Table Of ContentCONSERVATION OF GREAT PLAINS ECOSYSTEMS:
CURRENT SCIENCE, FUTURE OPTIONS
Ecology, Economy & Environment
VOLUME 5
The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
Conservation of
Great Plains Ecosystems:
Current Science, Future Options
Edited by
S. R. Johnson
Center for Agricultural and Rural Development,
Iowa State University, Ames, U.SA.
and
Aziz Bouzaher
Formerly with the Center for Agricultural and Rural Development,
Iowa State University, Ames, U.SA.;
now at the World Bank, Washington, DC, U.SA.
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS, MEDIA, B.V.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Conservation o f Great Plain s ecosystems : current science , futur e
options / edite d by S.R. Johnson and Azi z Bouzaher.
p. cm . — (Ecology , economy & environment ; v. 5)
Includes index .
ISBN 978-94-010-4196-6 ISBN 978-94-011-0439-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-0439-5
1. Ecosystem management—Great Plains—Congresses .
2. Conservatio n o f natura l resources—Grea t Plains—Congresses .
3. Great Plains—Congresses . I . Johnson. Stephen R. , 1943-
II . Bouzaher, Aziz . III . Series .
QH76.5.G75C56 199 5
333. 7'2'0978—dc2 0 95-3823 0
ISBN 978-94-010-4196-6
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1995
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1995
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
Contents
Introduction xiii
Aziz Bouzaher and S. R. Johnson
Defining and Valuing Ecosystems of the Great Plains
1. History, Environment, and the Future of the Great Plains 3
Dan Flores
2. Ecosystems of the Great Plains: Scales, Kinds, and Distributions 11
W. A. Reiners
3. Valuing Ecosystems and Biodiversity 33
Jason F. Shogren and Thomas D. Crocker
Community and Economic Resources
4. Population Dynamics and Their Implications for the Ecosystems
of the Great Plains 49
Richard Rathge
5. Economic Prospects for the Great Plains 63
Mark Drabenstott
6. Sustaining the Great Plains Ecosystem:
Integrating People, Economics, and the Landscape 83
Robert D. Sop uck
7. Sustainable Rural Economic Development in the Great Plains 97
Margaret G. Thomas
8. Public Infrastructure: Highways 107
Bruce Cannon
v
vi Contents
Climate and Biological Resources
9. Conserving the Biotic Integrity of the Great Plains 121
Fritz L. Knopf and Fred B. Samson
10. Climate and Vegetation in Central North America:
Natural Patterns and Human Alterations 135
John A. Harrington, Jr. and Jay R. Harman
11. Great Plains Climates and Biota: Past, Present, and Future 149
Dexter Hinckley
12. Air Quality, Climate Change, and Their Possible Impacts
on Terrestrial Ecosystems of the North American Great Plains 161
Sagar V. Krupa and Allan H. Legge
Land Resources
13. Conservation, Restoration, and Management
of Great Plains Landscapes 185
Brent 1. Danielson and Erwin E. Klaas
14. Rangeland Ecosystems in the Great Plains: Status and Management 199
M. M. Kothmann
15. Conservation Forestry for Sustainable Great Plains Ecosystems 211
Gerald F. Bratton, Peter R. Schaefer, and James R. Brandle
Water Resources
16. Total Resource Management Plan
for Addressing Groundwater Concerns 231
A.1. Dornbusch, Jr., B. M. Vining, and J. L. Kearney
17. Surface Water: A Critical Resource of the Great Plains 253
Thomas L. Huntzinger
18. The Missouri River: A Formula for Ecosystem Change 275
Donald A. Becker and Richard D. Gorton
Conservation o/Great Plains Ecosystems Vll
Energy and Mineral Resources
19. Energy and Mineral Resources of the Great Plains 301
Kenneth S. Johnson and Charles 1. Mankin
Agriculture in the Great Plains
20. Productivity of Great Plains Soils: Past, Present, and Future 325
G. A. Peterson and C. V. Cole
21. Agricultural Systems and Technologies of the Great Plains 343
Melvin D. Skold
22. Livestock and the Environment: Emerging Issues
for the Great Plains 365
Allan Butcher, Nancy Easterling, Larry Frarey,
