Table Of Content

Page 1 Table of Contents Introduction................................................................................................................................24 Overview....................................................................................................................................25 The ESP8266........................................................................................................................26 Maturity.................................................................................................................................26 The specification...................................................................................................................27 ESP8266 Modules.................................................................................................................28 ESP-12.............................................................................................................................28 ESP-1...............................................................................................................................32 Adafruit HUZZAH..............................................................................................................38 NodeMCU devKit..............................................................................................................38 node.IT (aka ESP-210).....................................................................................................40 SparkFun WiFi Shield – ESP8266....................................................................................40 Espresso Lite....................................................................................................................40 Wemos D1........................................................................................................................41 Oak by digistump..............................................................................................................41 Connecting to the ESP8266.......................................................................................................41 WiFi Theory...............................................................................................................................42 AT Command Programming.......................................................................................................44 Commands............................................................................................................................45 Installing the latest AT command processor..........................................................................51 Assembling circuits....................................................................................................................51 USB to UART converters.......................................................................................................51 Breadboards..........................................................................................................................53 Power....................................................................................................................................54 Multi-meter / Logic probe / Logic Analyzer.............................................................................55 Sundry components..............................................................................................................55 Physical construction.............................................................................................................55 Recommended setup for programming ESP8266.................................................................55 Configuration for flashing the device.....................................................................................58 Programming.............................................................................................................................59 Boot mode.............................................................................................................................59 The ESP8266 SDK................................................................................................................60 Include directories.............................................................................................................60 Compiling..............................................................................................................................61 Loading a program into the ESP8266...............................................................................68 Programming environments..............................................................................................72 Compilation tools..............................................................................................................72 ar..................................................................................................................................72 esptool.py.....................................................................................................................72 esptool-ck.....................................................................................................................74 Page 2 gcc...............................................................................................................................77 gen_appbin.py..............................................................................................................77 make............................................................................................................................78 nodemcu-flasher..........................................................................................................79 nm................................................................................................................................80 objcopy.........................................................................................................................81 objdump.......................................................................................................................81 xxd...............................................................................................................................81 Linking...................................................................................................................................81 Flashing over the air – FOTA.................................................................................................83 Debugging.............................................................................................................................86 Logging to UART1............................................................................................................86 Run a Blinky.....................................................................................................................86 Dumping IP Addresses.....................................................................................................88 Exception handling...........................................................................................................88 Using a debugger (GDB)..................................................................................................90 Debugging and testing TCP and UDP connections...........................................................90 Android – Socket Protocol............................................................................................90 Android – UDP Sender/Receiver..................................................................................90 Windows – Hercules....................................................................................................90 Curl..............................................................................................................................91 Eclipse – TCP/MON.....................................................................................................91 httpbin.org....................................................................................................................93 Architecture...........................................................................................................................93 Custom programs.............................................................................................................93 WiFi at startup.......................................................................................................................94 Working with WiFi..................................................................................................................94 Scanning for access points...............................................................................................94 Defining the operating mode.............................................................................................95 Handling WiFi events........................................................................................................96 Station configuration.........................................................................................................97 Connecting to an access point..........................................................................................98 Control and data flows when connecting as a station.......................................................99 Being an access point.......................................................................................................99 The DHCP server...........................................................................................................101 Current IP Address, netmask and gateway.....................................................................101 WiFi Protected Setup – WPS..........................................................................................102 Working with TCP/IP...........................................................................................................102 The espconn architecture...............................................................................................103 TCP................................................................................................................................103 Sending and receiving TCP data................................................................................107 Flow control................................................................................................................109 TCP Error handling.....................................................................................................109 UDP................................................................................................................................110 Page 3 Broadcast with UDP...................................................................................................112 Ping request....................................................................................................................113 Name Service.................................................................................................................113 Multicast Domain Name Systems...................................................................................114 Installing Bonjour........................................................................................................115 Working with SNTP.........................................................................................................117 ESP-NOW...........................................................................................................................118 GPIOs..................................................................................................................................119 Pullup and pull down settings.........................................................................................126 GPIO Interrupt handling..................................................................................................126 Expanding the number of available GPIOs.....................................................................127 ESP_PCF8574 C library.............................................................................................131 PCF8574 JavaScript Library......................................................................................132 Working with