Table Of ContentSPIXIANA 163-171 München, 01. Juli 2002 ISSN 0341-8391
Inouea, gen. nov., a new genus from the Philippines,
with the type species I. cyclobalia (West, 1929),
and two new species
(Insecta, Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae)
Dieter Stüning & Axel Hausmann
Stüning, D. & A. Hausmann (2002): Inouea, gen. nov., anew genus from the
Philippines, with the type species I. cyclobalia West, 1929, and two new species.
4 Spixiana 25/2: 163-171
The genus Inouea is described with the type species I. cyclobalia (West, 1929),
comb. nov. from the Philippines. Diagnostic differences in habitus, male and
female genitalia distinguish two further new species from the Philippines,
I. hiroshii, spec. nov. and I. colini, spec. nov. The larvae and the host-plants
remain unknown. Holotypes are deposited in the coll. Treadaway and will later
on be transferred to the SNG.
Dr. Dieter Stüning, Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexan-
der Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany;
e-mail: [email protected]
Dr. Axel Hausmann, Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausen-
straße 21, D-81247 München, Germany;
e-mail: [email protected]
Introduction Abbreviations and Conventions
The description of the first red-coloured Abrax- CGT: Private collection C. G. Treadaway,
as species (Stüning & Hausmann 2002, see above Limbach, Germany.
in this journal), was the starting point to study SNG: Senckenberg-Museum, Frankfurt am
more in depth additional material of similar Main.
habitus. Some taxa that, superficially, were rem- ZFMK: Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und
iniscent of the newly described Abraxas species Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn.
were found in the coll. C. G. Treadaway, Lim-
bach. Detailed study, however, revealed, that Forewing length is measured as straight line
these taxa belong to a group that is not closely between base and apex of wing. Most of the
related phylogenetically. It was furthermore examined material is from coll. Colin G. Tread-
quite surprising to determine, that 8Abraxas9 away, Limbach, Germany. Types, unless stated
cyclobalia West, until now regarded to be a true otherwise, will be returned to this collection
Abraxas species, belongs also to the species which, in due time, will become part of the
group, which is described below as the new SNG collection, Frankfurt a.M., Germany.
genus Inouea.
163
transverse vein between R2 and R3+R4 some-
times also lacking. Origin of M2 closer to MI
than M3. Fovea absent.
Abdomen. Yellowish or reddish, with rows
of black spots. Cavi tympani large, globular,
without lacinia. Group of setae present on ster-
nite A3, but weakly developed. Genital mem-
brane loosely covered with hair-shaped scales.
d genitalia. Uncus stout, slightly curved
ventrad, tapered at tip, bill-shaped from lateral
view. Gnathos absent. Valva with strongly di-
lated costa, with stout bristles, distally tapering
to 1-2 thorn-shaped processi. Costa with short
stout setae over the whole length. Central part
of valva (lamina) reduced to rounded lobe, cov-
ered at the outer part by modified, elongate,
stout scales. Sacculus separate from valva,
strongly sclerotized, with dorsal tooth. Aedea-
gus. Vesica everting dorsad, basally slightly
dilated, with three large multiple toothed cor-
nuti.
Q genitalia. Bursa posteriorly stronger scle-
rotized, anteriorly membranous, with sclero-
tized transverse fold (signum). Ductus bursae
reduced, colliculum directly connected to cor-
pus bursae, ductus seminalis arising between.
Colliculum posteriorly with long furcate ven-
Fig. 1. Venation of Inouea cyclobalia West.
tral process, dorsally projecting in a rounded,
worm-shaped, distally dorsad curved process.
Dorsal process usually longer than ventral. La-
Systematic account
mella antevaginalis membranous, voluminous,
Inouea Stüning, gen. nov. partially sclerotized. Lamella postvaginalis
membranous, furrowed, densely covered with
Type species: Abraxas cyclobalia West, 1929. scales.