Kristin Gill, and Heather Jones
Environmental Management Initiatives
23. Regulatory and Nonregulatory Approaches to Ecosystem Conservation:
Institutions and Funding Mechanisms 393
Brendan Doyle, Peter Kuch, and Robert Wolcott
24. We Get What We Organize For:
Linking Central Bureaucracies to Local Organizations 403
David M. Freeman
25. Conclusions and Recommendations 411
Aziz Bouzaher and S. R. Johnson
List of Contributors 415
SUbject Index 421
Acknowledgments
Planning, orgamzmg, and conducting the symposium, "Conservation of Great Plains
Ecosystems: Current Science, Future Options," April 7-9, 1993, Kansas City, Missouri,
required the cooperation of a number of organizations and individuals who gave un
selfishly of their time and resources. The symposium was sponsored by the U.S. En
vironmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Region VII, the Western Governors' Associa
tion, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Center for Agricultural and Rural
Development (CARD) at Iowa State University. CARD's participation was supported
by a cooperative agreement with USEPA Region VII, under contract No. X 007822-
01-1. Those working through the agreement to develop the symposium were Aziz
Bouzaher and S. R. Johnson, CARD; and Susan Gordon, Kerry Herndon, and Cathy
Tortorici, USEP A Region VII.
We also acknowledge the important contributions of the members of key commit
tees supporting the symposium. The Science Committee identified topics and speakers,
and assisted with developing the major themes of the symposium. The committee mem
bers were Aziz Bouzaher, CARD; Peter Buesseler, Minnesota Department of Natural
Resources; Jo Clark, Western Governors' Association; Dick Gersib, Nebraska Games
and Parks Commission; Kerry Herndon, USEPA Region VII; S. R. Johnson, CARD;
Fritz Knopf, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Hal Salwasser, University of Montana;
Al Steuter, The Nature Conservancy; Margaret Thomas, Midwest Research Institute;
Cathy Tortorici, USEPA Region VII; and John Wilson, USEPA/OPA. The Media
Committee assisted with local arrangements for media representatives and with dis
seminating results from the symposium. Members of the committee were Brian Meyer,
College of Agriculture Information Service, Iowa State University; and Scott Pendelton,
Christian Science Monitor.
The USEP A Region VII office supplied recorders and facilitators who played an
essential role in conducting the symposium and in synthesizing ideas and concepts that
emerged. They were: Craig Bernstein, Mark Bogina, Shellie Brodie, Terry Dean, Roxanne
DiLaura, Marla Downing, Billy Fairless, Bob Fenemore, Kathyleen Fenton, Walt Foster,
Brenda Groskinsky, Gene Gunn, John Helvig, Charles Hensley, Charlie Hensley, Diane
Herschberger, Marian Hess, Chris Hess, Gayle Hoopes, DeWayne Knott, Lynn Kring,
Greg McCabe, Ruben McCullers, Rowena Michaels, Diana Newman, Delores Platt, Bill
Rice, Ron Ritter, Donna Sefton, Larry Shepard, Gerry Shimek, Michele Stewart, Dick
Sumpter, Dave Wagoner, Alan Wehmeyer, Gary Welker, and Steve Wurtz.
At CARD, the staff coordinators for the symposium were Judith Gildner Pim, Jan
Holtkamp, Betty Hempe, and Kathy Gardner. They were responsible for an array of
IX
x Acknowledgments
activities including preparing and distributing the symposium brochure and summary,
and they handled the invitations for participants and local arrangements at the Westin
Crown Center in Kansas City. Production of this book was managed by Jan Nordlund
and Kathy Gardner. We and the authors of the individual chapters worked closely with
Jan and Kathy in preparing this manuscript for publication. The book benefited sig
nificantly from their contribution in improving the organization and presentation of
the material. Donna Fincham and Tom Hiett from Iowa State's Media Graphics unit
prepared camera-ready pages for publication.
-Aziz Bouzaher
S. R. Johnson
Introduction
