Consolidating Democracy: Resilience and Challenges in Indonesia and South Korea

196 Pages·2022·2.75 MB·English

by  Brendan Howe

SECURITY, DEVELOPMENT AND
HUMAN RIGHTS IN EAST ASIA
Consolidating Democracy
Resilience and Challenges in
Indonesia and South Korea
Edited by
Brendan Howe
Security, Development and Human Rights
in East Asia
Series Editor
Brendan Howe, Graduate School of International Studies, Ewha
Womans University, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
This series focuses on the indissoluble links uniting security, development
and human rights as the three pillars of the UN, and the foundation of
global governance. It takes into account how rising Asia has dramati-
cally impacted the three pillars at the national, international and global
levels of governance, but redirects attention, in this most Westphalian of
regions, to human-centered considerations. Projects submitted for inclu-
sion in the series should therefore address the nexus or intersection of
two or more of the pillars at the level of national or international gover-
nance, but with a focus on vulnerable individuals and groups. The series
targets postgraduate students, lecturers, researchers and practitioners of
development studies, international relations, Asian studies, human rights
and international organizations.
Brendan Howe
Editor
Consolidating
Democracy
Resilience and Challenges in Indonesia
and South Korea
Editor
Brendan Howe
Ewha Womans University
Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
ISSN 2947-5104 ISSN 2947-5112 (electronic)
Security, Development and Human Rights in East Asia
ISBN 978-3-031-13283-4 ISBN 978-3-031-13284-1 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13284-1
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer
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This project was supported by a Korea Foundation grant on
“Understanding Democratic Resilience and Challenges: Lessons from
Indonesia and South Korea.” The authors would like to express their
gratitude to the Palgrave Macmillan editorial team, to the reviewers for
their very helpful and constructive comments, and to Dr. Andrew Bosworth
for his copy-editing and proofreading contributions.
Contents
1 Asian Democracy 1
Brendan Howe and Philips J. Vermonte
2 Overcoming Economic Stagnation: Indonesia’s
Struggle Over Policy Reform in a New Democracy 17
Edbert Gani Suryahudaya
3 Democratic Resilience in the Midst of Economic Crisis:
The Case of South Korea 45
Hannah Jun
4 The Resilience of Democracy and Social Movements
in Indonesia 67
Medelina K. Hendytio
5 South Korea’s Progress in Dual Democratization:
Social Conflict and Democratic Integration 85
Brendan Howe and Sang-Jin Han
6 Strategizing Religious Oppression: Christianity
and Indonesia’s Democracy Resilience 111
Vidhyandika Djati Perkasa and Amelinda Bonita Leonard
7 Populism: Does It Support or Undermine Democracy?
A Case Study of Democratic Resilience in South Korea 131
Sang-Jin Han and Young-Hee Shim
vii
viii CONTENTS
8 An East Asian Democratic Miracle? Challenges
and Resilience 159
Brendan Howe
Index 175
List of Contributors
Han Sang-Jin Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
Hendytio Medelina K. Centre for Strategic and International Studies,
Jakarta, Indonesia
Howe Brendan Graduate School of International Studies, Ewha
Womans University, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
Jun Hannah Graduate School of International Studies, Ewha Womans
University, Seoul, South Korea
Leonard Amelinda Bonita Centre for Strategic and International
Studies, Jakarta, Indonesia
Perkasa Vidhyandika Djati Centre for Strategic and International
Studies, Jakarta, Indonesia
Shim Young-Hee Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
Suryahudaya Edbert Gani Centre for Strategic and International
Studies, Jakarta, Indonesia
Vermonte Philips J. Centre for Strategic and International Studies,
Indonesian International Islamic University, Jakarta, Indonesia
ix
Abbreviations
ADB Asian Development Bank
API Aliansi Petani Indonesia
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations
BPJS Badan Pengelola Jaminan Sosial/
BPS Badan Pusat Statistik
BTI Barisan Tani Indonesia
CSIS Centre for Strategic and International Studies
DPR Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (legislative body)
EBS Educational Broadcasting System
EIU Economist Intelligence Unit
FES Friedrich Ebert Stiftung
FIW Freedom Index of the World
FKUB Religious Harmony Forum
FPI Front Pembela Islam
FSPI Federasi Serikat Tani Indonesia
FSPMI Federasi Serikat Pekerja Metal Indonesia
GDP Gross Domestic Product
Gerindra Great Indonesia Movement Party
GKI Gereja Kristen Indonesia
GNI Gross National Income
HKTI Himpunan Kerukunan Tani Indonesia
HTI Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia
ICT Information and Communication Technology
IHCS Indonesian Human Rights Committee for Social Justice
IMF International Monetary Fund
ISA International Sociological Association
xi