Diagnosis. Medium sized, reminiscent to Abra- Distribution. All three known species endem-
xas, ground colour whitish or reddish, with ic to Philippines.
dark grey or black spots. d antennae simple,
Derivatio nominis. Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Hiroshi
broad dorso-ventrally, flat laterally, homoge-
Inoue on his 85" birthday.
nously ciliate-setose, with short, fine setae and
one stout distal 8sensillum styloconicum9 ateach
antennomer. ? antennae similar, flagellum more Inouea cyclobalia (West), comb. nov.
rounded in sectional view. Palpi prominent, Eies?2-5, 1,2147215
distal segment very small. Proboscis stoutly
developed. Spur formula of tibiae 0-2-4 (S?),
Types: BMNH, London, 1g, 12.
hindtibia of d dilated, with pencil. Venation
(Fig. 1): R1 and R2 long stalked, R1 anastomos- Type-locality: Philippine Is., Luzon Is., subprov.
ing with Sc, R2 connected to stalk of R3+R4 by Benguet, Baguio, Trinidad, 4800 ft.
short transversal branch. Common stalk of R3- Examined Material: 639, 422, Philipp., N. Luzon,
R5 arising far from upper cell apex, approached Ifugao, Mt. Polis, 1600-2000 m (colln ZFMK, CGT,
to origin of RI+R2. Length of anastomosis of R1 Schaarschmidt/Phyllodrom); 2?2?, W. Mindanao,
and Sc varying individually and between spe- Misamis occ., Jimenez, Mt. Malindang, 1000m
(CGT).
cies, terminal part of Sc sometimes lacking, the
164
Diagnosis. Length of forewing d 20-21 mm, tant and, probably, well isolated from the popu-
2 21-24 mm. West (1929) gives exact and de- lations of Luzon. More material, especially
tailed description of habitus. Compared with males, is needed to clarify their taxonomic sta-
the females of the following species that are tus.
also coloured with black and white I. cyclobalia
is characterised as follows: Wings more round- Biology and Bionomy. Immature stages un-
ed, cell spots round, of equal size on both wings, known. Flight period: February, May, June,
dark terminal fascia distinctly interrupted in August, November.
forewing, terminal spots of hindwing sickle-
Distribution. Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao
shaped, tergite Al clear white. Both ? from
(first record for the latter).
Mindanao externally well matching habitus of
specimens from Luzon.
Abdomen. ? with tergite A7 very large,
Inouea hiroshii Stüning, spec. nov.
twice size of sternite A7. Cavi tympani (3?) not
Figs 6-8, 12, 16
globular.
d genitalia (Fig. 11). Costa of valva strong-
Types. Holotype: d, Philippinen, W. Mindanao,
ly dilated, with some setae, distally with two
Misamis occ., Jimenez, Mt. Malindang 800 m, 6.ii.
stout, thorn-shaped processi with some further
1988, local collector (Coll. CGT, later transferred to
small teeth at or between them. Tip of costa
SNG). 4 Paratypes. 27%, type-locality, 800 m, 6.ii.,
narrower and more tapering than in the other 12.11.1988 (Coll. CGT, later transferred to SNG).
species. Lobus at central part of valva with
brush of elongate, stout scales. Sacculus with Description
sharp ventral longitudinal edge, apically pro- Length of forewing d 18 mm, ? 19-21 mm.
jecting to tapered process. Dorsal tooth longer Ground colour of d deep orange red, markings
than in related species. Aedeagus comparative- black, with slight bluish tinge at oblique illumi-
ly short and thick, vesica with two very large nation. Forewing costa black, irregularly bor-
and one smaller cornuti, with smaller teeth at dered towards wing area. Terminal area of
their base. forewing black, very broad, submarginal row
? genitalia (Figs 14, 15). Corpus bursae sub- of spots fused to marginal, with rest of ground
rectangulate, anteriorly tapered to a process on colour interposed. Postmedial 8line9 dissolved
the left side. Posterior third slightly sclerotized, to large spot near inner margin, medial spot
stiff, comparatively smooth. Anterior part mem- fused to terminal fascia and crescent-shaped
branous. Transverse folding dark brown scle- curved costal spot both fused with terminal
rotized, close to dorsal process. Ductus bursae and costal fasciae. Cell spot of medium size,
reduced or vestigial. Colliculum large, dark oval, with similar spot below cell and a third,
brown, with ventral process Y-shaped, dorsal smaller one near inner margin of wing basis.