I2C.................................................................................................................132 Working with SPI – Serial Peripheral Interface....................................................................135 Hardware SPI.................................................................................................................136 The MetalPhreak/ESP8266_SPI_Driver.....................................................................139 Working with serial..............................................................................................................140 Task handling......................................................................................................................141 Timers and time...................................................................................................................142 Working with memory..........................................................................................................143 Working with flash memory.................................................................................................147 Pulse Width Modulation – PWM..........................................................................................149 Analog to digital conversion.................................................................................................150 Sleep modes.......................................................................................................................152 Watchdog timer...................................................................................................................153 Yielding control...............................................................................................................154 Security...............................................................................................................................155 Mapping from Arduino.........................................................................................................155 Spiffs File System................................................................................................................156 Partner TCP/IP APIs................................................................................................................157 TCP/IP Sockets...................................................................................................................158 Handling errors...............................................................................................................158 Sockets – accept()..........................................................................................................161 Sockets – bind()..............................................................................................................162 Sockets – close()............................................................................................................162 Sockets – closesocket()..................................................................................................162 Sockets – connect()........................................................................................................162 Sockets – fcntl()..............................................................................................................162 Sockets – freeaddrinfo()..................................................................................................163 Sockets – getaddrinfo()...................................................................................................163 Sockets – gethostbyname()............................................................................................163 Sockets – getpeername()................................................................................................163 Sockets – getsockname()...............................................................................................163 Page 4 Sockets – getsockopt()...................................................................................................163 Sockets – inet_ntop()......................................................................................................163 Sockets – inet_pton()......................................................................................................163 Sockets – ioctlsocket()....................................................................................................163 Sockets – listen()............................................................................................................163 Sockets – read().............................................................................................................164 Sockets – recv()..............................................................................................................164 Sockets – recvfrom().......................................................................................................164 Sockets – select()...........................................................................................................164 Sockets – send().............................................................................................................164 Sockets – sendto()..........................................................................................................164 Sockets – setsockopt()....................................................................................................164 Sockets – shutdown().....................................................................................................164 Sockets – socket()..........................................................................................................165 Sockets – write().............................................................................................................165 Socket data structures....................................................................................................165 Sockets – struct sockaddr..........................................................................................165 Sockets – struct sockaddr_in.....................................................................................165 Java Sockets.......................................................................................................................166 WebSockets........................................................................................................................169 A WebSocket browser app..............................................................................................169 FreeRTOS WebSocket...................................................................................................170 Mongoose WebSocket....................................................................................................171 Web Servers........................................................................................................................172 Mongoose.......................................................................................................................172 Programming using Eclipse.....................................................................................................173 Installing the Eclipse Serial terminal....................................................................................176 Web development using Eclipse..........................................................................................182 Programming using the Arduino IDE........................................................................................183 Implications of Arduino IDE support.....................................................................................184 Installing the Arduino IDE with ESP8266 support................................................................185 Tips for working in the Arduino environment........................................................................191 Initialize global classes in setup()....................................................................................191 Invoking Espressif SDK API from a sketch......................................................................191 Exception handling.........................................................................................................192 The SPIFFS file system.......................................................................................................192 The mkspiffs command...................................................................................................192 The architecture of the Arduino IDE support........................................................................193 Building ESP Arduino apps using the Eclipse IDE...............................................................200 Reasons to consider using Eclipse over Arduino IDE.....................................................214 Notes on using the Eclipse Arduino package..................................................................215 Arduino ESP Libraries.........................................................................................................216 The WiFi library...............................................................................................................216 WiFi.begin..................................................................................................................216 Page 5 WiFi.beingSmartConfig..............................................................................................217 WiFi.beginWPSConfig................................................................................................217 WiFi.BSSID................................................................................................................217 WiFi.BSSIDstr............................................................................................................217 WiFi channel..............................................................................................................217 WiFi.config.................................................................................................................217 WiFi.disconnect..........................................................................................................218 WiFi.encryptionType...................................................................................................218 WiFi.gatewayIP..........................................................................................................218 WiFi.getNetworkInfo...................................................................................................218 WiFi.hostByName......................................................................................................219 WiFi.hostname...........................................................................................................219 WiFi.isHidden.............................................................................................................219 WiFi.localIP................................................................................................................219 WiFi.macAddress.......................................................................................................219 WiFi.mode..................................................................................................................219 WiFi.printDiag.............................................................................................................220 WiFi.RSSI...................................................................................................................220 WiFi.scanComplete....................................................................................................220 WiFi.scanDelete.........................................................................................................221 WiFi.scanNetworks.....................................................................................................221 WiFi.smartConfigDone...............................................................................................221 WiFi.softAP................................................................................................................221 WiFi.softAPConfig......................................................................................................222 WiFi.softAPdisconnect...............................................................................................222 