Table Of ContentJeanne Duus Johansen
Vera Mahler
Jean-Pierre Lepoittevin
Peter J. Frosch
Editors
Contact
Dermatitis
Sixth Edition
Contact Dermatitis
(cid:129)
Jeanne Duus Johansen Vera Mahler
(cid:129)
Jean-Pierre Lepoittevin Peter J. Frosch
Editors
Contact Dermatitis
Sixth Edition
With350Figuresand271Tables
Editors
JeanneDuusJohansen VeraMahler
DepartmentofDermatologyandAllergy DivisionofAllergology
NationalAllergyResearchCentre Paul-Ehrlich-Institut
HerlevandGentofteHospital Langen,Germany
UniversityofCopenhagen
Hellerup,Denmark
Jean-PierreLepoittevin PeterJ.Frosch
LaboratoiredeDermatochimie ProfessoremeritusFormerlyDepartment
UniversityofStrasbourg ofDermatology
Strasbourg,France KlinikumDortmund
Dortmund,Germany
UniversityofWitten/Herdecke
Witten,Germany
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Preface to the Current Edition
This sixth edition of the book Contact Dermatitis represents the extensive
developmentofnewknowledgeinthisfield.Contactdermatitisisafrequent
and often disabling disease, prognosis depends on up-to-date diagnostics,
treatment,andprevention.
The book is covering all conceivable aspects of diagnosis and modern
management of contact dermatitis: irritant, allergic, and rarer forms such as
photoallergic and phototoxic reactions, protein contact dermatitis, as well as
immediate contact reactions. A considerable challenge is to select correct
allergens for patch testing and interpret results; a range of chapters is
addressingtechnicalaspects,givingconcreteguidanceandoverviewofaller-
gensinspecificproductsandexposurescenarios.
Chapters have been added on Baseline Series from different parts of the
world, reflectingregionalinfluences andprovidingguidanceforbasicinves-
tigation of contact dermatitis to the experienced and less experienced clini-
cians. New chapters have been added on implants and hypersensitivity
reactions, a generally difficult area to manage. A considerable update has
been made to the popular dictionaries of contact allergens and lists of patch
testconcentrations,whichisaninvaluabletoolforevidence-basedinvestiga-
tionandinformation.
The increased basic understanding of the immunology in allergic and
irritant contact reactions and the complicated chemistry of contact sensitiza-
tionisreflectedinnewandextensivelyupdatedandwell-illustratedchapters.
Thefirsteditionofthisbookwaspublishedin1992andhasservedasthe
main reference book of contact dermatitis since. As something unique, Pro-
fessor Peter Frosch has been on the editorial team for all these editions
providingimmenseknowledgeandensuringhighqualityandconsistency.
The success of a book depends on the contributing authors. These are all
expertsintheirfields,andmanyofthemarealsoexperiencedclinicians.The
editorsareverygratefultothemforsharingtheirknowledge.
Last but not least, we would like to thank Springer for their excellent
support to this project. In the age of electronic publication, we are grateful
v
vi PrefacetotheCurrentEdition
thatthisbookwillalsobeavailableonline.Thus,theplethoraofknowledgeof
this fascinatingfield ofmedicine isnow accessible worldwidetodermatolo-
gistsandspecialistsinvariousfieldsforthebenefitofthepatient.
Hellerup,Denmark JeanneDuusJohansen
Langen,Germany VeraMahler
Strasbourg,France Jean-PierreLepoittevin
Witten,Germany PeterJ.Frosch
October2020
Preface to the Fifth Edition
This is the fifth edition of the book since 1992. A lot of changes have been
made over the years, but the biggest transformation came with the fourth
edition in 2005: many new chapters, easy overview, and core messages
providing all the clinical photos and diagrams. All these advantages have
beenretainedforthefifthedition,whereanextensiveupdateofchaptershas
beenmadeincludingnewversionsandauthorsforseveraltopics.
Contact dermatitis is one of the major problems in occupational skin
diseases. This is reflected in the book, where new chapters on occupational
contactdermatitishavebeenwritten:ageneralchapter,whichgivesanover-
viewofthesubject,providescleardefinitionsandgivesvaluableguidancefor
the investigation of patients suspected of occupational contact dermatitis;
followedbyspecificchaptersonthreehigh-riskprofessions.
Thepopulardictionaryofcontactallergensandlistsofpatchtestconcen-
trationshavebeenexpandedandprovidethetoolforevidence-basedinvesti-
gationandinformationofpatientswithcontactdermatitis.