process much longer. Lamella antevaginalis Hindwing with marginal and submarginal rows
with two oblique, granulose, subventral patch- of spots less fused and larger areas of ground
es. Lamella postvaginalis membranous, fur- colour between. Postmedial 8line9 dissolved to
rowed, densely covered by scales, distally with wedge-shaped costal spot, medial spot close to
two lateral appendices. Ovipositor oval, elon- termen and elongate spot near inner margin.
gate. Length of apophyses anteriores about Cell spot absent on hindwing. Basis of hind-
once, of apophyses posteriores twice length of wing black, one further small spot at % of anal
ovipositor. One ? examined from Mindanao margin. Underside similar to upperside. An-
with many genitalic differences (Fig. 15): Shape tennae black, frons dark brown, with central,
of corpus bursae different, tapering process aris- dorsoventral yellow streak, lower third yellow.
ing medially, colliculum longer and narrower Palpi dark brown, yellow at base. Thorax yel-
with ventral process of different shape, ovipos- low with dark brown spots. Hindtibia dilated,
itor more elongate and distally tapering, apo- dark grey, with light grey pencil. Abdomen
physes posteriores much longer. These consid- yellow, with row of large black central spots on
erable differences suggest the populations of the tergites, getting larger posteriorly, last
Mindanao to be different at rank of subspecies tergites almost completely black. Rows of black
or sister species, as they are geographically dis- spots also laterally and ventrally.
165
Fig. 5. Inouea cyclobalia (West), ?, Mindanao.
d genitalia (Fig. 12). Costa of valva dilated,
but less than in I. cyclobalia, outwardly curved,
with many setae, distally with only one stout,
thorn-shaped, inwardly curved process. Tip of
costa stouter and more rounded than in I. cyclo-
balia narrower and more tapering than in the
next species. Central part of valva less reduced,
without lobus and with less modified scales.
Sacculus tender and shorter, without ventral
edge, apically rounded, dorsal tooth weaker.
Aedeagus comparatively long and slender, vesi-
ca near ductus with projecting, distally dentate
appendix. Two further rows of teeth at the base
of (everted) vesica.
? genitalia (Fig. 16). Corpus bursae elon-
gate. Sclerotized posterior part elongate oval,
longitudinally furrowed. Anterior, membra-
nous part sub-rectangulate, without tapered
process. Transverse folding (signum) similar to
that of I. cyclobalia, but in ventral position. Duc-
tus bursae reduced. Colliculum not brown as in
Ra = I. cyclobalia, much less sclerotized, with ventral
Figs 2-4. Inouea cyclobalia (West), Luzon. 2-3. 6, 4. ©, process strongly dilated, dorsal process stout,
but only slightly exceeding ventral process. La-
mella antevaginalis membranous, with only one
? with ground colour white, pattern similar
large, rounded, granulose, central patch. La-
to d, but cell spots larger, more rounded, present mella postvaginalis membranous, without fur-
also on hindwing, forewing spot below cell
rows or appendices. Ovipositor oval. Length of
larger, rounded, medial spot of postmedial :line8
apophyses posteriores three times length of
larger. Colouration of body and palpi similar to
ovipositor.
that of d, frons yellow with two lateral black
spots. One examined ? with black markings
Biology and Bionomy. Immature stages un-
reduced, thus terminal and subterminal rows known. Habitat. Primary forest at about 800 m
of spots better separated.
above sea-level. Flight period: February.
Abdomen. Cavi tympani large, sub-globu-
lar, without lacinia. Sternite A3 with patch of Distribution. Philippines: western Mindanao.
about 15 weak setae. Apodemes between tergites
Derivatio nominis. Dedicated to Prof. Hiroshi In-
Al and A2 narrow, in ? curved, claw-shaped. oue on his 85" birthday.
