Conservation Through Cultural Survival: Indigenous Peoples And Protected Areas

385 Pages·1997·56.941 MB·English

by  Stanley Stevens, Paul Sneed, Bernard Nietschmann, Terry DeLacy Dean, Peter Herlihy

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CONSERVATION
THROUGH
CULTURAL
SURVIVAL
For the earth's surviving indigenous peoples
and for wildness everywhere
CONSERVATION
THROUGH
CULTURAL
SURVIVAL
INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND PROTECTED ARE1-\S
Edited by
Stan Stevens
Withcontributions by
Terry De Lacy andBruce Lawson
PeterEaton
PeterH. Herlihy
Bernard Nietschmann
Paul G. Sneed
ISLAND PRESS
Washington, D.C.• Covelo, California
Copyright © 1997byStanStevens
Allrights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Con
ventions. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any
meanswithoutpermission inwriting fromthe publisher: IslandPress,1718
ConnecticutAvenue,N.W, Suite300, Washington, DC20009.
ISLANDPRESSisatrademarkofThe Center forResourceEconomics.
No copyright claim is made on the followingchapter, as it isa work pro
duced byemployees ofthe Australian federalgovernment: chapter 6, "The
Uluru-Kakadu Model: Joint Management of Aboriginal-Owned National
ParksinAustralia."
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Conservation throughcultural survival:indigenouspeoples and
protected areas/edited byStanStevens
p. em.
Includes bibliographical referencesand index.
ISBN 1-55963-449-9(pbk.: alk.paper)
1.Nature-Effectofhumanbeings on. 2.Indigenouspeoples-Land
tenure. 3. Indigenous peoples-Politicsand government.
4.Environmental protection. 5.Environmentalpolicy:
6.Conservation ofnaturalresources. 7.Natural areas-Government
policy: 1.Stevens,Stan.
GF75.C69 1997
333.7'2-dc21 96-53556
CIP
Printed on recycled,acid-freepaper @
Manufactured in theUnited StatesofAmerica
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Mostusually,national parks or nature reservesweresetasideon the
basis of advice from outsiders. Seldom were the tribal people who
livedon theland consulted, eventhoughtheyhad cared forthewild
plants and animals and had basically maintained the land in a
wilderness condition deemed suitable foranature reserveformany
centuries. Atbest, theywere told somethingabout the government's
plans; at worst they were simply moved out or told they could no
longer use their land fortheir traditional lifestylesor purposes....
Of course, there is a different way to protect biological diversity
and nature. It involves learning the native language of the people
who live in areas that require long-term protection. It involves
spendingalotoftimetalkingwith them, tellingthem your concerns,
goals,and objectives, and listening to theirs. It means seekingwith
them waysinwhich these goalscanbejointly achieved.... Butthis
approach takestimeandpatience.Soforthemostpart, wehavegone
ahead, producing new generations ofpoachers, surroundingnature
reserves with alienated people and generations, instead of embed
dingthemwithin such reservesand encouraging the development of
afriendlyhumanenvironmentofstewardsandprotectors. Butweare
finallybeginning tochange our ways.
-Dasmann, inOldfieldandAlcorn,eds.
Biodiversity: Culture, Conservation, andEcodevelopment

CONTENTS
Maps xi
Tables xiii
Acronyms xv
Acknowledgments xix
Contributors xxi
Introduction 1
PART 1 Protected Areas and Indigenous Peoples 9
CHAPTER 1 The Legacy ofYellowstone 13
StanStevens
CHAPTER 2 New Alliances for Conservation 33
StanStevens
CHAPTER 3 Consultation, Co-management, and 63
Conflictin Sagarmatha (MountEverest)
National Park, Nepal
StanStevens
CHAPTER 4 Indigenous Peoples and Biosphere Reserve 99
Conservationin the Mosquitia Rain Forest
Corridor, Honduras
PeterH. Herlihy
ix