Contact dermatitis is a frequent, disabling and expensive disease. This
brings both primary and secondary prevention in focus of research. A solid
basis has already been established for intervention on a personal, organiza-
tionalandregulatorylevel.Thesignificantlevelofknowledgeintheseareasis
summarised in three new chapters, which also cover therapy, a previous
somewhat neglected subject in the book. Other chapters on different aspects
of prevention have gone through a significant updation and revision. Basic
understandingofpathophysiologywithinthefieldsofgenes,skinbarrierand
chemistryhastakenaleapforwardandthesenewdevelopmentsarereflected
innewandformerchaptersofthebook.
With this edition, Torkil Menné has resigned from the editorial group.
Torkil Menné was one of the initiators of this textbook and has been part of
theeditorialboardsincethen.Theeditorswouldliketoexpresstheirsincere
thankstoTorkilMennéforhisinvaluablecontributionstothebookandtothe
fieldofcontactdermatitisovermanyyears.
The fourth edition was a great success, and even though it seemed an
impossibletasktosurpassit,wethinkwehavedonesowiththefifthedition.
vii
viii PrefacetotheFifthEdition
This has, of course, only been possible with the help of the many great
contributorsandtheeditorsareverygratefultoeachandeveryoneofthem.
Last but not the least, we would like to thank Springer-Verlag for their
excellentsupporttothisproject.
Hellerup,Denmark JeanneDuusJohansen
Dortmund,Germany PeterJ.Frosch
Strasbourg,France Jean-PierreLepoittevin
Contents
Volume 1
1 HistoricalAspectsofContactDermatitis ................ 1
Jean-MarieLachapelle
PartI BasicFeatures ....................................... 11
2 GeneticsandIndividualPredispositionsinContact
Dermatitis ......................................... 13
AxelSchnuchandBeritChristinaCarlsen
3 HistopathologicalandImmunohistopathologicalFeatures
ofIrritantandAllergicContactDermatitis .............. 53
Jean-MarieLachapelleandLilianeMarot
4 IdentificationofAllergensinComplexMixturesand
Products .......................................... 65
ElenaGiménez-Arnau
5 ImmediateContactReactions:Pathomechanismsand
ClinicalPresentation ................................ 79
CliveE.GrattanandVeraMahler
6 MechanismsofIrritantandAllergicContactDermatitis ... 95
StefanF.MartinandCharlotteM.Bonefeld
7 MolecularAspectsinAllergicandIrritantContact
Dermatitis ......................................... 121
Jean-PierreLepoittevinandChristineLafforgue
8 RoleofthePermeabilityBarrierinContactDermatitis .... 139
EhrhardtProkschandJochenBrasch
PartII Dermatoxicology ................................... 157
9 AllergicContactDermatitisinHumans:Experimental
andQuantitativeAspects ............................ 159
MalinGlindvadAhlströmandJeanneDuusJohansen
ix
x Contents
10 PredictiveTestsforIrritantsandAllergens:Human,
Animal,andInVitroTests ........................... 175
DavidA.Basketter,IanKimber,andJanineEzendam
PartIII EpidemiologyandClinicalFeatures ................. 193
11 EpidemiologyofContactDermatitisandContact
Allergy ........................................... 195
WolfgangUterandThomasL.Diepgen
12 ContactAllergyinChildren .......................... 217
AnGoossensandMarie-AnneMorren
13 ClinicalFeaturesofContactDermatitis ................. 241
NielsK.Veien
14 ClinicalAspectsofIrritantContactDermatitis ........... 295
RichardBrans,SwenMalteJohn,andPeterJ.Frosch
15 HandEczema:CausativeFactors,Diagnosis,Personal
andSocietalConsequences ........................... 331
NinaH.Ulrich,JacobP.Thyssen,HiromiMizutani,and
RosemaryL.Nixon
16 ProteinContactDermatitis ........................... 355
AnGoossens,CristinaAmaro,andVeraMahler
17 PhototoxicandPhotoallergicContactReactions .......... 365
MargaridaGonçalo
18 SystemicContactDermatitis .......................... 391
NielsK.Veien
19 NoneczematousContactReactions ..................... 407
AnthonyGoonandChee-LeokGoh
20 RespiratorySymptomsfromFragrancesandtheLink
withDermatitis .................................... 423
JesperElberling
PartIV OccupationalAspects ............................... 433
21 OccupationalContactDermatitis:GeneralAspects ....... 435
PeterJ.Frosch,VeraMahler,ElkeWeisshaar,and
WolfgangUter
22 OccupationalContactDermatitis:ChefsandFood
Handlers .......................................... 453
VeraMahler
23 OccupationalContactDermatitis:Hairdressers .......... 471
RichardBrans,WolfgangUter,SwenMalteJohn,and
MajkenHougaardFoss-Skiftesvik