166
6 y£
Figs 6-7. Inouea hiroshii, spec. nov., Holotype, d, upper side (6) and under side (7), Mindanao.
Inouea colini Stüning, spec. nov.
Figs 9-10, 13, 17
Types. Holotype; 6, Philippinen, Negros or., Ala-
basi, Mt. Canla-on 1500 m, 6.xii.1976, local collector
(Coll. CGT, later transferred to SNG). 4 Paratypen:
13, id., 4000 ft., 10.v.1976; 14, id., nr. Mambucal,
9.1x.1985; 238, id., 3.1.2000; 14, id., 20.vi.2001; 1%,
id., 11.vi.1995 (Coll. CGT, later transferred to SNG,
13 in coll. ZFMK,).
Description
Length of forewing d 18-20 mm, ? 21 mm.
Ground colour of d orange red, slighly lighter Fig. 8. Inouea hiroshii, spec. nov., Paratype, 9, Minda-
than in the preceding species. Markings black. nao.
Forewing costa black, irregularly bordered to-
wards wing area, broader than in 1. hiroshii. to costa and terminal fascia. Spot below cell
Terminal area of forewing black, very broad, round, smaller than in 1. hiroshii, at more distal
extended all over distal half of wing and in- position. Antemedial line reduced to oblique
cluding also submarginal row of spots (rarely streak at the inner margin of the wing basis.
with scarce rest of ground colour visible be- Hindwing with broad terminal fascia, though
tween spots). Cell spot large, oval, usually fused
Fig. 10. Inouea colini, spec. nov., Paratype, ?, Ne-
Fig. 9. Inouea colini, spec. nov., Paratype, d, Negros. gros.
167
not including postmedial row of spots, the lat- Lamella antevaginalis as in 1. hiroshii, but scler-
ter consisting of a broad costal spot and an otised medial patch narrower and distally ta-
elongate spot at anal margin. Small cell spot pering. Lamella postvaginalis membranous.
usually present. Additional spot small at about Ovipositor stouter, longer, distally tapering,
1 of anal margin, usually divided. Underside densely setose.
similar to upperside. Antennae black. Palpi and
frons black or dark brown, the latter with or- Biology and Bionomy. Immature stages un-
ange transverse line of variable width. Parts of known. Habitat. Primary mountain forest from
tegulae orange, rest of thorax and abdomen 1300 to 1500 m above sea-level. Flight period:
deep yellow with black spots, last segment and January, May, June, September, December,
ventral side almost completely black. Legs black. probably occurring in all months of the year.
Hind tibia dilated, with light grey pencil.
Distribution. Philippines: Negros.
@ much resembling that of 1. hiroshii, slight-
ly larger, rows of spots less fused. Forewing Derivatio nominis. Dedicated to Colin G. Treada-
with distinct, large, sub-rectangular spot be- way, Limbach, for the kind loan of material and the
tween M2 and CuAl. Cell spots slightly larger donation of paratypes.
and rather oval, spots below cell smaller, irreg-
ularly shaped. Cell spots of hindwing comma-
shaped, much smaller than those of 1. hiroshii. Discussion
Body light yellow, with black spots. Dorsal half
Species of the new genus Inouea differ from 4
of frons black, ventral deep yellow. Palpi dark
grey, with some yellow scales between the first only superficially similar 4 species of Abraxas
Leach (subgenus Calospilos Hübner) in such a
two segments. Tegulae deep yellow at base,
large number of basal characters, that it is not
distally black.
