Conjunctions and Interjections in Modern Standard Arabic

186 Pages·2019·0.974 MB·English

by  Abdulkareem Said Ramadan

CONJUNCTIONS AND
INTERJECTIONS IN MODERN
STANDARD ARABIC
Conjunctions and Interjections in Modern Standard Arabic is a grammar for Modern
Standard Arabic introducing conjunctions and interjections from the most basic to
the most advanced, with drills for each grammatical point. Skill in the use of con-
junctions and interjections is essential for acquiring proficiency in expressing rela-
tionships of causation, order, time sequence and other relationships among events
and ideas.
Each chapter presents the grammar of conjunctions and interjections in clearly
organized tables with examples of each use. An additional section presents multiple
drills for practice and functional use.
Aimed as a textbook for students for all four years of university Arabic, and for
independent learners.
Abdulkareem Said Ramadan is Associate Professor of Arabic, Gettysburg Col-
lege, Pennsylvania. He earned his PhD in Arabic and Applied Linguistics at the
University of Damascus where he also earned an MA in Arabic Syntax and Mor-
phology and a BA in Arabic Language and Literature. He was the coordinator of
the Arabic program at the Arabic Language Center at the University of Damascus,
where he taught Arabic as a second language. He has taught at the Middlebury
College Arabic School, Washington University in St Louis, and the University of
Virginia, where he coordinated the Arabic program.
Routledge Aspects of Arabic Grammar
Conjunctions and Interjections in Modern Standard Arabic
Abdulkareem Said Ramadan
For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/l anguages/
series/ RAAG
CONJUNCTIONS
AND INTERJECTIONS
IN MODERN
STANDARD ARABIC
Abdulkareem Said Ramadan
ةيبرعلا ةغللا يف لاعفلأا ءامسأو طبرلا تاودأ
ناضمر ديس ميركلا دبع
First published 2019
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2019 Abdelkareem Said Ramadan
The right of Abdelkareem Said Ramadan to be identified as author of this
work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of
the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or
registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation
without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing- in- Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested
ISBN: 978-1-138-29603-9 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-138-29604-6 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-10029-6 (ebk)
Typeset in Bembo and Noto Naskh Arabic
by Apex CoVantage, LLC
CONTENTS
Acknowledgments vii
Introduction 1
1 Conjunction/ syndetic coordination 5
فطعلا
2 Addition 13
ةفاضلإا
3 Simile 21
هيبشتلا
4 Specification 27
صيصختلا
5 Amendment particle/ disjunctive 33
كاردتسلاا
6 Necessity 39
موزللاو بوجولا
7 Order/ assorting 45
بيترتلا
8 Possibility 53
ةيناكملإا
9 Relative pronoun 61
لوصوملا مسلاا
10 Time and continuity 69
ةيرارمتسلااو نامزلا
11 Tools/ means 79
لئاسولاو تاودلأا
vi Contents
12 The circumstantial accusative/ adverb of manner 87
لاحلا
13 Reason and reasoning 93
ليلعتلاو ببسلا
14 Exception 101
ءانثتسلاا
15 Comparison 107
ةنراقملا
16 Emphasis 113
ديكوتلا
17 Selection/ preference 121
رييختلا
18 Negation repetition 127
يفنلا راركت
19 Surprise/ suddenness 133
ةأجافملا
20 Miscellaneous 139
تاقرفتم
21 Interjections 147
لاعفلأا ءامسأ
22 Answer key 155
تاباجلإا
Glossary 176
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I would like to give my sincerest thanks to my family and to Lisa Portmess and
Kate Landis for their help and support. My special thanks go to my colleagues Hus-
sein Elkhafaifi, Mohammad Alhawary, Y ounasse Tarbouni and Miled Faiza for their
comments and suggestions. I am grateful to the Routledge team, Andrea Hartill,
Zoe Meyer, Autumn Spalding and Claire Margerison, for their help and coopera-
tion at all stages of this work. I also thank the anonymous reviewers for their careful
reading and comments.

INTRODUCTION
This book aims to present conjunctions and interjections in Modern Standard
Arabic for second language learners of Arabic by clear, accessible explanations and
examples. The purpose of this work is to help students understand the role of con-
junctions and interjections so that they acquire greater proficiency in the logic of
sentence and paragraph construction.
Conjunctions and interjections are essential to learning Arabic as a second lan-
guage. When conjunctions are understood and used correctly, they significantly
improve the level of language proficiency by enhancing a student’s capacity for
more complex expression. Such capacity helps students avoid reliance on discon-
nected sentences in which the logic of relationships among statements remains
undefined. Students then are able to express relationships of causation, order, time
sequence, exception, preferences and other relationships among events and ideas.
Interjections, which express the emotion or sentiment of the speaker, are essen-
tial to style and emotional expression in both spoken and written Arabic. For sec-
ond language learners the mastery of interjections is therefore a crucial element in
acquiring proficiency.
This book takes as its primary purpose the development of greater proficiency
in understanding and using conjunctions and interjections, which allows for greater
fluency in expressing complex ideas and relationships, as well as the emotions of
the speaker or writer.
This book contains 21 units divided according to the specific functions of con-
junctions and interjections. Each unit introduces the proper use of the conjunction
or interjection in a clear chart, followed by examples that illustrate the conjunction
or interjection in different contexts.
Each explanation of the use of a conjunction or interjection is followed by a
series of six exercises. The first and second exercises enhance the student’s under-
standing of the conjunctions and interjections, the first by asking students to fill in