WiFi.softAPmacAddress.............................................................................................222 WiFi.softAPIP.............................................................................................................222 WiFi.SSID...................................................................................................................222 WiFi.status.................................................................................................................222 WiFi.stopSmartConfig................................................................................................223 WiFi.subnetMask........................................................................................................223 WiFi.waitForConnectResult........................................................................................223 WiFiClient.......................................................................................................................223 WiFiClient...................................................................................................................223 WiFiClient.available....................................................................................................223 WiFiClient.connect.....................................................................................................224 WiFiClient.connected.................................................................................................224 WiFiClient.flush..........................................................................................................224 WiFiClient.getNoDelay...............................................................................................224 WiFiClient.peek..........................................................................................................224 WiFiClient.read...........................................................................................................224 WiFiClient.remoteIP...................................................................................................224 WiFiClient.remotePort................................................................................................225 WiFiClient.setLocalPortStart......................................................................................225 Page 6 WiFiClient.setNoDelay...............................................................................................225 WiFiClient.status........................................................................................................225 WiFiClient.stop...........................................................................................................225 WiFiClient.stopAll.......................................................................................................225 WiFiClient.write..........................................................................................................225 WiFiServer......................................................................................................................226 WiFiServer.................................................................................................................226 WiFiServer.available...................................................................................................226 WiFiServer.begin........................................................................................................226 WiFiServer.getNoDelay..............................................................................................226 WiFiServer.hasClient..................................................................................................226 WiFiServer.setNoDelay..............................................................................................226 WiFiServer.status.......................................................................................................226 WiFiServer.write.........................................................................................................226 IPAddress.......................................................................................................................227 ESP8266WebServer.......................................................................................................227 ESP8266WebServer..................................................................................................229 ESP8266WebServer.arg............................................................................................230 ESP8266WebServer.argName...................................................................................230 ESP8266WebServer.args..........................................................................................230 ESP8266WebServer.begin.........................................................................................230 ESP8266WebServer.client.........................................................................................230 ESP8266WebServer.handleClient..............................................................................230 ESP8266WebServer.hasArg......................................................................................230 ESP8266WebServer.method......................................................................................231 ESP8266WebServer.on.............................................................................................231 ESP8266WebServer.onFileUpload............................................................................231 ESP8266WebServer.onNotFound..............................................................................231 ESP8266WebServer.send..........................................................................................232 ESP8266WebServer.sendContent.............................................................................232 ESP8266WebServer.sendHeader..............................................................................232 ESP8266WebServer.setContentLength.....................................................................232 ESP8266WebServer.streamFile.................................................................................232 ESP8266WebServer.upload.......................................................................................232 ESP8266WebServer.uri.............................................................................................232 ESP8266mDNS library...................................................................................................233 MDNS.addService......................................................................................................233 MDNS.begin...............................................................................................................233 MDNS.update.............................................................................................................233 I2C – Wire.......................................................................................................................233 Wire.available.............................................................................................................234 Wire.begin..................................................................................................................234 Wire.beginTransmission.............................................................................................235 Wire.endTransmission................................................................................................235 Page 7 Wire.flush...................................................................................................................235 Wire.onReceive..........................................................................................................235 Wire.onReceiveService..............................................................................................235 Wire.onRequest.........................................................................................................236 Wire.onRequestService..............................................................................................236 Wire.peek...................................................................................................................236 Wire.pins....................................................................................................................236 Wire.read...................................................................................................................236 Wire.requestFrom......................................................................................................237 Wire.setClock.............................................................................................................237 Wire.write...................................................................................................................237 Ticker library...................................................................................................................237 Ticker.........................................................................................................................238 attach.........................................................................................................................238 attach_ms..................................................................................................................238 detach........................................................................................................................238 once...........................................................................................................................239 once_ms....................................................................................................................239 EEPROM library.............................................................................................................239 EEPROM.begin..........................................................................................................239 EEPROM.commit.......................................................................................................239 EEPROM.end.............................................................................................................239 EEPROM.get..............................................................................................................240 EEPROM.getDataPtr..................................................................................................240 EEPROM.put..............................................................................................................240 EEPROM.read...........................................................................................................240 EEPROM.write...........................................................................................................240 SPIFFS...........................................................................................................................240 SPIFFS.begin.............................................................................................................240 SPIFFS.open..............................................................................................................241 SPIFFS.openDir.........................................................................................................241 SPIFFS.remove..........................................................................................................241 SPIFFS.rename.........................................................................................................241 File.available..............................................................................................................241 File.close....................................................................................................................242 File.flush.....................................................................................................................242 File.name...................................................................................................................242 File.peek....................................................................................................................242 File.position................................................................................................................242 