Abdomen. 2 tergite A7 smaller than in possible to consider both being closely related,
I. cyclobalia, slightly larger than sternite A7. Cavi not even to place Inouea into the tribe Abraxini.
Ample material for comparison has been pro-
tympani very large, sub-globular, tympanum
vided by the work of H. Inoue himself who
small.
always focussed on Geometridae and within
d genitalia (Fig. 13). Very similar to those
them on the genus Abraxas Leach. He has stud-
of I. hiroshii. Costa of valva dilated, but less
than in I. hiroshii, only slightly curved outward- ied and revised, in the course of the last three
ly, with many setae, distal thorn-shaped proc- decades, a major part of the East Asian species
ess shorter, less curved inwardly. Tip of costa of this genus (see Inoue 1970, 1972, 1984, 1987,
1994, 1995) and described more than 30 species
still shorter, broader and more rounded than in
I. hiroshii. Central part of valva less outwardly as new to science. However, the Indo-Malayan
Archipelago has not so far been studied by
curved, near sacculus with strongly sclerotized
him. Ample material of Abraxas of this region
longitudinal fold (absent in 1. hiroshii), ventral
has been accumulated during the last decade in
part of costa angled at base. Sacculus exceeding
even central part. Aedeagus slightly stouter, the collections of ZSM (Sumatra; coll. Herbulot:
Sulawesi, Molukkas), coll. M. D. Sommerer,
basal rows of teeth stouter, but shorter, termi-
Munich (Sumatra), coll. C. G.Treadaway, Lim-
nal appendix shorter.
bach (Philippines), coll. M. Schaarschmidt, Leip-
? genitalia (Fig. 17). Corpus bursae elon-
zig (Phyliodrom Soc.; N. Guinea, Philippines,
gate. Posterior part curved, only weakly sclero-
tised, almost without longitudinal wrinkles. Sulawesi), ZFMK (Philippines, Sulawesi, Mo-
lukkas etc.) and preliminary investigations have
Anterior part rounded, membranous. Trans-
verse folding (signum) similar to that of 1. hiro- been carried out. As an initial result, the spec-
tacular, red Abraxas (Calospilos) breuer! Stüning
shii, in ventral position close ti tip of bursa.
& Hausmann has been described from Mind-
Ductus bursae reduced. Colliculum as in I. hiro-
anao, Philippines. In the geographical region
shii. Ventral process of colliculum strongly di-
mentioned above species of the subgenus Ca-
lated at base, roof-shaped angled, large and
lospilos Hübner occur exclusively, reaching N.
broad lateral parts at obliquely dorsad posi-
Guinea with several and even Australia with
tion, with roof-shaped longitudinal edge. Dor-
sal process stout, as long as ventral process. one species.
168
A surprising phenomenon in this region is tionable, too. It does not belong to the Abraxini,
that a number of species 4 several of them as mentioned above, nor to the other tribes of
being still undescribed 4 change from the usual Ennominae defined by Holloway [1994], ex-
coloration of Calospilos as known from main- cept the Boarmiini. Therefore it is tentatively
land Asia (and Europe) to a mere black & white placed here. The Boarmiini, however, are prob-
pattern, combined with a day-active habit (typ- ably a polyphyletic tribe and it will be up to
ical species: A. (C.) triseriaria Herrich-Schäffer, future studies to elucidate the real relationship
[1855]). Thus, they have obviously achieved of the genera included.
becoming members of a successful mimicry-
ring, together with other poisonous or distaste-
ful species of different families (Arctiidae, Acknowledgements
Nyctemerinae; Zygaenidae, Chalcosiinae, ge-
nus Corma Walker). A number of non-poison- We are grateful to Mr. C. G. Treadaway, and M.
ous, unprotected species are known to benefit Schaarschmidt, for loan of material. R. Trusch
from this situation by exhibiting surprisingly helped with digital fotographs of genitalia.
similar pattern and coloration. The black &
white species of Inouea fit into this model,
though it is unknown if they themselves are Zusammenfassung
poisonous or if they are imitators. The occur-
Die Gattung Inouea mit der Typusart I. cyclobalia
rence of reddish males - also seen in A. (C.)
