Conservative Party-Building in Latin America: Authoritarian Inheritance and Counterrevolutionary Struggle

305 Pages·2021·3.323 MB·English

by  James Loxton

Conservative Party-B uilding
in Latin America

Conservative
Party- Building in
Latin America
Authoritarian Inheritance and
Counterrevolutionary Struggle
JAMES LOXTON
1
3
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Library of Congress Control Number: 2021933381
ISBN 978– 0– 19– 753752– 7
DOI: 10.1093/ oso/ 9780197537527.001.0001
1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2
Printed by Integrated Books International, United States of America
To my mentors

Contents
List of Tables and Figures ix
Preface and Acknowledgments xi
List of Acronyms xv
1. Introduction: The Puzzle of Authoritarian Origins and
Democratic Success 1
2. A Theory of Conservative Party-B uilding 33
3. UDI: From Military Dictatorship to Party-B uilding in Chile 55
4. UCEDE: Argentina’s Long-S ought Mass Conservative Party? 97
5. ARENA: Death Squads and Democratic Success in El Salvador 126
6. PAN: Making Sense of a Political Suicide in Guatemala 166
7. Other Attempts at Conservative Party-B uilding in Latin America 188
8. Conclusion: Party-B uilding, Authoritarian Successor Parties,
and Democracy 217
Bibliography 235
Index 267

List of Tables and Figures
Tables
1.1. UPLA Affiliates Formed since Third Wave (1978–2 010) 16
2.1. Antecedent Conditions for the Emergence of Conservative ASPs 53
3.1. Percentage for UDI and RN in Elections for Chamber of Deputies
(1989– 2017) 56
3.2. Old Right vs. New Right in Elections for Chamber of Deputies 73
4.1. Percentage for UCEDE in Elections for Chamber of Deputies (1983–1 997) 98
5.1. Percentage for ARENA in Elections for Legislative Assembly (1982–2 018) 127
6.1. Percentage for PAN in Elections for Congress (1990–2 015) 167
8.1. Third- Wave Democracies in Latin America and ASPs (1978–2 010) 223
8.2. Prominent ASPs in Third-W ave Latin America 225
Figures
1.1. Conservative parties and authoritarian successor parties 15
1.2. Four cases, three paired comparisons 29
2.1. Model of the argument 39
3.1. Image of military regime by Chilean population (1990–2 003) 76
3.2. Pinochet as one of Chile’s “best presidents” (1996–2 002) 79