File.read.....................................................................................................................242 File.seek.....................................................................................................................242 File.size......................................................................................................................243 File.write.....................................................................................................................243 Dir.fileName................................................................................................................243 Page 8 Dir.next.......................................................................................................................243 Dir.open......................................................................................................................243 Dir.openDir.................................................................................................................243 Dir.remove..................................................................................................................243 Dir.rename..................................................................................................................243 ESP library......................................................................................................................243 ESP.deepSleep..........................................................................................................243 ESP.eraseConfig........................................................................................................244 ESP.getBootMode......................................................................................................244 ESP.getBootVersion...................................................................................................244 ESP.getChipId............................................................................................................244 ESP.getCpuFreqMHz.................................................................................................244 ESP.getCycleCount....................................................................................................244 ESP.getFlashChipId...................................................................................................244 ESP.getFlashChipMode.............................................................................................244 ESP.getFlashChipRealSize........................................................................................244 ESP.getFlashChipSize...............................................................................................244 ESP.getFlashChipSizeByChipId.................................................................................244 ESP.getFlashChipSpeed............................................................................................245 ESP.getFreeHeap.......................................................................................................245 ESP.getFreeSketchSpace..........................................................................................245 ESP.getResetInfo.......................................................................................................245 ESP.getResetInfoPtr...................................................................................................245 ESP.getSdkVersion....................................................................................................245 ESP.getSketchSize.....................................................................................................245 ESP.getVcc................................................................................................................245 ESP.reset...................................................................................................................245 ESP.restart.................................................................................................................245 ESP.updateSketch......................................................................................................246 ESP.wdtDisable..........................................................................................................246 ESP.wdtEnable...........................................................................................................246 ESP.wdtFeed..............................................................................................................246 String library....................................................................................................................247 Constructor.................................................................................................................247 String.c_str.................................................................................................................247 String.reserve.............................................................................................................247 String.length...............................................................................................................247 String.concat..............................................................................................................247 String.equalsIgnoreCase............................................................................................247 String.startsWith.........................................................................................................247 String.endsWith..........................................................................................................248 String.charAt..............................................................................................................248 String.setCharAt.........................................................................................................248 String.getBytes...........................................................................................................248 Page 9 String toCharArray.....................................................................................................248 String.indexOf............................................................................................................248 String.lastIndexOf.......................................................................................................248 String.substring..........................................................................................................248 String.replace.............................................................................................................248 String.remove.............................................................................................................248 String.toLowerCase....................................................................................................248 String.toUpperCase....................................................................................................248 String.trim...................................................................................................................249 String.toInt..................................................................................................................249 String.toFloat..............................................................................................................249 Programming with JavaScript..................................................................................................249 Smart.js...............................................................................................................................250 Smart.js GPIO.................................................................................................................251 Setting up an HTTP server.............................................................................................252 Debugging......................................................................................................................253 Espruino..............................................................................................................................254 Building Espruino-ESP....................................................................................................254 Writing network socket applications using Espruino........................................................254 Writing a REST client using Espruino.........................................................................254 Writing a Web Server using Espruino.........................................................................255 Working with I2C and JavaScript....................................................................................256 Debugging JavaScript.....................................................................................................257 Editing JavaScript...........................................................................................................257 Core JavaScript capabilities............................................................................................258 Running code at intervals...........................................................................................258 Working with GPIO.....................................................................................................259 SPI.............................................................................................................................259 Programming with Lua.............................................................................................................260 ESPlorer IDE.......................................................................................................................260 GPIO with Lua.....................................................................................................................260 WiFi with Lua.......................................................................................................................261 Networking with Lua............................................................................................................261 Programming with Basic..........................................................................................................261 Integration with Web Apps.......................................................................................................261 REST Services....................................................................................................................261 REST protocol................................................................................................................262 ESP8266 as a REST client.............................................................................................262 Making a REST request using Mongoose..................................................................262 ESP8266 as a REST service provider............................................................................262 Tasker..................................................................................................................................263 AutoRemote........................................................................................................................263 DuckDNS............................................................................................................................265 Mobile apps.............................................................................................................................266 Page 10

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Introduction. Howdy Folks,. I've been working in the software business for over 30 years but until recently, hadn't been playing directly with Micro Processors. When I bought a Raspberry PI and then an Arduino, I'm afraid I got hooked. In my house I am surrounded by computers of all shapes, sizes a
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Introduction. Howdy Folks,. I've been working in the software business for over 30 years but until recently, hadn't been playing directly with Micro Processors. When I bought a Raspberry PI and then an Arduino, I'm afraid I got hooked. In my house I am surrounded by computers of all shapes, sizes a

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