West, 1929), comb. nov., von den Philippinen wird
breueri, but in both sexes 4 cannot be explained
beschrieben. Auf der Basis deutlicher Differen-
satisfactorily at present. This highly aposemat-
tialmerkmale in Habitus, d und 2% Genitalien wer-
ic coloration may provide a better protection
den zwei weitere Arten von den Philippinen, 1. hi-
by itself, it even may be the base for a second roshii, spec. nov. und I. colini, spec. nov. beschrie-
mimicry-ring the species-composition of which ben. Larvalstände und Futterpflanzen dieser Arten
being largely unknown to us (there is an unde- sind unbekannt. Die Holotypen der neu beschrie-
scribed species of Ctimene Boisduval from Min- benen Arten befinden sich in der Sammlung Tread-
danao in coll. CGT which is very similar exter- away und werden zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt an
nally and may also be a member of this mimic- das SNG übergehen.
ry-ring).
Another open question is, whether males
and females of the two new species of Inouea References
are in fact conspecific 4 as considered in the
Holloway, J. D. 1994. The Moths of Borneo, part 11,
present paper - or not. Similar pattern-arrange-
Family Geometridae, Subfamily Ennominae. 4
ment, fitting size-ratios, the fact that there are
London, Kuala Lumpur, 1-309
no black & white males, though normally more
Inoue, H. 1970. Geometridae of Eastern Nepal based
abundant than females, and some details of on the collection of the lepidopterological re-
body-pattern (e.g. the very similar coloration of search expedition to Nepal Himalaya by the
the face and the palps in both sexes) are in Lepidopterological Society of Japan in 1963.
favour of this opinion. Against it are that in Part I: Genera Abraxas Leach and Arichanna
I. cyclobalia definitely both sexes are of the same Moore. 4 Spec. Bull. Lepid. Soc. Japan 4: 203-239
ground colour, that males are also missing for -- 1972. The genus Abraxas of Japan, Korea, Sag-
halien and Manchuria (Lepidoptera: Geome-
the two females of cyclobalia from W. Mindan-
ao, that the female genitalia of I. hiroshii and tridae). 4 Bull. Fac. domest. Sci. Otsuma Wom.
Univ. 8: 141-163, 13 pls.
1. colini are distinctly different while those of
-- 1984. The genus Abraxas of Taiwan (Lepidopte-
the males are quite similar. Moreover, the phe-
ra, Geometridae). 4 Bull. Fac. domest. Sci. Ot-
nomenon of so strikingly different males and
suma Wom. Univ. 20: 93-128.
females is rather unusual for Geometrids. Ad- -- 1987. Geometridae of Eastern Nepal based on
ditional material is needed to solve these ques- the collection of the lepidopterological re-
tions, so the authors would like here to express search expedition to Nepal Himalaya by the
their strong desire to have the opportunity to Lepidopterological Society of Japan in 1963.
examine any such existing material. Part III. - Bull. Fac. domest. Sci. Otsuma Wom.
Univ. 23: 215-270.
The systematic position of Inouea is ques-
169
13
Figs 11-13. 3 genitalia of Inouea species. 11. Inouea cyclobalia West, Luzon. 12. Inouea hiroshii, spec. nov.,
Holotype, Mindanao. 13. Inouea colini, spec. nov., Paratype, Negros.
170
*
Figs 14-17. 2 genitalia of Inouea species. 14. Inouea cyclobalia West, Luzon. 15. Inouea cyclobalia West,
Mindanao. 16. Inouea hiroshii, spec. nov., Paratype, Mindanao. 17. Inouea colini, spec. nov., Paratype,
Negros.
-- 1994. The genus Abraxas Leach (Geometridae, Stüning, D. & A. Hausmann 2002. Abraxas (Calospi-
Ennominae) from Thailand. 4 Tinea 14 (1): 20- los) breueri, spec. nov., eine neue Geometriden-
26. art von den Philippinen (Lepidoptera, Geome-
-- 1995. The genera Abraxas and Ourapteryx from tridae, Ennominae). 4 Spixiana 25(2): 157-161
Nepal (Geometridae, Ennominae). In Haruta, West, R. J. 1929. Descriptions of new species of
T. (ed.), Moths of Nepal, part 4. - Tinea 14 Japanese, Formosan, and Philippine Geometri-
(Suppl. 2): 119-139. dae. - Nov. zool. 35: 105-131
171
