic Integration: Judicial Review and the
Canadian Economic Union" (1995) 25 Can Bus. L.J. 280 at 288-293. 32
(b) Positive vs. Negative Integration
Howse, Economic Union, Social Justice, and Constitutional Reform: Towards
a High But Level Playing Field at 25-29.35
M. J. Trebilcock & Rambood Behboodi, "The Canadian Agreement on
Internal Trade: Retrospects and Prospects” in M.J. Trebilcock &
D. Schwanen, eds.. Getting There: An Assessment of the Agreement
on Internal Trade (Toronto, C.D. Howe Institute, 1995) 20 at 33-39.37
(c) Barriers to Economic Mobility: The Evidence and Examples
J. Walley, "The Impact of Federal PoUcies on Interprovincial Activity" in
M.J. Trebilcock et al., eds.. Federalism and the Canadian Economic
Union (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1983) 201 at 217-22.40
Michael J. Trebilcock et al., "Provincial Induced Barriers to Trade in Canada:
A Survey", in M.J. Trebilcock et al., eds.. Federalism and the Canadian
Economic Union (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1983) 243
at 254-257, 274-279 and 291-294.43
2. The Constitution and Economic Policy
(a) Federal Jurisdiction
(i) Trade and Commerce
Interprovincial and International Trade
Dominion Stores vs. The Queen, [1980] 1 S.C.R. 844.48
Labatt Breweries v. A.G. Canada, [1980] 1 S.C.R. 914.58
General Regulation of Trade Affecting the Whole Dominion
General Motors City National Leasing, [1989] 1 S.C.R. 641.70
V.
(ii) Peace, Order and Good Government (POGG)
R. V. Crown Zellerbach Canada Ltd. 49 D.L.R (4*) 161.83
(b) Provincial Jurisdiction: Property & Civil Rights
Carnation Co. v. Quebec Agricultural Marketing Board, [1968] S.C.R 238.96
A.G. Manitoba v. Manitoba Egg & Poultry Assoc., [1971] S.C.R 689. 100
Central Canada Potash v. Government of Saskatchewan, [1979] 1 S.C.R. 42.107
3. Interprovincial Mobility
(a) Constitutional Provisions
Constitution Act, 1867, s. 121.Ill
Constitution Act, 1982, 22. 6(2)-(4).111
(b) Goods, Capital & Services
Gold Seal V. A.G. Alberta (1921), 62 S.C.R 424 112
Atlantic Smoke Shops, [1943] A.C. 550.115
Murphy CPR, [1958] S.C.R. 626. 118
V.
Re Agricultural Products Marketing Act, [1978] 2 S.C.R. 1198.123
(c) Persons: Mobility Rights
Law Society of Upper Canada V. Skapinker, [1984] 1 S.C.R. 357.128
Black Law Society of Alberta, [1989] 1 S.C.R. 591.134
V.
Canadian Egg Marketing Board v. Richardson, [1998] 3 S.C.R 157.149
Island Equine Clinic Ltd. v. Prince Edward Island {\99\), 81 D.L.R. (4th)
350 (P.E.I.S.C.A.D).176
McCartenv. Prince Edward Island, (1993) 101 D.L.R (4th)
335 (P.E.I.S.C.T.D.).178
Prince Edward Island Walker, (1993) 107 D.L.R. (4th) 69 (P.E.l.C.A.).180
V.
Waldman v. British Columbia (Medical Services Commission) (1997),
150 D.L.R (4th) 405 (B.C.S.C.).182
4. Towards the Canadian Economic Union
(a) Agreement on Internal Trade
D. Schwanen, "Canadian Regardless of Origin; 'Negative Integration' and the
Agreement on Internal Trade" in H. Lazar, ed., Non-Constitutional Renewal
(Kingston; Institute of Intergovernmental Relations, 1998) 169.202
D. Cohen, “The Internal Trade Agreement; Furthering the Canadian
Economic Disunion?” (1995) 25 Can. Bus. L.J. 280.219
R. J. Howse, "Between Anarchy and the Rule of Law; Dispute Settlement
and Related Implementation Issues in the Agreement on Internal Trade"
in M.J. Trebilcock & D. Schwanen, eds., Getting There: An Assessment
of the Agreement on Internal Trade (Toronto; C.D. Howe Institute, 1995)
170 at 171-186.231
Re Manganese-Based Fuel Additives Act, File No. 97/99 (June 12, 1998).238
(b) Unilateral Federal Action pursuant to 91(2) and POGG
Hunt v.T&N, [1993] 4 S.C.R 289.251
RJ. Howse, Securing the Canadian Economic Union: Legal and Constitutional
Options for the Federal Government (C.D. Howe Institute, 1996) at 3-14.261
(c) Reading 91(2) broadly: dormant commerce clause
K. Swinton, "Courting Out Way to Economic Integration; Judicial Review and the
Canadian Economic Union" (1995) 25 Can. Bus. L.J. 280 at 295-302.273
(d) Amending s. 121
A Renewed Canada — The Report of the Special Joint Committee on a
Renewed Canada (1992) (text & projjosed amendment to amend s. 121
of the Constitution Act, 1867)....278
Charlottetown Accord of1992, Draft Legal Text, s. 31 (to insert a new s. 36.1
into the Constitution Act, 1982).279
Howse, Economic Union, Social Justice, and Constitutional Reform: Towards
a High But Level Playing Field at 34-45.280
Trebilcock & Behboodi, "The Canadian Agreement on Internal Trade:
Retrospects and Prospects" at 27-33.286
(e) Relationship with Social Union
Howse, Economic Union, Social Justice, and Constitutional Reform: Towards
a High But Level Playing Field at 102-108, 119 and 128.290
David Schneiderman, "The Constitutional Politics of Poverty", in J. Bakan &
D. Schneiderman, eds.. Social Justice and the Constitution (Ottawa: Carleton
University Press, 1992) 125 at 131-134. 294
B. International Trade and the Canadian Constitution
1. The Labour Conventions controversy
Reference Re Regulation and Control of Aeronautics in Canada, [1932] A.C. 54.296
Reference re Regulation and Control of Radio Communication in Canada, [1932]
A.C. 304.299
Reference re Weekly Rest in Industrial Undertakings Act, Minimum Wages Act
and Umitations of Hours Work Act, [1937] A.C. 326.302
R. J. Howse, "The Labour Conventions Doctrine in an Era of Global
Interdependence: Rethinking the Constitutional Dimensions of Canada's
Extern^ Relations" (1990) at 16 Can. Bus. L.J. 160 at 163-78.307
2. Jurisdiction to Implement NAFTA
R. Howse, “NAFTA and the Constitution: Does Labour Conventions Really
Matter Any More?” (1994) 5 Const. Forum 54, excerpts.316
Anonymous, "Issues of Constitutional Jurisdiction" in Peter M. Leslie &
Ronald L. Watts, eds., Canada: The State of the Federation 1987-88
(Kingston: Queen's University Institute for Intergovernmental Aifeirs,
1989) 39at41-51.318
R. Sullivan, “Jurisdiction to Negotiate and Implement Free Trade Agreements
in Canada” (1987) 24 U.W.O. L. Rev. 63..324
3. Impact upon Canadian Federalism
Anonymous, "Issues of Constitutional Jurisdiction", 51-55.335
Howse, ‘?^AFTA and the Constitution: Does Labour Conventions Really
Matter Any More?” excerpts.338
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